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LESSON 4:
WHAT IS DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS?

Disaster
Disaster can be defined as any tragic
event stemming from events such as
earthquakes, floods, catastrophic
accidents, fires or explosions. It is
phenomenon that can cause damage to
life, property and destroy economic, social
and cultural life of people.

What is Disaster Preparedness?
These are measures, which enable
government agencies, organizations,
communities, and individuals to
respond quickly and effectively to any
disaster situations. These encompass
those actions taken to limit the impact
of natural phenomena by structuring
response and establishing a
mechanism for effecting a quick and
orderly reaction.

What is Disaster Preparedness?
Preparedness activities could include
pre-positioning supplies and
equipment; developing emergency
action plans, manuals, and
procedures/developing warning,
evacuation, and sheltering plans;
strengthening or otherwise protecting
critical facilities.

An earthquake is a shaking of the ground caused by
the sudden breaking and movement of large sections
(tectonic plates) of the earth’s rocky outermost crust. The
edges of the tectonic plates are marked by faults. Most
earthquakes occur along the fault lines when the plates slide
past each other or collide. The shifting masses send out
shock waves that may be powerful enough to:
 Alter the surface of the earth, thrusting up cliffs and
opening great cracks in the ground and;
 Cause great damage like collapse of buildings and other
man-made structures, broken power and gas lines (and
the consequent fire), landslide, tsunamis, and volcanic
eruption

Safety Measures Before, During, and After an Earthquake
Citizens should plan and practice what to do in the event of an
earthquake in order to properly respond before, during, and after the
shaking begins.
Before an Earthquake Occurs
Prepare for three to seven days of electricity. Water, gas
and telephone outages.
Keep an earthquake disaster kit on hand, including a well-stocked
first aid kit, emergency go bag. Store the kit on a secure,
waterproof location that is easily accessible.
Conduct calm family discussions about earthquakes. Decides upon
an outdoor meeting location for your family to reunite after a
quake and conduct in-home practice drills. Teach your household
members to knock three times repeatedly if they were to become
trapped inside your home.

 Conduct a thorough investigation of your home, checking for any
defective wiring, leaky gas connections, and deep cracks in the ceiling
or foundation that could pose a danger during a quake.
 Install flexible corrugated pipe fittings to avoid gas and water
leaks. Flexible fittings are more resistant to breakage. If
recommended by your gas provider have an automatic gas shut-off
installed that can be triggered by strong vibrations
 Learn how to shut of all utilities in your home.
 Use bolts or straps to secure heavy items that may topple over.
 Avoid placing heavy objects, such as shelves and picture frames, on
walls where they could fall onto bed or locations where your family
would be sitting.
 Secure cabinet doors with latches to prevent items from
falling out during earthquake.

During an Earthquake
 If indoors, stay there; most injuries occur when
people inside try to move to different location or
try to leave. Avoid windows, exterior walls
stairwells, elevators, and object that could fall. Be
aware that the electricity may go out and the fire
alarm or sprinkler system may turn on.
 If outside, get into an open area. Stay clear of
buildings, power lines, Streetlights, and anything
that can fall on you.
 If driving, move out of traffic as quickly as possible
and shut off the engine. Avoid bridges and
overpasses, and anything that can fall on your car
such as trees, light posts, power lines and
billboards.
 If in bed, stay there. Hold on and protect your head
with a pillow, only move to nearby safe place if you
under a heavy light fixture or something that may
fall on you.

After an Earthquake
 Go to your predetermined outdoor meeting location. Check for
injuries to others and provide assistance as needed.
 Check for and extinguish small fires. Clean up any spilled
flammable liquids immediately.
 If you smell gas or hear a hissing sound, open a window and
quickly leave the building. Shut off the main gas valve only if you
suspect a gas leak. Return home only when it is declared safe.
 Check appliance and electric lines for damage. Unplug any
damaged appliances or light fixtures, and shut off power at the
main fuse box if there are spark, frayed wires, or if you smell
something burning. Check for sewage and water line damage. If
you suspect damage, avoid using the toilet until you call a plumber.

 Watch out for items that may have shifted in cabinets or closets that can cause
further damage or injury upon opening the doors.
 If you are trapped under debris, do not light a match or move about. Cover your
mouth with clothing and tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can locate you. Only
shout as a last resort, as it can cause you to inhale dangerous amount of dust.
 If you are driving, watch out for road hazards, including fallen trees, power lines
and damaged bridges and roads. If a power line fell onto your car during the
earthquake, stay inside until trained personnel remove the wire.
 Use the telephone only for emergencies.
 Listen to the radio for important information.
 Inspect your home for signs of structural damage, particularly to the foundation
and chimney. Damage to these areas can pose serious safety hazards in the months
after an earthquake. Do not enter structurally compromised structure. Call a
certified home inspector if you are unsure of your home’s structural
stability.
 Be prepared for aftershocks. Aftershocks can occur minutes, days, or months after
an earthquake. Drop, Cover, and Hold on each time shaking occurs.

STAGE 1: PLANNING
Form a School Disaster Management Committee
 Over-all Coordinator, First Aid Team, Fire Safety Team,
Communication Team, Building Safety Inspection Team, Evacuation
Team and Site Security Team
SDMC should.......
 Have the yearly update on information of school population
 Prepare the most recent school map
 Prepare the building floor plan of each building
SDMC should conduct a SCHOOL WATCHING EXERCISE
 Observe safe and unsafe zones
 Suggest corrections for improvements
 Assess the structural integrity of the building/s
 Assess if the school location is tsunami prone
STAGES OF EARTHQUAKE DRILL

GOOD practices and safe zones:
 Swing out door
 Wide corridors
 Wide open space for evacuation
 Fire exists
 Public alarm system
Some of the UNSAFE zones:
 Windows and glass panes
 Book shelves, machinery, cabinets and furniture that may
topple or slide
 Narrow alleys

STAGE 2: DEVELOPING the EARTHQUAKE
EVACUATION PLAN
 Use available OPEN SPACES nearest to the
building
 Determine if there is sufficient open space for all,
set a buffer zone from the building.
 Make sure that evacuation route will not expose
the students to additional hazards.

STAGE 3: Orientation Prior to the Conduct of an
Earthquake Drill.
A. Preparations
1. Conduct of lectures about earthquake
2. Conduct classroom hazard observation activity
3. Introduce evacuation plan
4. Introduce assigned evacuation area
5. Post the school evacuation map in every
classroom and bulletin board
6. Assign student-in-charge of making sure the door
is open during shaking

7. Assign observers and evaluators who will give comments
and suggestions
8. Inform the neighbourhood about the drill
9. Check available alarm system
10. Assign class marshal
11. Take note of persons with disabilities (PWD), pregnant and
elderly and identify their locations for evacuation
12. Assign Marshalls to assist the PWD, pregnant and elderly
during evacuation.
B. Protect yourself
What to do DURING an Earthquake
 DUCK, COVER AND HOLD
 Watch out for falling objects
 Keep calm and don’t panic

STAGE 4: Actual Conduct of an Earthquake Drill
Phase 1. ALARM During the drill, the 1-minute alarm indicates earthquake
or shaking.
Phase 2. RESPONSE While the alarm is on-going, everyone should
perform “duck, cover and hold”. Remain in this position until the
“shaking” stops.
Phase 3. EVACUATION As soon as the shaking stops, immediately
evacuate the school building and proceed to identified evacuation areas
using the pre-determined routes guided by the class marshall or teacher.
Phase 4. ASSEMBLY At the designated evacuation area, students must be
grouped together according to the class where they belong.
Phase 5. HEAD COUNT Teachers should check and make sure all students
are accounted for.
Phase 6. EVALUATION The over-all coordinator will announce the
termination of drill or “All clear”.

Fire is a good friend of man if and
when properly utilized but it will turn
into a man-made hazard when
neglected. Fire is a rapid oxidation of
matter accompanied by heat or
flame. Many people are injured and
die because of fires, which there are
some instances that it could be
prevented.

Before a Fire
1. Smoke alarms should be installed. Smoke alarms that function well
decreased your chances of dying in fire by half.
2. Place smoke alarms on every level of your residence. They should be
placed outside the bedrooms four (4) to twelve (12) inches from the
ceiling or high on the wall, at the top of open stairways, or at the bottom
of enclosed stairs and near (but not in) the kitchen.
3. Smoke alarms should be tested and cleaned once a month and replace
batteries at least once a year. They should be replaced once every 10
years.
4. Candles and Lamps should not be set too close to curtains
TIPS ON WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF FIRE

During Fire
1. Leave immediately the building. Never try to fight unless it is only
contained in small area.
2. If your clothes catch on fire, stop, drop and roll until the fire ceased.
Running only funnelled and spread flames easily.
3. When going through an area which has a thick smoke, wet a towel and
cover your nose then crawl on the floor going to your exit. There is a little
amount of smoke and heated poisonous gas on the floor since they tend
to rise.
4. If the door feels hot, do not open. Escape through a window. I you
cannot escape alert fire fighters of your presence by hanging a white or
light colored sheet outside the window.

5. If the door is cool, open slowly and ensure fire and/or smoke is
not blocking your escape route. Shut the door immediately if your
escape route is blocked by using an alternate way such as the
window.
6. As you escape, immediately close the doors to delay the spread
of the fire.
7. Once you are safely out, stay out,
8. Do not return to the building or your home. If there are still
people trapped in the building, call for the fire department to
rescue them.

Escaping a Fire
1. Review and practice escaping from each room with your family.
2. Be sure that windows are not nailed or painted shut. See to it that
security gratings on windows have a fire safety opening feature so they
can be easily opened from the inside.
3. If your residence has several floors or levels, you have to consider
escape ladders. Be sure also that burglar bars and other anti-thief
mechanisms that block outside entry are easily opened from the inside.
4. Family members should be made to understand that they have to stay
low to the floor (where the air is safer in a fire) when escaping from a fire.
5. Clean the storage areas and throw all the trash such as old newspapers
and magazines.

Scene Management/Scene Size-Up Conduct initial evaluation of the scene to
become effective, immediately determine the scene safety, identify possible
hazards, and determine the nature of the problem and the number of patients or
casualty. First Aid in Search and Rescue The rescue workers are the first persons in
contact with both surface and trapped casualties, hence it is very essential for
them to know the importance of first aid. This is given to casualties to preserve
their lives and prevent more injury.
Its application will help in the fast recovery as well. Hereunder are the things to be
done by the first aider:
 Immediately diagnose what is wrong with the patient or victim
 Immediate and appropriate treatment should be given.
 Stay with the casualty, until they are transferred to a more advanced medical
aid.
AFTER FIRE -SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATION

TSUNAMI
A tsunami is a series of destructive and dangerous waves that are
typically caused by earthquakes and underwater seismic activity. If you
live in a tsunami hazard region, make sure you know what to do in the
unfortunate event of a tsunami. We’ve put together this list of ways to
react and survive a tsunami if you find yourself in the path of danger.
TIPS ON HOW TO SURVIVE A TSUNAMI
1. Evacuate on foot if possible
Bridges and roads might be damaged or blocked after an earthquake.
Whether there is an official tsunami warning or you live in a tsunami
hazard zone and an earthquake just happened, immediately start
moving on foot.
 Walk or run towards safety to avoid getting stuck in a car in a
dangerous location.
 Stay away from any damaged roads, bridges, or buildings that could
collapse.
 Try to walk on open ground as much as possible to stay extra safe.

2. Follow tsunami evacuation route signage
Tsunami hazard zones usually have signs to
direct you to safety. Keep an eye out for white
and blue signs that say “tsunami evacuation
route” or something similar. Use them to guide
you inland and out of the hazard zone to
safety.
 There are often arrows posted with these
signs to show you which way to go. If not,
just move from sign to sign until you see one
that says you’re out of the tsunami
evacuation zone.

3. Get to high ground
High ground is the safest place to be during a
tsunami. If there is an earthquake and you live in a
tsunami hazard zone, don’t wait for an official
tsunami warning! As soon as the shaking stops and
it’s safe to move, go to the nearest high ground as
quickly as possible to get out of danger.
 If you don’t live in a tsunami hazard zone, you
don’t need to evacuate to high ground after an
earthquake.
 Stay put unless there are any instructions from
emergency services to leave the area.

4. Climb to the top of a building if you are trapped.
In some cases, you might not have time to evacuate.
If you don’t have time to evacuate and get to high
ground, go up to a third floor or higher in a sturdy
building. Even better, try to get on the roof of the
tallest, sturdiest building you can find. Either of these
options is better than nothing!
 If you’re right on the coast, there might be a tall
tsunami evacuation tower nearby. Look for
evacuation route signs and follow them to the
tower, then climb to the top.
 As a last resort when you can’t make it to any
other type of high ground, climb a tall, sturdy tree.

5. Go as far inland as possible.
The further away from the shore you are, the
less danger you’re in. Choose a piece of high
ground that’s as far inland from the shore as
you can get. If there is no high ground, just get
as far inland as you can.
 Tsunamis can travel as far as 10 mi (16 km)
inland in some cases. However, the shape
and slope of the shoreline affect how far
they can reach.

6. Grab something floating if you’re in the
water.
This can help keep you safe if you get caught
by a tsunami’s waves. Look for something
sturdy like a tree, a door, or a life raft. Grab the
object and hold on tightly while you get carried
by the waves.
 Though it may be difficult at the moment, try
your best not to swallow any of the water.
Tsunamis can pick up chemicals and waste
that can be harmful to your health.

7. Go out to sea if you’re in a boat.
Going further away from land is safer if you’re
on the water in a tsunami. Steer your boat
towards the open sea, facing the waves, and
get as far out as you can. Never return to port
if a tsunami warning is issued in the area.
 Tsunami activity causes dangerous currents
and water levels near the shoreline, which
can capsize your boat.
 If you’re already docked in a harbour, get
out of your boat and go inland to safety as
quickly as possible.

8. Stay in your safe spot for at least 8 hours.
Tsunami activity can continue for up to 8 hours
or longer. Stay away from the coast and on
high ground for this period to play it safe.
Listen to announcements from officials and
only move when they say it’s safe to do so.
They're the ones that know best!
 You may be stressed out and worried about
loved ones, but you must stay where you are
and try to remain calm. Don’t put your life at
risk to try to meet up with someone in
another area.

9. Watch the ocean for warning signs.
There are certain natural warnings the
ocean gives before a tsunami. Listen
for a loud roaring sound made by the
ocean. A tsunami sucks coastal water
seawards; watch out for the water
receding abnormally far from the
shoreline or for abnormally high water
levels as well.

10. Listen to emergency alerts and
information.
Local emergency managers provide
recommendations for tsunami safety.
Sign up for any local emergency alert
programs to receive tsunami warnings
and other info on your phone. Listen
to local radio and watch the local
news to find out if there is any risk of a
tsunami after an earthquake.

11. Avoid downed power lines.
Damaged power lines can electrically charge the
water. Keep an eye out for downed power lines
or any other damaged electrical equipment
when you’re walking home or to a shelter after a
tsunami is over. Give the equipment a wide
berth if you see any and don’t wade through any
water that they’re touching to be extra careful!
 Examples of other electrical equipment to
avoid are electrical boxes and telephone
poles.

Typhoon Safety Tips: What to Do Before, During, and After a Calamity.
What to Do Before a Typhoon: Things to Prepare and Plan
What is an Emergency Go Bag?
A go bag is a simple, low-cost emergency kit that's easy to bring when you need to leave your home, office, or
car to evacuate because of a typhoon, fire, earthquake, or any emergency. This is why it's also called a grab-
and-go bag, lifeline kit, or emergency survival kit.

The importance of an emergency go bag can't be stressed enough. Having a typhoon
emergency kit will help you survive for several days until your food, electricity, and water
supplies normalize after a calamity.
Here's a checklist of the things you need to do when there's an upcoming typhoon in the
Philippines:
 Monitor weather reports and don't ignore rainfall warning alerts you receive through
text.
 Ensure you have enough food and water supply.
 Keep the following items handy in case of a power outage: battery-operated radio,
flashlights, spare batteries, rechargeable lamps, and candles.
 Check your home for anything that needs to be fixed or secured, such as a leaky roof
and trees that need to be trimmed.
 Park your car in a higher place (like in a mall's parking space) if you live in a low-lying
area.

 Secure your pets in a safe place.
 Evacuate immediately and calmly—if there's an order from
your local government unit or if you live near a body of water
or mountainsides—to avoid flash floods and landslides. Close
all windows and switch off your main power supply.
 Make a plan for staying in touch with your family during a
typhoon. Have a designated place for the family to gather in
case some members get separated.
 Keep your phones charged.
 Prepare a list of emergency hotlines to call.

What to Do During a Typhoon: 10 Things to Remember
What should you do during a typhoon? Be alert, have the
presence of mind, and don't panic.
To ensure your family’s safety and survival during a typhoon, here
are the things to do and not to do. Make sure to include these
safety tips in your emergency preparedness checklist:
 Stay at home or in a safe place. If you really have to leave, avoid
areas that are prone to flooding or landslides. Watch out also
for flying objects and debris.
 Cancel all travel and outdoor activities. Practice safe driving
during a typhoon if you really have to go somewhere.

 Wear dry and warm clothes.
 Keep yourself updated on the latest weather news.
 Don't wade through the flood to avoid leptospirosis and other
water-borne diseases, as well as electrocution.
 Keep children from playing in the rain or swimming in the flood.
 If you run out of potable water, make your available water supply
safe for drinking by boiling it for 3 to 20 minutes.
 Keep all food and water containers covered and sealed.
 Keep lit candles and gas lamps out of reach of children and pets.
 Consult a doctor right away when you or a family member is sick
or has symptoms of a disease.

What to Do After a Typhoon: 5 Things to Watch Out For
Your preparedness for a typhoon extends until after the
storm. You still have to watch out for any risks or
dangers even when the worst is over.
According to the Red Cross, it’s crucial to be self-reliant
during the first three days following a disaster. This is
when water, electricity, and communication lines are
usually non-existent.

What to Do After a Typhoon: 5 Things to Watch Out For
Here's a checklist of safety precautions you can refer to during the
aftermath of a typhoon in the Philippines:
 Leave the evacuation area only when the authorities declare that it's safe
to return home.
 Assess the risk. If your home was ruined by the typhoon, check first if it's
safe and stable before entering. Report any damaged electric posts and
cables to the authorities. Watch out for live wires or outlets submerged
in water. Also, don't plug in and use appliances and other electrical
devices that have been flooded.
 Remove water in containers, cans, tires, and pots to keep mosquitos
from breeding.
 Inspect your vehicle for any damage caused by flooding.
 Keep monitoring the news for any new typhoon in the Philippines.

THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING!
GOD BLESS US
ALL!
Prepared by: SHAINA JANE BALOLONG.

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