The document discusses various causes of tooth discoloration, which can be exogenous or endogenous in origin. Exogenous stains come from external substances like tobacco, foods, or medicines that deposit on the teeth. They can include metallic stains from occupational exposures or medications containing metals. Endogenous stains originate internally from factors like pulp death or systemic diseases. Specific stains covered include brown, black, green, orange, red, and gray/blue stains. Removing stains depends on if they have penetrated tooth structure. Genetic conditions can also cause tooth discoloration.

1. Discoloration of
teeth
Exogenous and Endogenous Stains

2. Staining
Staining of teeth may result from pigments or
colored substance takent into mouth such as:
Tobacco
Medicine
Dentifrice
Food (substance in diet)

3. Causes of discoloration of teeth

4. Stains derived from substance in the mouth
are designated Exogenous stains.
Exogenous stains are deposited in film and
plaque on teeth in rough pitted and porous
surface of teeth
• Usually indicative of poor oral hygiene,
endogenous staining is the most often indicative
pulpal death.

5. Exogenous staining can be
subdivided as:
Metallic Stains
Non metallic Stains

6. Metallic stains
Generally associated with the occupational
hazard or metal workers or with the use of
medicine containing their stains
The stain may removed by polishing if it has
not penetrated into line tooth structure,
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7. Brown stains may result from the use of drugs
containing iron or from the industrial
inhalation or iron containing metals.
• iron stains may be black to brown to black
and similar to tobacco stains, silver staining
most often occurs as the result of the use of
silver nitrate on the teeth by the dentist.

8. Brown Stain
Brown Teeth In Children Tetracycline
discolored teeth
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9. Non metallic stains
• May be associated with with incorporation of
pigmented substance into plaques and
accretions on teeth , rough pitted and
decalcified surface of teeth, and remnants of
enamel cuticle.
• It may be impossible to remove stains which
have penetrated pits, fissure and porous areas
of teeth.

10. Black stain
• Two variation of black stain of non metallic origin
may occur on the teeth, they can occur on the
teeth.
• They include the black stain caused by the
product of tobacco combustion and more or less
characteristic “metabolic” stain.
• Tobacco stain are present most often on the
lingual surface of the teeth,especially on the
areas where pipes, cigars, or cigarttes are held.

11. Black stain
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12. • A black stain in the form of a fine line adjacent
to the free gingival margin, which is not
related to smoking, has been called metabolic
stain and “mesenteric line”.
• This stain may occur as a broad thin black line
following the contour of the free gingival
margin onto the interproximal surface of the
teeth

13. • Removal is sometimes more difficult because
of pitting of the underlying enamel

14. Green stain
• Green stain is frequently occurs on the teeth
of children, especially on the teeth children,
especially on the cervical third of the labial
surface of the maxillary incisor.

15. Orange Stain and Red stain
• May be present on the teeth in various
locations but more especially on the cervical
third of the teeth.
• Such stain are related to soft plaques on the
teeth and probably the action of bacteria.
• they are easily removed by polishing agent
and may be effectively prevented by proper
tooth-brushing

16. Red and orange stains

17. Endogenous stains
Internal discoloration of teeth may occur as
the result of decomposition of blood pigments
associated with the death of the pulp.
Such pigments give the tooth a grayish or
blue-black discoloration, the teeth occsionally
may be discolored by blood-borne pigments
associated with the severe systemic disease or
inborn errors of pigment metabolism such as
congenital porphyria

18. • Discoloration of the teeth may also occur as a
result of hereditary and developmental
disturbances suh as :
o Mottled enamel

19. • Amelogenesis impefecta
• Detinogenisis imperfect

20. Referrence:
• KERR AND ASH ORAL PATHOLOGY: an introduction to General and oral pathology
for hygienist, 5th edition major M. Ash Jr.
• Oral pathology, 3rd edition J.V Soames and J.C Southam
• Oral Pathology , Clinical Pathology 4th edition, Regezi, Sciubba, Jordan
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