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Similar to Sunflower diseases
Sunflower diseases
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- 2. Alternaria blight -Alternaria helianthi Rust - Puccinia helianthi Head rot - Rhizopus nigricans Charcoal rot / Root rot – Macrophomina phaseolina Downy mildew - Plasmopara halstedii Cercospora leaf spot - Cercospora helianthicola Septoria leaf spot - Septoria helianthi Verticillium wilt - Verticillium dahliae Powdery mildew - Erysiphe cichoracearum Southern blight - Sclerotium rolfsii Sclerotinia wilt/ stem rot - Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
- 3. ALTERNARIA BLIGHT- Alternariahelianthi
- 4. symptoms : • Leafspot lesions on the leaves are dark brown with pale margin and yellow halo ,as first smaller in size ,then up to 2-3 cm in diameter ,usually irregulary circular in shape . • Plants at flowering and seed filling stages more susceptible than young plants MODE OF SURVIVAL,SPREAD AND EPIDEMIOLOGY : Fungus survives on plant residue , spread by wind borne conidia ,low temperature and high RH , Rainfall shortly after planting favours disease development . MANAGEMENT : • Remove and destroy the infected plant materials • Early sowing (june sowing) • Seed treatment with Thiram or Carbendazim at 2g/Kg of Seed • Spary Mancozeb @ 1Kg/ha • Grow resistant genotypes like EC 126184, 132846,132847 and TNAU suf 5 SYMPTOMS :
- 5. RUST – Pucciniahelianthi
- 6. Symptoms : • Small,reddishbrown pustules covered with rusty appear on the lower surface of bottom leaves • In severe infection , numerous pustules appear on leaves leading to yellowing and drying of leaves . • The black coloured telia are also seen among uredia on the lower surface • Pycnidial and aecial stages occur on volunteer plants . MODE OF SPREAD: The disease spreads through wind borne uredospores SURVIVAL: The pathogen is an Autocious rust and survives in the volunteer Sunflower plants and infected plant debris. EPIDEMIOLOGY: Rainy weather & cool winter encourage the disease development MANAGEMENT: • Remove the volunteer sunflower plants • Field sanitation • Spray Mancozeb @ 1Kg/ha • Grow resistant Genotypes EC 32361, 82819,MSFH3,9,12 and BSH 1
- 7. Charcoal rot –Macrophomina phaseolina
- 8. Symptoms : • Affectedseedlings Show brown or ashy black discolouration at the collar region . • The infected plants show drooping of leaves and death occurs in patches • The bark of the lower stem and roots shred and associated with a large number of sclerotia MODEOF SPREAD: Primary infection takes place from the inoculum in soil and secondary infection takes place through air borne spores SURVIVAL: The pathogen survives as sclerotia in soil,irrigation water and implements EPIDEMIOLOGY: Dry weather favour for the disease development MANAGEMENT: Seed Treatment with Thiram or captan or T.viride @4g/kg of seed Soil drench with Carbendazim @0.1%
- 9. Head rot -Rhizopus nigricans
- 10. Symptoms • The diseaseoccurs on head (capitulum) at heading stage and during grain formation. • The affected heads show water-soaked lesion on the lower surface which later turns brown. • The infection spreads from head to the stalk. In advanced cases the head becomes soft and pulpy with putrification of tissues. • The insects and larvae feed on the developing seeds pave the way for the entry of the fungus. Viability of seeds is highly reduced. MODEOF SPREAD: Disease spread by wind-borne sporangiospores. SURVIVAL: Survives in the infected plant debris EPIDEMIOLOGY: Prolonged Rain at flowering stage encourage the disease MANAGEMENT: Seed treatment with captan or thiram at 4g/kg of the seed Spray the head with Mancozeb @ 1kg/ha
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