This document lists and describes different types of connectors used in discourse and their functions. It discusses connectors for adding ideas, expressing cause, sequencing narratives and arguments, making conditions, expressing contrast, and expressing purpose. For each function, it provides examples of connectors that can be used to begin sentences, join words/clauses, and end sentences.

1. ConnectorsDiscourse markers

2. LINKERS ARE USED FOR...
adding ideas
expressing cause
expressing
purpose expressing contrast
making
conditions
sequencing
a narrative
sequencing an
argument
to begin a sentence
unless/as long as
to join
words/clauses
but only if/providing
that
to begin a sentence
before.../then...
to join clauses
before.../after...
to end a sentence
afterwards/in the end
to begin a
sentence
firstly…/finally...
to begin a
sentence
however/
nevertheless
to join clauses
but.../yet...
to end a
sentence
…,though
to end a
sentence
to this end...
to join clauses
so that
to begin a
sentence
in order to
to begin a
sentence
moreover,...
to join clauses
and.../in
addition...
to end a
sentence
...as
well/...too
to begin a
sentence
because/as
to join
clauses
due to...
to end a
sentence
...for the reason

3. ADDING IDEAS
● To begin a sentence: (also…, in addition…, moreover…, as well as…)
Ex: I speak French. Also, I speak English.
Ex: In addition to the recipe ingredients, you’ll need the following.
Ex: He didn't have his shoes on; moreover, the wasn´t wearing a shirt.
To join words/clauses: (and…, in addition to…, as well as…)
Ex: Try harder and you will succeed.
Ex: I like to use sugar, in addition to cream, when flavoring my coffee.
Ex: Our neighbor brought cake as well as juice for everyone.
● To end a sentence: (...as well, ...too)
Ex: These exercises will keep your body healthy and functioning, as well.
Ex: You will stay behind after class, and I want to speak to your parents, too.

4. EXPRESSING CAUSE
● To begin a sentence: (due to…, because(of)..., as..., since..., that is why…)
Ex: Due to the bad weather we won't go out.
Ex: That is why you fail, you don't study enough.
Ex: Since you're gone the nights are getting strange.
● To join words/clauses: (due to…, because(of)..., as…, since…)
Ex: The game was cancelled due to bad weather.
Ex: I was late because of heavy traffic.
Ex: He has worked at the factory since 1999.
Ex: Noemi is five feet ten and Inés is just as tall.

5. SEQUENCING AN ARGUMENT
● To begin a sentence: (firstly…, secondly…, thirdly…, finally…, lastly)
Ex: Firstly, I would like to remark that it is not my fault.
Ex: Firstly, thankyou all for coming. Secondly, let me introduce our host.
Ex: Firstly, I don't like fish. Secondly, I'm not hungry. Thirdly, I'm broke.
Ex: We finally made it home after midnight.
Ex: Lastly, please make sure you don't leave your things behind.

6. SEQUENCING A NARRATIVE
● To begin a sentence: (before…, afterwards…, then…, finally…, after
that…, first…, in the end…)
Ex: Before God I declare that I will always tell the truth.
Ex: In the end, everything will be all right.
● To join words/clauses: (before…, after…)
Ex: Come and say goodbye before you go.
Ex: We can discuss it more after lunch.
● To end a sentence: (...afterwards, ...in the end)
Ex: Let's eat and go to a movie afterwards.
Ex: You will get the job in the end.

7. MAKING CONDITIONS
● To begin a sentence: (as long as…, providing that…, unless…)
Ex: As long as we're together I will be happy.
Ex: Unless you have a better idea, we will follow my plan.
Ex: Providing that it is not their own money, they will spend it all.
● To join words/clauses: (as long as…, but only if… providing that…)
Ex: I will help you as long as you are nice to your classmates.
Ex: They will go on the cruise, but only if they pass everything.
Ex: You may go to the ball, Cinderella, providing that you are back by midnight.

8. EXPRESSING CONTRAST
● To begin a sentence: (however…, nevertheless…, nonetheless, on the one
hand, …, on the other hand,...)
Ex: However he did it, it was very clever
Ex: On the other hand, there are some disadvantages of living in a big city.
Ex: Susan was a plain women. Nevertheless, she had many boyfriends.
● To join words/clauses: (but…, yet…, even though…, despite… in spite
of…)
Ex: I may be old, but I can still ride a bike.
Ex: I decided to walk to the library even though it was raining.
Ex: You could help us with the cooking, or better yet, why don't you set the table?.
● To end a sentence: (...,though)
Ex: He doesn't study a lot, but he gets very good marks, though.

9. EXPRESSING PURPOSE
● To begin a sentence: (in order to…, in order that…)
Ex: In order to travel abroad you must have a valid passport.
Ex: In order that he can buy a car, he will need to save money.
● To join words/clauses: (so that…, in order to…)
Ex: You don't need a degree in order to work as an escort.
Ex: She studied hard so that she might become a doctor.
● To end a sentence: (...for this purpose, ...to this end)
Ex: We will do our best for this purpose.
Ex: We need to raid the castle! We must find some swords to this end.

10. CONNECTORS