This document discusses diet and foods to include or avoid during diarrhea. It defines diarrhea and describes different types like secretory, osmotic, and motility-related diarrhea. Foods to avoid include fatty, high fiber, acidic, dairy, sugary, spicy foods and beans which can cause gas. Recommended foods are bananas, plain rice, boiled potatoes, toast, yogurt, cooked carrots and steamed chicken which are bland and easily digested. The document also provides symptoms of diarrhea and points to remember about treatment and seeing a doctor.

1. DIET IN DIARRHEA
BY
MRS SWATI MOHAPATRA

2. Diarrhea is a symptom of
gastrointestinal infections caused
by bacteria, viruses and other
microorganisms. It is defined as
loose, watery, unformed stools
occurring more than three times
in one day.

3. TYPES OF DIARRHEA
SECRETORY DIARRHEA
OSMOTIC DIARRHEA
 MOTILITY-RELATED DIARRHEA
INFLAMMATORY DIARRHEA
 DYSENTERY

4. SECRETORY DIARRHEA
Secretory diarrhea is a common form of
diarrhea that results when the digestive system
cannot absorb water properly causing abnormal
loss of water through the bowels. In healthy
humans, large amounts of water are secreted
into the small intestine lumen, but the majority
is absorbed before it gets to the large intestine.
When the amount of secretion exceeds the
amount of absorption, the balance is disrupted
resulting in diarrhea.

5. OSMOTIC DIARRHEA
Osmotic diarrhea occurs when too
much water is drawn into the bowels.
If a person drinks solutions with
excessive sugar or excessive salt,
these can draw water from the body
into the bowel and cause osmotic
diarrhea.

6. MOTILITY-RELATED DIARRHEA
. Motility-related diarrhea occurs when the
motility of the gastrointestinal tract is
abnormal. If the food moves too quickly,
there is not enough contact time between
the food and the membrane, meaning that
there is not enough time for the nutrients
and water to be absorbed.

7. •INFLAMMATORY DIARRHEA
Inflammatory diarrhea occurs when
there is damage to the mucosal lining or
brush border, which leads to a passive
loss of protein-rich fluids, and a
decreased ability to absorb these lost
fluids.

8. DYSENTERY
Dysentery is bloody diarrhea, any diarrhea
episode in which the loose or watery stools
contain visible red blood. Dysentery is most
often caused by Shigella species (bacillary
dysentery) or Entamoeba histolytica
(amoebic dysentery).

9. SYMPTOMS OF DIARRHEA
Crampy abdominal pain (or stomach pain)
Bloating
Nausea
An urgent need to use the bathroom
An inability to control the bowels (fecal incontinence)
Feeling sick to the stomach
Fever
Chills
Muscle aches or pain
Headache
Low heart rate
Joint pain
Alternating constipation
Blood in stool
Mucus in stool.

10. FOODS TO BE AVOID IN DIARRHEA
FATTY FOODS
Foods with a high fat content can speed up intestinal contractions
and cause a reaction to a system that is already sensitized.
Therefore, try not to eat anything that is greasy, fried, creamy, or
covered in gravy.

11. CITRUS FRUIT:
Citrus fruit is high in fiber, it can cause
intestinal distress for some people. Go easy
on oranges, grapefruit, and other citrus fruits
if your digestion is feeling queasy.

12. ARTIFICIAL SUGAR:
Chewing too much sugar-free gum made with sorbitol has
been found to cause diarrhea and cramping. Eating more than
50 grams of sorbitol a day may give you intestinal trouble. It's
not just gum, though -- excessive amounts of any food made
with this artificial sweetener might give you diarrhea. The
reason: Our bodies can't digest sorbitol.

13. TOO MUCH FIBER:
Foods high in fiber like whole grains and vegetables are good
for digestion. But if you start eating lots of them, your
digestive system may have trouble adjusting, resulting in gas
and bloating.

14. BEANS: GAS AND CRAMPING
A common source of trouble, beans contain indigestible
sugars that can cause gas and cramping. The human body
lacks enzymes to break down these sugars. Bacteria in our
guts do the work, giving off gas in the process. Soak dried
beans for at least four hours and pour off the water to
eliminate some of the indigestible sugars.

15. CABBAGE AND ITS COUSINS: GAS AND DIGESTIVE
DISTRESS
Cabbage, broccoli, and other cruciferous vegetables contain
the same indigestible sugars that make beans gassy. Their
high fiber content can also make them hard to digest if eaten
in excess. Cooking can help reduce the problem.

16. FRUCTOSE: DIARRHEA, BLOATING, CRAMPING
Foods sweetened with fructose -- including sodas, candy,
fruit juice, and pastries -- are difficult for some people to
digest, leading to diarrhea, bloating, cramping, and other
distress.

17. SPICY FOODS: HEARTBURN AND INDIGESTION
Some people experience indigestion or heartburn after eating
spicy foods, especially after a large meal. Some research
suggests that the hot ingredient in chili peppers, called
capsaicin, may trigger heartburn.

18. DAIRY PRODUCTS:
Dairy products can trigger diarrhea, bloating, gas, and other
intestinal distress. The condition stems from the lack of an
enzyme required to digest lactose, a sugar found in milk and
dairy products. Avoid or limit dairy products. Or try an over-the-
counter drop or pill containing the enzyme that breaks down
lactose

19. FOODS TO INCLUDE
:
As you recover from a bout of diarrhea, the best foods to start
eating are easily digested, high-carbohydrate foods. These
include
• Bananas
• Plain rice
• Boiled potatoes
• Toast
• Yogurt
• Cooked carrots
• Baked chicken without the skin or fat

20. BANANA
The banana is used as a dietary food against
intestinal disorders because of its soft
texture and blandness. It is said to contain
an unidentified compound called, perhaps
jokingly, 'vitamin U' (against ulcer). It is the
only raw fruit which can be eaten without
distress in chronic ulcer cases. It neutralizes
the over-acidity of the gastric juices and
reduces the irritation of the ulcer by coating
the lining of the stomach. Ripe banana are
highly beneficial in the treatment of
ulcerative colitis, being bland, smooth, easily
digestible and slightly laxative. They relieve
acute symptoms and promote the healing
Process.

21. PLAIN RICE AND BOIL
POTATOES
Talk about comfort food!
Due to their low-fiber
content, these starches
are easily digested way
up high in the GI tract.
Eat your rice and
potatoes plain; butter
has a high fat content,
which could be irritating
to your system and
contribute to intestinal
cramping.

22. BREAD
The bread called for on the B.R.A.T. diet is
white bread, not whole-grain, high-fiber
bread. White bread is soothing to a sore
stomach and the starch in it works as a
binding agent without the fiber that would
encourage elimination. Toast is usually
recommended, but white bread can also
be eaten un toasted. Do not add butter,
peanut butter or anything else that might
exacerbate the problem.

23. YOGURT
Yogurt contains live or active cultures, or
more specifically Lactobacillus acidophilus
and Bifidobacterium bifidum. These active
cultures are probiotics and they appear to
help to establish a healthier balance of
bacteria in the digestive tract.

24. COOKED CARROTS
The fiber contained in carrots
can help alleviate the problem
of the digestive system,
including the stomach and
intestines, and can help to slow
or stop the growth of bad
bacteria in the stomach. For
people with diarrhea should be
given carrot juice or carrot
soup.

25. STEAMED CHICKEN
Due to its bland nature, steamed white
meat chicken is an easily digested source
of protein, thus providing a fairly safe
way to get some nutrients into your
body.

26. POINTS TO REMEMBER
•Diarrhea is loose, watery stools. Having diarrhea means passing
loose stools three or more times a day.
.
•Diarrhea can cause dehydration, which is particularly dangerous in
children, older adults, and people with weakened immune systems.
•Treatment involves replacing lost fluids and electrolytes. Depending
on the cause of the problem, medication may also be needed to stop
the diarrhea or treat an infection.
•Children with diarrhea should be given oral rehydration solutions to
replace lost fluids and electrolytes.

27. •Adults with any of the following symptoms should see a
health care provider: signs of dehydration, diarrhea for more
than 2 days, severe pain in the abdomen or rectum, a fever
of 102 degrees or higher, stools containing blood or pus, or
stools that are black and tarry.
•Children with any of the following symptoms should see a
health care provider: signs of dehydration, diarrhea for more
than 24 hours, a fever of 102 degrees or higher, stools
containing blood or pus, or stools that are black and tarry.
•People can take steps to prevent two types of diarrhea—
rotavirus diarrhea and traveler’s diarrhea.