The document discusses the concept of disability, including its definitions, types, characteristics, causes, and the distinction between disability and impairment. It highlights the need for inclusive education and describes various disabilities such as hearing, visual, speech impairments, and others. Additionally, it addresses the developmental stages and factors affecting disabilities, underscoring the impact on an individual's ability to perform daily activities.

1. Understanding the disability
1
DR. C. BEULAH JAYARANI
M.Sc., M.A, M.Ed, M.Phil (Edn), M.Phil (ZOO),
NET, Ph.D (Edn)
ASST. PROFESSOR,
LOYOLA COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, CHENNAI - 34

2. Unit -1
Understanding the disability
• NEED OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
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3. Unit i-Understanding the disability
• Meaning and Definition of disability
• Meaning and definition of impairment
• Difference between disability and impairment
• Characteristics of disabilities
• Causes of disabilities
Types of Disabilities
1. Hearing impairment
2. Speech impairment
3. Visual impairment
4. Morbidity/Physicallychallenged
5. Psychologicaldisorders
6. Mentally retarded
7. Cerebral palsy
8. Multiple disability

4. handicap
•Handicap is a disadvantage, for a
given individual, resulting from
impairment or a disability, which
prevents the fulfilment of a role that
is considered normal ( depending on
a age, sex, and social and cultural
factors) for that individual.
Handicap refers to the way impairment
restricts aperson's functioning
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5. meaning of impairment
Impairment is the loss of an
organ or the defect in structure
and function of the organs of a
person. This defect may be
temporary or permanent.
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6. impairment
•For Example
•Those who lost their hearing
capacity are known as “
Hearing impaired”
•Likewise , those who lost
their vision are called as “
Visually impaired”
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7. impairment
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8. meaning of disability
• A disability is any condition of the body or mind
(impairment) that makes it more difficult for the
person with the condition to do certain activities
(activity limitation) and interact with the world
around them
According to The Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016. "Person with disability"
means a person with long term physical, mental, intellectual or sensory
impairment which, in interaction with barriers, hinders his full and effective
participation in society equally with others.
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9. • A disability is a physical or mental
problem that makes it difficult or
impossible for a person to walk,
see, hear, speak, learn, or do other
important things. Some disabilities
are permanent, or last forever. A
disability can be something a
person was born with. Or it can be
the result of an illness or an
accident.
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10. disability
In brief , disability refers to the
condition where one could not perform
his activities as of a normal person
difficulty in undertaking or experience
various day-to-day activities .
§Disability = Impairment in body organs
+inability to perform certain task like
normal persons + Lack of ability to
perform day-to-day activities.
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11. disability
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12. characteristics of disabilities
1. Due to loss or abnormality of physical organs (e.g.) mal-formation of
limbs, cleft lip, disfigured fingers.
Disorders due to disfunctioning of organs of the body even though they
may have normal anatomical structure.
Impairment of organs of the body.
Due to genetic disorders, developmental defects, accidents or diseases,
opportunities and facilities in the society.
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13. characteristics of disabilities……
Due to the limitation of one’s functioning arising from impairments.
Due to the inability to undertake activities of daily life like others. i.e. one’s
functional efficiency getting affected.
The degree of disability could be reduced with the use of appropriate
equipments and appliances.
The handicap arising out of disability could be greatly reduced by providing
appropriate
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14. caUses of disability
Problems during
delivery
Genetic disorder
Diseases (Polio,
Brain fever,..)
Artificial
fertilization
Severe
malnutrition
Severe accident
Adverse effects of
drugs consumed
during pregnancy
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15. difference between disability and
impairment
IMPAIRMENT
• Impairment refers to a problem with a
structureor organ of the body
• Impairment is theactual condition
• Impairment describes problems at the
tissuelevel.
• Impairment is any loss ofnormal physical or
mental abilities.
• Impairments are usuallythe result of disease,
illness, or injury.
DISABILITY
• Disability is a functional limitation with
regard to aparticular activity
• Disability is the restriction of ability caused by
the condition.
• Disability usually refers to difficulty carrying
out tasks or activities of daily life.
• The disabled person can’ttake care of him or
herself. Eg: disability from a back injury
might mean theperson can no longer get
dressed or bathe without help.
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16. developmental stages
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17. stages of growth and development
PRENATAL STAGE
PERINATAL STAGE
POSTNATAL STAGE
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18. stages of prenatal development
• Zygotic (or Germinal) Stage 0-2 weeks
• Embryonic Stage 2-8 weeks
• Fetal Stage 9-40 weeks

19. MONTHS HEIGHT WEIGHT
2 months 1 ” long 1 / 13 Ounce
3 months 3 ” long 1 Ounce
4 months 9 ” long 6 Ounces
5 months 12 ” long 14 Ounces
6 months 14 ” long 20 Ounces
7 months 16 ” long 3 - 4 Pounds
8 months 18 ” long 5 – 6 Pounds
9 months 20 ” long 7.5 Pounds

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21. 4/13/2022
growth in week wise
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22. prenatal stage
• Poor health
• Age factor
• Previous pregnant problems
• Use of drugs by the pregnant mother
without consultation of Doctor can cause
mental retardation
• Use of alcohol by the mother
• Exposure of X – ray
• Infections
• Illness
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23. perinatal stage
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24. perinatal (dUring birth process)
• Delayed Labour – Amniotic Fluid
• Breech Delivery (Buttocks Or Feet)
• Delayed Birth Cry
• Sudden Delivery - Constipation
Problem
• Baby Big – Virginal Small
• Pre Matured Baby
• Low Birth Weight
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25. INFANCY
Birth to 2 yrs
EARLY CHILDHOOD
2 yrs to 6 yrs
LATER CHILDHOOD
6 yrs to 12 yrs
ADOLESCENCE
13 yrs to 20 yrs
YOUNG ADULTHOOD
20 yrs to 40 yrs
MATURE ADULTHOOD / MIDDLE
AGE
40 yrs to 60 yrs
AGED ADULTHOOD / OLD AGE
Over 60 yrs
postnatal stage
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26. 7 * 1 = 7 Enters into kids stage
7 * 2 = 14 Enters into adolescent age
7 * 3 = 21 Enters into Marry Age
7 * 4 = 28 Great position Father / Mother
7 * 5 = 35 In the Field of Family
7 * 6 = 42 Feeling Responsible
7 * 7 = 49 Old Age welcomes you
7 * 8 = 56 Ready to get Retirement
7 * 9 = 63 Successful life in 60 years Party
7 * 10 = 70 No Hopes in our life

27. postnatal …… (after birth)
• Illnesses
• Accidents
• Poverty and cultural deprivation –
Children in poor families may become
mentally retarded because of:
– Malnutrition
– Disease-producing conditions
– Inadequate medical care
– Environmental health hazards
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28. • GENETIC INFLUENCE IN AUTISM
– MONOZYGOTIC (Identical twins) & DIZYGOTIC TWINS(Fraternal twins)
• VIRUS
– RUBELLA (Cough, Sore throat and Red spots on your skin)
• ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
– Toxin (Poisonous Substance produced by bacteria, animals or plants)
• DRUGS AND MEDICINES
– Intake of some drugs or medicines during pregnancy time
• DIABETIC
– Diabetes during pregnancy
• BRAIN DYSFUNCTION
– Due to lack of oxygen, injuries, abnormal development
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29. • Hearing impairment
• Speech impairment
• Visual impairment
• Morbidity/Physically challenged
• Psychological disorders
• Mentally retarded
• Cerebral palsy
• Multiple disability
Types of
Disabilities
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references
“Inclusive Education”
• TNTEU – Study Material
• Ram Publications
• Sri Krishna Publications
• Samyukdha Publications
• Google Images