1. A disaster is defined as an event that exceeds the ability of a community to cope using its own resources. It results when needs are greater than available resources. 2. Disasters can be classified based on causes into natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, droughts or man-made disasters caused by human intent, negligence or technological failures. 3. Key aspects of disaster management include preparedness through risk evaluation, resource mobilization and training; response during impact through evacuation, search and rescue, and triage; and recovery through rehabilitation and mitigation measures to reduce future risk.

1. Vincent mani.V
B.Sc AE.,
Disaster management
Simplified triage

3. Abstract :
• Etymology
• Definition
• Classification
• Major disaster in
. India
• Product B• Out hospital disaster &
management
• In hospital disaster &
management
• Disaster management in
india
• Interntional agencies –
Disaster management

4. Disaster……
It’s not a new thing…In

7. DISASTER
the word comes from,Ancient greek
DUS - "bad“. and
ASTER - "star“
--- The root of the word
disaster ("bad star" in Greek) comes from
an astrological sense of a calamity blamed on the position
of planets.

9. • ---A disaster is an
occurance distributing the normal
condition of existence and causing a
level of suffering that exceeds the
capacity of adjustment of the affected
community…
As per “WORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATION” :

11. Need > Resources

12. Whenever our
need is more than resources it’s
called disaster….
Here,
Resource indicates
number of staffs, medical
equipments, resuscitation
things,etc…
Need indicates
number of affected peoples….

13. Classification

14. • Disaster classification based on,
1. Causes :
. -> Natural disaster
- >Man – made disaster
. 2. Location :
. -> Out hospital disaster
. -> In hospital disaster

15. 1. Based on causes:
• Natural disaster :
Geophysical Hydrological Climatological Biological

16. Volcanic activity
Tsunami Earthquake
G
E
O
P
H
Y
S
I
C
A
L

17. Flood Avalanche
H
Y
D
R
O
L
O
G
I
C
A
L

18. Droughts
Wild fire Extreme
temperature
C
L
I
M
A
T
O
L
O
G
I
C
A
l

19. Epidemic - Diseases
B
I
O
L
O
G
I
C
A
l

20. 2. Man made disaster :
• Man made disaster or Man made
crisis results from,
✓Human intent
. ✓ Negligence
. ✓ Error involving a
failure of a man made system

21. Man made disasters

22. Man
Made
Disaster

23. Major disasters
In INDIA

25. In 2019 – 2020 :
• 2019 Bihar floods
• 2019 India alcohol poisoning
• 2019 Indian floods
• 2019 Karnataka floods
• 2019 Kerala floods
• 2019 Kullu bus accident
• 2019 Mumbai foot overbridge collapse
• 2019 Pune flood
• 2019 Vadodara flood

26. • 2019 Assam alcohol poisonings
• 2019 Bandipur forest fires
• 2019 Bihar encephalitis outbreak
• 2019 Chennai water crisis
• 2019 Delhi factory fire
• Delhi hotel fire
• Dharwad building collapse
• Cyclone Fani
• 2019 heat wave in India and Pakistan
• 2019 Indian Air Force An-32 crash
• Seemanchal Express derailment
• 2019 Surat fire
• Tiware dam failure
• 2020 Uttarakhand forest fires.

27. Locust infestation

28. Out hospital disaster
Management

29. Disaster happened at the out side of
hospital….like flood, war, droughts, bio –
terrorism
Now,
The management of disaster
have 2 phases:
✓ 4 phase
. ✓ 6 phase

30. 4 phase - cycle

32. 6 phase - cycle

35. Pre – preparedness :
It’s a major and foremost step taken in
disaster management phase…This intervention
helps to prevent or Minimize the losses and
damages of the disaster
. IT INCLUDES :
✓ Evaluation of risk
. ✓ Ensure all resources -
ready and easy to mobilised
✓coordinate information
with media

36. ✓ Prepare healthcare workers –
In and out hospital
✓ prepare rescue team
members
. ✓ shift the people’s who all are
in major risk zone
. ✓ Puplic education
. ✓ Trianing and mock drills
. ✓ Disaster simulation excercises

37. Impact stage :
Immediate reaction to disaster
as the disaster is anticipated or soon
after it begins in order to assess the
needs reduce the suffering, limit the
spread and consequences of the
disaster, open up the way to
rehabilitation…..
By mass evacuation, search and
rescue, Emergency medical services,
securing food and water..

38. Response and Rescue :
Before starting a rescue and
reponse operation ENSURE THE SAFETY
TRIAD – RESCUE PHASE:
Scene size up
TriageTransport

40. ✓ First and foremost step
taken in disaster management
✓ Set the border around
disaster happened area and restricte
the unnecessary people’s entry
. ✓ Only health care
professionals, Rescue team
members, Ambulance….
Scene size up:

41. Triage

42. Triage :
TRIAGE word derived from,
‘ TRIER ‘ ( french word )
Meaning – To short.
. Triage defined as a shortneing Of
peoples based on their severity and also
our resources..

43. ✓In disaster area
mass casualty is there…so we
can’t do person by person
assessment…
✓ so here we use
simple 'SALT’ triage
system….

44. SALT TRIAGE :
S – shortneing or global shortening
A – assessment or intial assessment
L – life threatening intervention
T – Transport to definite care

45. Step – 1 -> Shortening:
Categorise the people by following
steps :
Able to walk – 3rt priority
Purposeful
. Movement – 2nd priority
Life
. Threatening – 1st priority

46. Step 2 -> Assessment :
Here for individual assessment, we
use “RPM”formula.
R – Respiration
P - pulse or perfusion
M – Mental status

48. Step 3 -> life threatening
intervention:
life threatening intervention
includes,
. CPR( Cardio pulmonary
resuscitation)
. Bleeding control
. Needle thoracocentesis (
aseptic manner)

49. Step 4 -> TRANSPORT :
Transport the patient from the
out hospital or disaster area to to
definite care…
It includes,
Air ambulance transport
Road way ambulance.

50. Incidence management – setup:
Incident commenter
|
Puplic information
Officer. . Safety officer
|
Liaison officer
|
. |. |. |. |
Planning /
Thinkers
Logistics /
Getter
Operation /
Doer
Finance /
Payers

52. In hospital disaster

53. In hospital disaster :
It occurs when the increased
number of peoples ( mass casualty)
admitted in hospital / more than
resources ( no. Of beds,
equipments,etc..)
causes :
1. Improper identification, traiage
. 2. Lack of supplies
. 3. Poor communication network

54. Classess :
• Class A – No disturbance in roudine
work
• Class B – Minor disturbance, need
some modifications
• Class C – Major disturbance of routine
work

55. Management

56. IHD – Management :
Management on,
1. Number of beds :
Here we increase the
capacity by car barking, waranta to wards
and ICUs….; Discharge the admitted
patient who don’t need emergent care in
hospital…

57. IHD – Management :
2. Next , Need of Medicines,
equipments, staffs:
>We can buy medication
and equipments in near by hospital/
near by district health care facility, stack
hold…
> We can post the
temporary staffs to manage the staff
insufficiency

58. Hospital admission formula:
• For occupancy :
No.of cases we have to treat/ hr = 3% of
total hospital beds

59. Post impact phase , Mitigation:
Post impact phase is a disaster recovery
phase.
. In this,
✓ Displace the people’s from their origin
✓ Reconstruction process
✓ Rehabilitation process ( Financial,
physical, psychological)

61. Mitigation :
Mitigation means reduce the risk of
disaster…..or prevention
Mitigation – Pneumonic:
“ PRE – DISASTER “
P – Planning and practice.
R – Resilience
E – Education

62. Disaster management in INDIA

66. International agencies – Disaster management

67. • IAEM – Intervention association of emergency
manager’s
• Non – profit agencies:
• United nations
• Red cross
• World bank
• Europian union