The document discusses directing and managerial leadership. It defines directing as guiding workers to achieve organizational goals through supervision, motivation and communication. Characteristics of directing include being pervasive, continuous, involving human factors and being creative. Effective directing principles include harmony of objectives, maximum individual contribution and direct supervision.
Leadership is an important part of directing that involves qualities like self-confidence, ability to control people and dynamism. Leadership is a process of influence that requires accepting responsibility. Both leadership and management are important for organizational success, with leadership providing strategic focus and direction and management focusing on execution and achieving specific goals.