The document outlines several key principles and phases of disaster management:
- Principles include that disaster management is a shared responsibility across all levels of government, uses existing day-to-day resources, involves organizations playing roles aligned with their core functions, and recognizes the roles of individuals and non-government agencies.
- Phases include preparedness, impact assessment, response (including relief and rehabilitation), and mitigation. Response involves search and rescue, field care, triage (including sorting casualties into immediate, delayed, minor, and expectant categories based on need), and medical treatment. International and non-profit agencies also play roles.
This ppt is about the whole framework of Disaster Risk Management in India and its structure in India. Furthermore, it highlights the issue, challenges and suggestions regarding the September, 2014 Floods in Jammu and Kashmir state.
Everything you need to know about a disaster and their management. The slides start with an introduction of disaster their types, effects, and preventions to the initiatives taken by the government to manage reliefs and readiness.
This ppt is about the whole framework of Disaster Risk Management in India and its structure in India. Furthermore, it highlights the issue, challenges and suggestions regarding the September, 2014 Floods in Jammu and Kashmir state.
Everything you need to know about a disaster and their management. The slides start with an introduction of disaster their types, effects, and preventions to the initiatives taken by the government to manage reliefs and readiness.
Disaster Management.......
Be prepared of all the disasters
it can happen any time anywhere.......so be prepared
be prepared for everything
don't panic
for more details about the presentation
contact
anishrajgoyal09rockstar@gmail.com
Phases of Disaster Management and Its Applications (Bangladesh)Jasarat Atun
Phases of Disaster Management. The DM cycle. Impact - Response - Recovery - Mitigation - Preparedness
Applications of disaster management
Community based disaster management
The presentation covers various aspects of DM like the type of disasters, scientific approach, disaster cycle, zones, Incident command, triage, Hospital plan, communication, statutory structure, and support organizations
What you will learn
- To understand the events that will occur during a geological disaster
- To prepare you to perform the roles, responsibilities
- To understand the role of international organization in disaster management
Disaster Management.......
Be prepared of all the disasters
it can happen any time anywhere.......so be prepared
be prepared for everything
don't panic
for more details about the presentation
contact
anishrajgoyal09rockstar@gmail.com
Phases of Disaster Management and Its Applications (Bangladesh)Jasarat Atun
Phases of Disaster Management. The DM cycle. Impact - Response - Recovery - Mitigation - Preparedness
Applications of disaster management
Community based disaster management
The presentation covers various aspects of DM like the type of disasters, scientific approach, disaster cycle, zones, Incident command, triage, Hospital plan, communication, statutory structure, and support organizations
What you will learn
- To understand the events that will occur during a geological disaster
- To prepare you to perform the roles, responsibilities
- To understand the role of international organization in disaster management
hey this is Vedika Agrawal
this presentation is to explain about disaster management considering how to prepare for emergencies..
the source of information is research work and internet
Measures taken in anticipation of a disaster to ensure that appropriate and effective actions are taken in the aftermath are known as Disaster Preparedness.
Program of Disaster Management in INdia.SurajSaini60
Disaster management is a crucial aspect of ensuring the safety and well-being of communities in the face of natural or man-made calamities. It encompasses a comprehensive set of strategies aimed at mitigating the impact of disasters, responding effectively during crises, facilitating recovery, and implementing measures to prevent or minimize future risks. At its core, disaster management involves proactive planning, coordination, and resource allocation to enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability to various hazards.
The first phase of disaster management is preparedness, where efforts are focused on building capacity, developing emergency response plans, and conducting training and drills to enhance readiness. This includes stockpiling essential supplies, establishing communication channels, and educating the public about safety measures. During the response phase, immediate actions are taken to address the emergency, including search and rescue operations, medical assistance, and evacuation efforts. Effective coordination among emergency responders and timely deployment of resources are critical for minimizing casualties and damage.
The recovery phase involves efforts to restore essential services, rebuild infrastructure, and provide support to affected individuals and communities. This includes assessing the extent of damage, mobilizing resources for reconstruction, and offering psychological counseling to those traumatized by the disaster. Additionally, the mitigation phase focuses on long-term strategies to reduce risks and vulnerabilities, such as implementing land-use planning measures, strengthening building codes, and raising awareness about disaster preparedness. By adopting a holistic approach to disaster management, communities can enhance their resilience and adaptability in the face of future challenges.
This ppt is related to subject Disaster Management & Mitigation Measures. This subject is in syllabus of Civil Engineering, 4th year. I hope, students will get proper notes for their subject.
5 9L O C A L G O V E R N M E N TIntegrating Emergency.docxalinainglis
5 9
L O C A L G O V E R N M E N T
Integrating Emergency and Disaster Planning
A critical point that is often over-
looked in emergency management
is that an emergency does not
begin or end with the incident
itself. How a community responds
and recovers from a disaster
depends on proper planning,
preparation, and integration of all
facets of government and of emer-
gency response into our emergency
operations plans (EOPs).
When we think of how a city might
respond to an emergency, we often
focus on firefighters, medics, and
police. They are all an important
part of emergency response, but
they are only a part. Just as criti-
cal are public works, community
services, finance, and administra-
tion. An integrated plan must
include all aspects of government
and how those aspects interrelate.
As we saw with Hurricane Katrina,
the disaster itself is only a small
part of an emergency. The logistics
of how you evacuate citizens, how
you support their needs, and how
you keep track of those citizens
and their needs are critical. How
services are restored, temporary
shelter is supplied, and everything
is funded must be planned for. An
integrated plan must also include
citizen preparedness, continuity of
government (COG), and continuity
of operations (COOP). It should be
coordinated with other local plans
as well as with regional and state
plans. It should encompass part-
nering with nongovernmental
agencies (NGOs) and preposi-
tioned contracts. It must consider
planning for citizens and animals.
It must embrace public facilities,
critical records, and possible relo-
cation. It is also critical that in
developing this plan, elected offi-
cials have a clear understanding of
how all the parts fit together.
Elected officials, especially those
from small communities (where
they are often employed part–
time), have myriad issues to face
every day. But one fact remains:
during a disaster, who are the citi-
zens going to look to for answers?
It is the duty of elected officials to
have a clear understanding of how
the community will respond. It is
also critical to understand the
process that emergency operations
plans present in order to work
smoothly with the EOP and not
create additional problems.
During a disaster, we elected offi-
cials still have a critical role to
play, but we are not necessarily
going to be the ones in charge.
Emergency management is not an
area where we can afford to let
egos get in the way.
A valuable resource we all have in
our communities is citizens who
want to help. However, if untrained,
these well-meaning citizens can
compound problems and make an
emergency even more critical and
dangerous. Rather than take a pass
on using these volunteers, offering
citizen-based training should be a
focus in the preparation portion of a
plan. Community Emergency Re-
sponse Training (CERT), Map your
Neighborhood (MYN), neighborhood
emergency teams, and many othe.
Similar to Disaster Management (ANP, MSC PREVIOUS) (20)
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
Unveiling CRISPR: This naturally occurring bacterial defense system (crRNA & Cas9 protein) fights viruses. Scientists repurposed it for precise gene editing (correction, deletion, insertion) by targeting specific DNA sequences.
The Promise: CRISPR offers exciting possibilities:
Gene Therapy: Correcting genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.
Agriculture: Engineering crops resistant to pests and harsh environments.
Research: Studying gene function to unlock new knowledge.
The Peril: Ethical concerns demand attention:
Off-target Effects: Unintended DNA edits can have unforeseen consequences.
Eugenics: Misusing CRISPR for designer babies raises social and ethical questions.
Equity: High costs could limit access to this potentially life-saving technology.
The Path Forward: Responsible development is crucial:
International Collaboration: Clear guidelines are needed for research and human trials.
Public Education: Open discussions ensure informed decisions about CRISPR.
Prioritize Safety and Ethics: Safety and ethical principles must be paramount.
CRISPR offers a powerful tool for a better future, but responsible development and addressing ethical concerns are essential. By prioritizing safety, fostering open dialogue, and ensuring equitable access, we can harness CRISPR's power for the benefit of all. (2998 characters)
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair A New Horizon in Nephrology.pptxR3 Stem Cell
R3 Stem Cells and Kidney Repair: A New Horizon in Nephrology" explores groundbreaking advancements in the use of R3 stem cells for kidney disease treatment. This insightful piece delves into the potential of these cells to regenerate damaged kidney tissue, offering new hope for patients and reshaping the future of nephrology.
Antibiotic Stewardship by Anushri Srivastava.pptxAnushriSrivastav
Stewardship is the act of taking good care of something.
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
WHO launched the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) in 2015 to fill knowledge gaps and inform strategies at all levels.
ACCORDING TO apic.org,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a coordinated program that promotes the appropriate use of antimicrobials (including antibiotics), improves patient outcomes, reduces microbial resistance, and decreases the spread of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms.
ACCORDING TO pewtrusts.org,
Antibiotic stewardship refers to efforts in doctors’ offices, hospitals, long term care facilities, and other health care settings to ensure that antibiotics are used only when necessary and appropriate
According to WHO,
Antimicrobial stewardship is a systematic approach to educate and support health care professionals to follow evidence-based guidelines for prescribing and administering antimicrobials
In 1996, John McGowan and Dale Gerding first applied the term antimicrobial stewardship, where they suggested a causal association between antimicrobial agent use and resistance. They also focused on the urgency of large-scale controlled trials of antimicrobial-use regulation employing sophisticated epidemiologic methods, molecular typing, and precise resistance mechanism analysis.
Antimicrobial Stewardship(AMS) refers to the optimal selection, dosing, and duration of antimicrobial treatment resulting in the best clinical outcome with minimal side effects to the patients and minimal impact on subsequent resistance.
According to the 2019 report, in the US, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections occur each year, and more than 35000 people die. In addition to this, it also mentioned that 223,900 cases of Clostridoides difficile occurred in 2017, of which 12800 people died. The report did not include viruses or parasites
VISION
Being proactive
Supporting optimal animal and human health
Exploring ways to reduce overall use of antimicrobials
Using the drugs that prevent and treat disease by killing microscopic organisms in a responsible way
GOAL
to prevent the generation and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Doing so will preserve the effectiveness of these drugs in animals and humans for years to come.
being to preserve human and animal health and the effectiveness of antimicrobial medications.
to implement a multidisciplinary approach in assembling a stewardship team to include an infectious disease physician, a clinical pharmacist with infectious diseases training, infection preventionist, and a close collaboration with the staff in the clinical microbiology laboratory
to prevent antimicrobial overuse, misuse and abuse.
to minimize the developme
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V PREVENTIVE-PEDIATRICS.pdfSachin Sharma
This content provides an overview of preventive pediatrics. It defines preventive pediatrics as preventing disease and promoting children's physical, mental, and social well-being to achieve positive health. It discusses antenatal, postnatal, and social preventive pediatrics. It also covers various child health programs like immunization, breastfeeding, ICDS, and the roles of organizations like WHO, UNICEF, and nurses in preventive pediatrics.
Global launch of the Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index 2nd wave – alongside...ILC- UK
The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
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Disaster Management (ANP, MSC PREVIOUS)
1. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
ANP, MSC PREVIOUS
DIVYESH PAL SINGH,
MSC NURSING
GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING, UDAIPUR
PBBSC
GEETANJALI COLLEGE OF NURSING, UDAIPUR
GNM
PADAMSHREE NURSING INSTITUTE, FALNA
DIVYESH
2. GOAL
• The goal of disaster management is the
safety and sustainability of human lives.
• Safety is related to avoiding death and
injuries to human lives during a disaster.
• Sustainability is related to livelihood,
socioeconomic, cultural, environmental and
psychological aspects
DIVYESH
3. PRINCIPLES
1. Disaster management is the responsibility of
all spheres of government
2. Disaster management should use resources
that exist for a day-to-day
3. Organizations should function as an
extension of their core business
4. Individuals are responsible for their own
safety
5. Disaster management planning should focus
on large-scale events
6. Disaster management planning should
recognize the difference between incidents
and disasters
7. Disaster management operational
arrangements are additional to and do not
replace incident management operational
arrangements
8. Disaster management planning must take
account of the type of physical environment
and the structure of the population
9. Disaster management arrangements must
recognize the involvement and potential role
of non- government agencies
Disaster management is the
responsibility of all spheres
of government: No single
service or department in itself
has the capability to achieve
comprehensive disaster
management. Each affected
service or department must
have a disaster management
plan which is coordinated
through the Disaster
Management Advisory Forum
DIVYESH
4. PRINCIPLES
1. Disaster management is the responsibility of
all spheres of government
2. Disaster management should use resources
that exist for a day-to-day
3. Organizations should function as an
extension of their core business
4. Individuals are responsible for their own
safety
5. Disaster management planning should focus
on large-scale events
6. Disaster management planning should
recognize the difference between incidents
and disasters
7. Disaster management operational
arrangements are additional to and do not
replace incident management operational
arrangements
8. Disaster management planning must take
account of the type of physical environment
and the structure of the population
9. Disaster management arrangements must
recognize the involvement and potential role
of non- government agencies
Disaster management should
use resources that exist for a
day-to-day purpose: There are
limited resources available
specifically for disasters, and
it would be neither cost
effective nor practical to have
large holdings of dedicated
disaster resources. However,
municipalities must ensure
that there is a minimum
budget allocation to enable
appropriate response to
incidents as they arise, and to
prepare for and reduce the
risk of disasters occurring.
DIVYESH
5. PRINCIPLES
1. Disaster management is the responsibility of
all spheres of government
2. Disaster management should use resources
that exist for a day-to-day
3. Organizations should function as an
extension of their core business
4. Individuals are responsible for their own
safety
5. Disaster management planning should focus
on large-scale events
6. Disaster management planning should
recognize the difference between incidents
and disasters
7. Disaster management operational
arrangements are additional to and do not
replace incident management operational
arrangements
8. Disaster management planning must take
account of the type of physical environment
and the structure of the population
9. Disaster management arrangements must
recognize the involvement and potential role
of non- government agencies
Organizations should
function as an extension of
their core business: Disaster
management is about the use
of resources in the most
effective manner. To achieve
this during disasters,
organizations should be
employed in a manner that
reflects their day-to-day role.
But it should be done in a
coordinated manner across all
relevant organizations, so
that it is multidisciplinary and
multi-agency.
DIVYESH
6. PRINCIPLES
1. Disaster management is the responsibility of
all spheres of government
2. Disaster management should use resources
that exist for a day-to-day
3. Organizations should function as an
extension of their core business
4. Individuals are responsible for their own
safety
5. Disaster management planning should focus
on large-scale events
6. Disaster management planning should
recognize the difference between incidents
and disasters
7. Disaster management operational
arrangements are additional to and do not
replace incident management operational
arrangements
8. Disaster management planning must take
account of the type of physical environment
and the structure of the population
9. Disaster management arrangements must
recognize the involvement and potential role
of non- government agencies
Individuals are responsible
for their own safety:
Individuals need to be
aware of the hazards that
could affect their
community and the counter
measures, which include
the Municipal Disaster
Management Plan, that are
in place to deal with them.
DIVYESH
7. PRINCIPLES
1. Disaster management is the responsibility of
all spheres of government
2. Disaster management should use resources
that exist for a day-to-day
3. Organizations should function as an
extension of their core business
4. Individuals are responsible for their own
safety
5. Disaster management planning should focus
on large-scale events
6. Disaster management planning should
recognize the difference between incidents
and disasters
7. Disaster management operational
arrangements are additional to and do not
replace incident management operational
arrangements
8. Disaster management planning must take
account of the type of physical environment
and the structure of the population
9. Disaster management arrangements must
recognize the involvement and potential role
of non- government agencies
Disaster management
planning should focus on
large-scale events: It is easier
to scale down a response
than it is to scale up if
arrangements have been
based on incident scale
events. If you are well
prepared for a major disaster
you will be able to respond
very well to smaller incidents
and emergencies,
nevertheless, good multi
agency responses to incidents
do help in the event of a
major disaster.
DIVYESH
8. PRINCIPLES
1. Disaster management is the responsibility of
all spheres of government
2. Disaster management should use resources
that exist for a day-to-day
3. Organizations should function as an
extension of their core business
4. Individuals are responsible for their own
safety
5. Disaster management planning should focus
on large-scale events
6. Disaster management planning should
recognize the difference between incidents
and disasters
7. Disaster management operational
arrangements are additional to and do not
replace incident management operational
arrangements
8. Disaster management planning must take
account of the type of physical environment
and the structure of the population
9. Disaster management arrangements must
recognize the involvement and potential role
of non- government agencies
Disaster management
planning should recognize
the difference between
incidents and disasters:
Incidents - e.g. fires that occur
in informal settlements,
floods that occur regularly,
still require multi-agency and
multi-jurisdictional
coordination. The scale of the
disaster will indicate when it
is beyond the capacity of the
municipality to respond, and
when it needs the
involvement of other
agencies.
DIVYESH
9. PRINCIPLES
1. Disaster management is the responsibility of
all spheres of government
2. Disaster management should use resources
that exist for a day-to-day
3. Organizations should function as an
extension of their core business
4. Individuals are responsible for their own
safety
5. Disaster management planning should focus
on large-scale events
6. Disaster management planning should
recognize the difference between incidents
and disasters
7. Disaster management operational
arrangements are additional to and do not
replace incident management operational
arrangements
8. Disaster management planning must take
account of the type of physical environment
and the structure of the population
9. Disaster management arrangements must
recognize the involvement and potential role
of non- government agencies
Disaster management
operational arrangements
are additional to and do
not replace incident
management operational
arrangements: Single
service incident
management operational
arrangements will need to
continue, whenever
practical, during disaster
operations.
DIVYESH
10. PRINCIPLES
1. Disaster management is the responsibility of
all spheres of government
2. Disaster management should use resources
that exist for a day-to-day
3. Organizations should function as an
extension of their core business
4. Individuals are responsible for their own
safety
5. Disaster management planning should focus
on large-scale events
6. Disaster management planning should
recognize the difference between incidents
and disasters
7. Disaster management operational
arrangements are additional to and do not
replace incident management operational
arrangements
8. Disaster management planning must take
account of the type of physical environment
and the structure of the population
9. Disaster management arrangements must
recognize the involvement and potential role
of non- government agencies
Disaster management
planning must take account
of the type of physical
environment and the
structure of the population:
The physical shape and size of
the Municipality and the
spread of population must be
considered when developing
counter disaster plans to
ensure that appropriate
prevention, preparation,
response and recovery
mechanisms can be put in
place in a timely manner.
DIVYESH
11. PRINCIPLES
1. Disaster management is the responsibility of
all spheres of government
2. Disaster management should use resources
that exist for a day-to-day
3. Organizations should function as an
extension of their core business
4. Individuals are responsible for their own
safety
5. Disaster management planning should focus
on large-scale events
6. Disaster management planning should
recognize the difference between incidents
and disasters
7. Disaster management operational
arrangements are additional to and do not
replace incident management operational
arrangements
8. Disaster management planning must take
account of the type of physical environment
and the structure of the population
9. Disaster management arrangements must
recognize the involvement and potential role
of non- government agencies
Disaster management
arrangements must
recognize the involvement
and potential role of non-
government agencies:
Significant skills and
resources needed during
disaster operations are
controlled by non-
government agencies.
These agencies must be
consulted and included in
the planning process.
DIVYESH
12. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
These are fundamental aspects of
disaster management
Disaster Preparedness
Disaster impact
Disaster Response
Relief Phase
Rehabilitation Phase
Disaster MitigationDIVYESH
14. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
3. Disaster Response
4. Disaster Mitigation
It is an ongoing multisectorial activity, consists of
strengthening the capacity of a country to manage
efficiently all types of emergencies, so that the
resources should be able to provide assistance to
the victims and bring back the life to normal. The
preparedness should start from the community
people because many times the external agency
may not arrive for days to the affected area,
especially if transportation and communication are
affected.
• Preparedness should be in the form of money,
manpower and materials
• Evaluation from past experiences about risk
• Location of disaster prone areas
• Organization of communication, information
and warning system
• Ensuring co-ordination and response
mechanisms
DIVYESH
15. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
1. The International
Agencies
2. Non Governmental
Organizations
2. Disaster impact
3. Disaster Response
4. Disaster Mitigation
• Development of public education programme
• Co-ordination with media
• National & international relations
• Keeping stock of foods, drug and other
essential commodities.
The International Agencies
• Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian
Affair (OCHA)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• UNICEF
• World Food Programme (WFP)
• Food & Agricultural Organisation (FAD)
Non Governmental Organizations
• Co-Operative American Relief Every where
(CARE)
• International committee of Red cross
• International committee of Red crossDIVYESH
16. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
1. Search, rescue and first
aid
2. Field care
3. Disaster Response
4. Disaster Mitigation
Medical treatment for large number of causalities is
likely to be needed only after certain type of
disaster. Most injuries are sustained during the
impact, and thus, the greatest need for emergency
care occurs in the first few hours.
The management of mass causalities can be further
divided into search and rescue, first aid, triage and
stabilization of victims, hospital treatment and
redistribution of patients to other hospital if
necessary.
Search, rescue and first aid: After a major disaster,
the need for search, rescue and first aid is likely to
be so great that organized relief services will be
able to meet only a small fraction of the demand.
Most immediate help comes from the uninjured
survivors.
Field care: Most injured person’s coverage
spontaneously to health facilities, using whatever
transport is available, regardless of the facilities,
operating status.
DIVYESH
17. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
1. Search, rescue and
first aid
2. Field care
3. Triage
1. Shorting
3. Disaster Response
4. Disaster Mitigation
Providing proper care to the casualties requires that
the health service resources be redirected to this
new priority. Bed availability and surgical services
should be maximized. Provisions should be made
for food and shelter. A centre should be established
to respond from inquiries from patient’s relatives
and friends. Priority should be given to victim’s
identification and adequate mortuary space should
be provided.
Triage
Triage consists of rapidly classifying the injured on
the bases of severity of their injuries and the
likelihood of their survival with prompt medical
intervention.
Sorting casualties for the purpose of assigning
priorities: Triage should be carried out at the site of
disaster in order to determine transportation
priority and admission to the hospital or treatment
center where the patients needs an priority of
medical care will be reassessed.
DIVYESH
18. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
1. Search, rescue and
first aid
2. Field care
3. Triage
1. Immediate
3. Disaster Response
4. Disaster Mitigation
Golden hour: A seriously injured patient has one
hour in which they need to receive Advanced
Trauma Life Support. This is referred to as the
golden hour Triage helps to support this golden
hour concept by identifying the most seriously
injured patients so that they may be
treated/transported first.
Immediate or high priority: Higher priority is
granted to victims who’s immediate or long term
prognosis can be dramatically affected by simple
intensive care.
• Immediate patients are at risk for early death
• They usually fall into one of two categories.
They are in shock from severe blood loss or they
have severe head injury
• These patients should be transported as soon as
possible
• If the patient passes the RPM assessment, they
are placed in the delayed categoryDIVYESH
19. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
1. Search, rescue and
first aid
2. Field care
3. Triage
1. Immediate
2. Delayed
3. Disaster Response
4. Disaster Mitigation
Delayed or medium priority: Because patients are
categorized, “Delayed” does not mean that they
may not have serious injuries; It just means that
they are not at high risk for death
• Delayed patients may have injuries that span a
wide range
• They may not be able to join the walking
wounded because of a broken ankle
• They may have severe internal injuries, but are
still compensating
• It is important that the delayed patients are
frequently reassessed and further prioritized for
transport. This will usually be done in a central
treatment area
– Delayed patients have:
» under 30/minutes
» Capillary refill under 2 seconds
» Can do-follow simple commandsDIVYESH
20. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
1. Search, rescue and
first aid
2. Field care
3. Triage
1. Immediate
2. Delayed
3. Minor
4. Expectant
3. Disaster Response
4. Disaster Mitigation
Minor or minimal or ambulatory patients:
• Patients with minor lacerations, contusions,
sprains, superficial burns are identified as
“minor/minimal”
• These patients will not suffer significant
morbidity if no medical intervention is
performed
Expectant or least priority
• Morbid patients who require a great deal of
attention with questionable benefit have the
lowest priority.
• Patients with whom there are signs of
impending death or massive injuries with poor
likelihood of survival are labeled as expectant
• These are patients with penetrating head
wounds, high spinal cord injuries, second or
third degree burns with greater than 60 percent
of total body surface area, profound shock with
agonal respirationsDIVYESH
21. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
3. Disaster Response
4. Disaster Mitigation
Colour code: The most common classification uses
the internationally accepted four colour code
system.
• Red indicate high priority treatment or transfer
• Yellow signals medium priority
• Green indicate ambulatory patients
• Black indicates dead or moribund patients
Triage should be carried out at the site of disaster,
in order to determine transportation priority, and
the admission to the hospital or treatment centers,
where the patient’s needs and priority of medical
care will be reassessed. Ideally, local health workers
should be taught the principles of triage as part of
disaster training.
Person with minor or moderate injuries should be
treated at their own homes to avoid social
dislocation and the seriously injured should be
transported to hospital with specialized treatment
facilities DIVYESH
22. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
3. Disaster Response
4. Disaster Mitigation
Tagging: All patients should be identified with tags
stating their name, age, place of origin, triage
category, diagnosis, and initial treatment.
Identification of dead: Taking care of the dead is an
essential part of the disaster management. A large
number of deaths can also impede the efficiency of
the rescue activities at the site of the disaster.
Care of the dead includes:
• Removable of the dead from the disaster scene;
• Shifting to the mortuary;
• Identification;
• Reception of relatives. Proper respect for the
dead is great importance.
DIVYESH
23. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
3. Disaster Response
1. RELIFE PHASE
4. Disaster Mitigation
This is carried out under the following phases:
1. RELIEF PHASE
2. REHABILITATIVE PHASE
RELIEF PHASE
• This phase begins when assistance from outside
starts to reach the disaster area. The type and
quantity of humanitarian relief supplies are
usually determined by two main factors:
• The type of disaster, since distinct events have
different effects on the population, and
• The type and quantity of supplies available
locally.
Immediately following a disaster, the most critical
health supplies are those needed for treating
casualties, and preventing the spread of
communicable diseases. Following the initial
emergency phase, needed supplies will include…DIVYESH
24. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
3. Disaster Response
1. RELIFE PHASE
4. Disaster Mitigation
blankets, clothing, shelter, sanitary engineering
equipments and construction material. A rapid
damage assessment must be carried out in order to
identify needs and resources.
Disaster managers must be prepared to receive
large quantities of donations. There are four
principle components in managing humanitarian
supplies:
– Acquisition of supplies;
– Transportation;
– Storage; and
– Distribution.
The relief phase mainly includes Epidemiologic
surveillance and disease control, Vaccination and
nutrition.
Epidemiologic surveillance and disease control:
Disasters can increase the transmission of
communicable diseases through following
mechanisms:
DIVYESH
25. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
3. Disaster Response
1. RELIFE PHASE
4. Disaster Mitigation
• Overcrowding and poor sanitation in temporary
resettlements.
• Disruption and the contamination of water
supply,
• damage to sewerage system and power systems
are common in natural disasters.
• Disruption of routine control programmes as
funds and personnel are usually diverted to
relief work.
• Ecological changes may favour breeding of
vectors and increase the vector population
density.
DIVYESH
26. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
3. Disaster Response
1. RELIFE PHASE
4. Disaster Mitigation
• Displacement of domestic and wild animals,
which carry with them zoonoses that can be
transmitted to humans as well as other animals.
Leprosies cases have been reported following
large floods. Anthrax has been reported
occasionally.
• Provision of emergency food, water and shelter
in disaster situation from different or new
source may itself be a source of infectious
disease.
• Outbreak of gastroenteritis, which is the most
commonly reported disease in the post- disaster
period, is closely related to first three factors
mentioned above. Increased incidents of acute
respiratory infections also common in displaced
population. Vector- borne diseases will not
appear immediately but may take several weeks
to reach epidemic levels.
DIVYESH
27. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
3. Disaster Response
1. RELIFE PHASE
1. Vaccination
4. Disaster Mitigation
Vaccination
Health authorities are often under
considerable public and political pressure to begin
mass vaccination programmes, usually against
typhoid, cholera and tetanus.
Vaccination programme requires large number of
workers who could be better employed elsewhere.
DIVYESH
28. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
3. Disaster Response
1. RELIFE PHASE
1. Vaccination
2. Nutrition
4. Disaster Mitigation
Nutrition: A natural disaster may affect the
nutritional status of the population by affecting one
or more components of food chain depending on
the type, duration and extent of the disaster.
The immediate step of ensuring that the food relief
programme will be effective includes:
• Assessing the food supplies after the disaster;
• Gauging the nutritional needs of the affected
population;
• Calculating daily ration foods and need for large
population groups;
• Monitoring the nutritional status of the
affected population.
DIVYESH
29. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
3. Disaster Response
1. RELIFE PHASE
1. Vaccination
2. Nutrition
2. REHABILITAION
PHASE
4. Disaster Mitigation
REHABILITAION PHASE
This should be started from the time of onset of
disaster to see that the normal conditions of life
are restored as early aS possible.
DIVYESH
30. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
3. Disaster Response
1. RELIFE PHASE
1. Vaccination
2. Nutrition
2. REHABILITAION
PHASE
1. Water Supply
2. Food Safety
3. Basic
Sanitation &
personal
hygiene
4. Vector Control
4. Disaster Mitigation
1. Water Supply
2.Food Safety
3.Basic Sanitation
& personal
hygiene
4.Vector Control
DIVYESH
31. PHASES OF DISASTER MGT.
1. Disaster Preparedness
2. Disaster impact
3. Disaster Response
4. Rehabilitation
5. Disaster Mitigation
This involves lessening the likely effects of
emergencies.
These include depending upon the disaster,
protection of vulnerable population and structure.
For examples, improving structural qualities of
schools, houses and such other buildings so that
medical causalities can be minimized.
Similarly ensuring the safety of health facilities and
public health services including water supply and
sewerage system to reduce the cost of
rehabilitation and reconstruction.
This mitigation compliments the disaster
preparedness and disaster response activities.
DIVYESH
32. ROLE OF NURSE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
1. In Disaster
Preparedness
2. In Disaster Response
3. In Disaster Recovery
• To Facilitate preparation with community:
Facilitating preparation within the community
and place of employment within employing
organization the nurse can help initiate updating
disaster plan, provide educational programmes
& Material regarding disasters specific to areas.
• To provide updated record of vulnerable
populations within community: The nurse
should be involved in educating these
populations about what impact the disaster
have / cause on them. Review availability of
specific resources, in the event of an emergency.
• Nurse leads a preparedness effort: Nurse can
help recruit others within the organization that
will help when a response is required. It is wise
to involve person in these efforts who
demonstrate flexibility, decisiveness, stamina,
endurance and emotional stability.
• Nurse play multiroles in community: Nurse
might be involved in many roles.
DIVYESH
33. ROLE OF NURSE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
1. In Disaster
Preparedness
2. In Disaster Response
3. In Disaster Recovery
As a community advocate, the nurse
should always seek to keep a safe
environment. She must assess and report
environmental hazards. Eg: Nurse should
be aware of & report unsafe equipment.
• Nurse should have understanding of community
resources: Nurse should have an understanding
UP what community resources will be available
after a disaster strikes and how community will
work together. A community wide disaster plan
will guide the nurse in understanding what
should occur before, during and of to the
response and his or her role with in the plan.
• Disaster Nurse must be involved in community
organization: Nurse who sects greater
involvement or a more in-depth understanding
of disaster management can become involved
any number of community organizations and the
peat of official response team such as the
American Red cross, American Red cross,
DIVYESH
34. ROLE OF NURSE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
1. In Disaster
Preparedness
2. In Disaster Response
3. In Disaster Recovery
• Nurse must involve in community assessment,
case finding and referring, prevention, health
education and surveillance
• Once rescue workers begin to arrive at the
scene, immediate plans for triage should begin.
Triage is the process of separating causalities
and allocating treatment based on the victims
potential for survival. Higher priority is always
given to victim’s potential who have life
threatening injuries but who have a high
probability of survival once stabilized.
• Second Priority is given to victims who have
injuries with systemic complications that are not
yet life threatening but who can wait up to 45-60
minutes of treatment. Last priority in given to
those victims who have local injuries without
immediate complications and who can wait
several hours for medical attention
DIVYESH
35. ROLE OF NURSE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
1. In Disaster
Preparedness
2. In Disaster Response
3. In Disaster Recovery
• Nurse work a member of assessment team
– Nurse working as members of an assessment
team have the responsibility of give accurate
peed back to relief managers to facilities
rapid rescue and recovery. Eg: Manytimes
nurses are required to make homevisite to
galties needed information. Type of
information included in initial assessment
report include geographical extend of
disasters impact population at risk or
affected, presence of contincing hozuds
injuries and dislike, availability of shelter,
current leved of sanitation & status of health
care infrastructures.
• To be involved in ongoing surveillance
– Nurse involved in ongoing surveillance uses
the following methods to gather information
– interview, observation, physical
examination, health and illness screening
surveys, records etc.
DIVYESH
36. ROLE OF NURSE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
1. In Disaster
Preparedness
2. In Disaster Response
3. In Disaster Recovery
• Successful Recovery Preparation: Flexibility is an
important component of successful recovery
preaparation. Community clean up efforts can
incure a host of physical and psychological
problems. Eg: Physical stress of moving heavy
objects can cause back injury, severe fatigue and
even death from heat attacks.
• Be vigilant in Health teaching: The continuing
threat of communicable disease will continue as
long as the water supply remains threat and the
relieving conditions remain crowded. Nurses
must remain vigilant in teaching proper hygiene
and making sure vigilant in teaching proper
hygiene and making sure immunization records
are up to date.
• Psychological support: Acute and chronic illness
can be exacerbated by prolonged effects of
disaster. The psychological stress of cleanup and
moving can bring about feelings of severe
hopelessness, depression and grip.
DIVYESH
37. ROLE OF NURSE IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT
1. In Disaster
Preparedness
2. In Disaster Response
3. In Disaster Recovery
• Referrals to hospital as needed: Stress can lead
to suicide and domestic abuse. Although most
people recovery from disasters, mental distress
may persist in those vulnerable populations
referrals to mental health professionals should
continue as long as the need exists.
• Remain alert for environmental health: Nurse
must also remain alert for environment health
hazards during recovery phase of a disaster.
Home visit may lead the nurse to uncover
situations such as faculty having structure, lack
of water supply or lack of electricity.
• Nurse must be attentive to the danger: Nurse
must be attentive to dangers of live or dead
animals and rodents which are harmful to
person’s health. Eg: finding snakes in and
around homes once water from flood start to
reduce.
DIVYESH