Differentiated instruction is an approach that recognizes students learn differently and aims to maximize their learning by employing various teaching strategies. It involves giving students various tools and content tailored to their individual needs and readiness levels. The goal is to advance all students by meeting them where they are. Teachers can differentiate by adjusting content, processes, or products based on factors like student interests and learning profiles. Some examples of activities that allow differentiation include brain busters, learning packets, centers, vocabulary work, and projects.