1) The document discusses disorders of the parathyroid glands, including hyperparathyroidism and hypoparathyroidism. 2) Hyperparathyroidism is caused by an increase in parathyroid hormone which regulates calcium levels and affects the kidneys and bones. It is diagnosed by ruling out other causes of hypercalcemia and measuring calcium and PTH levels. Treatment includes decreasing calcium levels through lifestyle changes or medication. 3) Hypoparathyroidism is caused by abnormally low PTH levels which can result from thyroid surgery and causes low calcium and high phosphorus levels. It is diagnosed through blood tests and treated by increasing calcium levels through supplements or IV treatment.

1. NR 202
DISORDERS OF THE PARATHYROID
GLANDS

2. HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH)

 PTH regulates calcium
 Increase in PTH affects kidneys and bones.
 Pg 547

3. DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Diagnosis of exclusion, excluding all other

possible causes of hypercalcemia.
 6 month history of symptoms
 Serum calcium levels
 PTH levels

4. TREATMENT OF HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Decreasing elevated serum calcium levels

 Mild levels- drink fluids and stay active
Avoid immobility, large doses of vitamins A and D,

and calcium supplements and/or antacids containing
calcium.
Severe hypercalcemia- hospitalization and IV

saline.
 Other medications :
To inhibit bone reabsorption and reduce

hypercalcemia: Fosamax and Zometa
 Calcitonin

5. HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
Abnormally low PTH levels

 Common cause: damage or removal of
parathyroid glands during a thyroidectomy
 Lack of PTH causes hypocalcemia and
elevated blood phosphate level.
 Symptoms page 548

6. DIAGNOSIS OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
Low serum calcium levels

 High phosphorous levels

7. TREATMENT OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
Increase calcium levels

 IV calcium gluconate for immediate intervention
for tetany
 Long term- supplemental calcium, increased
dietary calcium and Vit D therapy