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Conditionals
- 1. CONDITIONAL SENTENCES PART 1: THE SIMPLECONDITIONALS
- 2. The conditionals (Ifclauses) 1 - WHAT ARE CONDITIONALS IN ENGLISH? CONDITIONALS DESCRIBE THE RESULT OF SOMETHING THAT MIGHT HAPPEN (IN THE PRESENT OR FUTURE) OR MIGHT HAVE HAPPENED BUT DIDN'T (IN THE PAST) TYPES ZERO CONDITIONAL CERTAINTY - THE RESULT OF THE CONDITION IS ALWAYS TRUE, LIKE A SCIENTIFIC FACT. FORM: IF+ PRESENT SIMPLE, PRESENT SIMPLE EXAMPLE: IF YOU HEAT ICE, IT MELTS CONDITIONAL TYPE I IT IS POSSIBLE AND ALSO VERY LIKELY THAT THE CONDITION WILL HAPPEN FORM: IF + PRESENT SIMPLE, WILL FUTURE EXAMPLE: IF I FIND HER ADDRESS, I’LL SEND HER AN INVITATION CONDITIONAL TYPE II IT IS POSSIBLE BUT VERY UNLIKELY, THAT THE CONDITION WILL HAPPEN FORM: IF + PAST SIMPLE, CONDITIONAL I EXAMPLE: IF I FOUND HER ADDRESS, I WOULD SEND HER AN INVITATION. CONDITIONAL TYPE III IT IS IMPOSSIBLE THAT THE CONDITION WILL BE FULFILLED (IT REFERS TO THE PAST) FORM: IF + PAST PERFECT, CONDITIONAL II EXAMPLE: IF I HAD FOUND HER ADDRESS, I WOULD HAVE SENT HER AN INVITATION.
- 3. ZERO CONDITIONAL It isa fact STRUCTURE IF + SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE …….. SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE If Clause Main Clause USES This structure is used when the result will always happen (scientific facts and general truths) We talk in general, not about one particular situation. The result of the 'if clause' is always the main cluase. The 'if' in this conditional can usually be replaced by 'when' without changing the meaning. If water reaches 100 degrees, it always boils. It's a fact. EXAMPLES - You get water if you mix hydrogen and oxygen ( If the “if” clause comes second, there is no need for a comma). - Snakes bit if they are scare. - If there is no air, wood doesn't burn - If a number is odd, it is not divisible between two. - If you press that button, the light comes on.
- 4. FIRST CONDITIONAL Real possibilty STRUCTURE IF+SUBJECT + PRESENT SIMPLE …SUBJECT + WILL + VERB CONDITION RESULT USES We use the First Conditional to talk about future events that are likely to happen. We are thinking about a particular condition in the future, and the result of this condition. There is a real possibility that this condition will happen. EXAMPLES If Mary comes, she will want to drive If they tell us they want it, we'll have to give it to them If I see him, I'm going to tell him exactly how angry I am (The "future clause" can contain 'going to‘) If you go to New York, you must have the cheesecake in Lindy's (The "future clause" can also contain other modal verbs such as 'can' and 'must‘) FIRST VS. ZERO CONDITIONAL The first conditional describes a particular situation, the zero conditional describes what happens in general. Zero conditional: if you sit in the sun, you get burned (the burning is a natural consequence of the sitting) First conditional: if you sit in the sun, you'll get burned (here I'm talking about what will happen today, another day might be different)
- 5. SECOND CONDITIONAL It's notvery real, but it's still possible STRUCTURE IF +SUBJECT + PAST SIMPLE …SUBJECT + WOULD + BASE VERB CONDITION RESULT USE We use second conditional to talk and express hypothetical cases we can use it to talk about things in the future that are probably not going to be true. It describes imaginary situations. EXAMPLES If I had a million dollars (I don't have a million dollars) I would buy a Ferrari (this is what I would do with the million dollars) If she saw Brat Pitt in the street she would faint If I were you, I wouldn't go out with that man. He would travel all over the world if he were rich. 1ST CONDITIONAL VS 2ND CONDITIONAL 1st - If you study you will pass the test - CAUSE AND EFFECT 2nd- If Chris kissed me I would be so happy - IMAGINARY/HYPOTHETICAL SITUATION.
- 6. THIRD CONDITIONAL No possibility STRUCTURE IF+SUBJECT + PAST PERFECT …SUBJECT + WOULD HAVE+ PAST PARTICIPLE CONDITION RESULT USE We talk about a condition in the past that did not happen. Both the condition and result are impossible now. The third conditional is also like a dream, but with no possibility of the dream coming true. EXAMPLES If Tara had been free yesterday I would have invited her. If it had rained yesterday what would you have done? Their teacher would have been sad if they had not passed their exam If I had seen him at the meeting, I might have asked him (the main clause can contain 'would', 'could' or 'might) If we had taken a taxi, we wouldn't have missed the plane
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