A therapeutic diet is a meal plan prescribed by a physician to treat a medical condition. It involves modifying the intake of certain foods or nutrients by removing, adding, or changing foods and nutrients. The goals are to assist body organs, aid in digestion, improve health conditions, and modify weight. Common therapeutic diets include clear liquid, soft, low-residue, diabetic, low-calorie, and heart-healthy diets. Nurses play an important role in implementing therapeutic diets by reinforcing the diet plan and encouraging patients. Nutrition is important for managing cardiovascular diseases and diabetes through diet and lifestyle modifications.
Diet does not substitute drugs but it is considered a complementary therapy.
The goals of dietary advice are:
To prevent or manage some medical conditions
To maintain or improve health through the use of appropriate and healthy food choices
To achieve and maintain optimal metabolic and physiological outcome
Diet does not substitute drugs but it is considered a complementary therapy.
The goals of dietary advice are:
To prevent or manage some medical conditions
To maintain or improve health through the use of appropriate and healthy food choices
To achieve and maintain optimal metabolic and physiological outcome
Cookery rules and preservation of nutrientsmanisaikoduri
this presentation gives the information regarding cooking definition, its principles,and methods and also the protective measure to prevent nutrient loss while cooking, food preservation, and also provide information regarding food additives, its usage and its side effects, and finally preparation of 2 recepiees
DIET THERAPY FOR TREATMENT OF DIFFERENT DISEASES AND MODIFICATION OF DIET . CHANGES IN TEXTURE CALORIES CONTENT VALUES FORMULA DIET
DIFFERENT TYPES OF THERAPEUTIC DIET
Constipation occurs When the waste material or the stool moves very slowly via large intestine.Here are the foods to be included for constipation diet.
In today's fast-paced world, a growing number of individuals are grappling with the challenges of managing diabetes.
Proper nutrition plays a critical role in maintaining overall health, and this is particularly true for individuals with diabetes. With a wide range of food options available, knowing what is truly the best food for diabetics can be overwhelming.
In this informative piece, we will delve into the intricacies of diabetic-friendly diets, explore various food groups, and uncover the key to nourishing one's body while effectively managing diabetes.
Prepare to discover the optimal choices and strategies for embracing a wholesome and enjoyable diet tailored specifically for diabetics.
10 Most Popular Lifestyle Diets: Benefits & GuidelinesSehat.com
Take a look at the top most popular diets which include Clean, Paleo, Vegan, Gluten free, mediterranean, Atkins Diet, Eggetarian, Vegan-ish and Jain Diet with their benefits and guidelines.
Cookery rules and preservation of nutrientsmanisaikoduri
this presentation gives the information regarding cooking definition, its principles,and methods and also the protective measure to prevent nutrient loss while cooking, food preservation, and also provide information regarding food additives, its usage and its side effects, and finally preparation of 2 recepiees
DIET THERAPY FOR TREATMENT OF DIFFERENT DISEASES AND MODIFICATION OF DIET . CHANGES IN TEXTURE CALORIES CONTENT VALUES FORMULA DIET
DIFFERENT TYPES OF THERAPEUTIC DIET
Constipation occurs When the waste material or the stool moves very slowly via large intestine.Here are the foods to be included for constipation diet.
In today's fast-paced world, a growing number of individuals are grappling with the challenges of managing diabetes.
Proper nutrition plays a critical role in maintaining overall health, and this is particularly true for individuals with diabetes. With a wide range of food options available, knowing what is truly the best food for diabetics can be overwhelming.
In this informative piece, we will delve into the intricacies of diabetic-friendly diets, explore various food groups, and uncover the key to nourishing one's body while effectively managing diabetes.
Prepare to discover the optimal choices and strategies for embracing a wholesome and enjoyable diet tailored specifically for diabetics.
10 Most Popular Lifestyle Diets: Benefits & GuidelinesSehat.com
Take a look at the top most popular diets which include Clean, Paleo, Vegan, Gluten free, mediterranean, Atkins Diet, Eggetarian, Vegan-ish and Jain Diet with their benefits and guidelines.
Managing Type 2 Diabetes With A Diabetic Diet And Weight Loss.pptxDr Jonathan Spages
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the body either doesn't produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar levels. This can lead to high blood sugar levels, which over time can damage various organs in the body, such as the kidneys, eyes, and heart. The good news is that Type 2 diabetes can often be managed through lifestyle changes, such as following a diabetic diet and losing weight. These changes can help control blood sugar levels, reduce the risk of complications, and improve overall health.
Visit Website: https://www.drjspages.com/
Counseling patients on healthy dietary patterns is challenging
Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
Get the right nutrients
The US Department of Agriculture
DASH diet
Mediterranean diet
How to Lose Weight? Fast in 2 Weeks Naturally At Home…
September 1, 2023 by parthu
Losing weight may not be a universal solution for all health issues, but if your healthcare professional advises it, there are practical strategies to ensure you shed those pounds safely.
For sustainable, long-term weight management, it’s generally recommended to aim for a gradual weight loss of 1 to 2 pounds per week.
However, many weight loss diets on the market can leave you feeling unsatisfied or deprived, as they often eliminate important food groups and lack sustainability. These factors can make it challenging to adhere to a healthier eating regimen.
Each person has unique dietary needs and preferences, so what works for one individual may not necessarily work for another. You might discover that a low-carb diet or one focused on whole foods suits you, but there are some fundamental principles that apply when embarking on a weight loss journey.
Here are some evidence-based tips to assist you in your weight loss efforts:
Prioritize healthy eating: Opt for nutritious, balanced meals that provide essential vitamins and minerals. Avoid excessive consumption of processed foods and sugar.
Choose carbohydrates wisely: Select complex carbohydrates such as whole grains, fruits, and vegetables over refined carbs. These can help regulate your appetite and maintain satiety.
Control your portions: Be mindful of portion sizes to avoid overeating, even with healthy foods.
Gradual weight loss: Aim for a steady, gradual reduction in weight rather than rapid weight loss, which is often difficult to sustain.
Focus on long-term health and habits: Instead of seeking quick fixes, concentrate on cultivating healthy habits that you can maintain over time. These are more likely to result in lasting weight loss and improved overall health.
Ultimately, the key to successful and sustainable weight loss is adopting a balanced, individualized approach that aligns with your unique needs and preferences while prioritizing your long-term well-being.
Table of Contents [Show]
How to Lose Weight in Simple Steps
1 2 SUMReducing refined carbohydrates may help check your appetite, lower your insulin situation, and help you lose weight.
Incorporate a Balanced Mix of Protein, Fat, and Vegetables into Your Meals
To promote weight loss and maintain a well-rounded diet, aim for diversity in your meals. To achieve this balance and support your weight loss goals, ensure that your meals consist of:
A Source of Protein
A Source of Healthy Fat
A Generous Portion of Vegetables
A Small Portion of Complex Carbohydrates, Such as Whole Grains
For inspiration on assembling your meals, you can refer to:
A low-carb meal plan
A lower-calorie meal plan
Lists of 101 healthy low-carb and low-calorie food options
When it comes to vegetables, don’t hesitate to fill your plate with vibrant, nutrient-rich greens. They provide essential vitamins and minerals without significantly increasing your calorie and carb
Healthy diet is a main source to reduce weight and an energetic lifestyle. These diet plan are use to have a healthy lifestyle with your family.A healthy diet helps to protect against malnutrition in all its forms, as well as noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes, heart disease, stroke and cancer.
Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Diseases, Krause Book 14th editionBatoul Ghosn
Prepared from the chapter of MNT of CVD from Krause's book 14 the edition 2017 as well as some part from " Modern Nutrition in health and disease" 11th edition.
This note covers the following topics: medical nutrition therapy for diabetes, basic dietary guidelines, hypoglycemia, more information specifically for treating the patient with type2 diabetes, managing lipid abnormalities, managing blood pressure, type2 diabetes in childhood, pregnancy with preexisting diabetes, gestational diabetes, medical nutrition therapy for diabetes
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
2. Objectives
At the end of the session, students will be able to-
Identify the therapeutic diet
Explain about the daily requirements for each food
group
3. What is a therapeutic diet?
A therapeutic diet is a meal plan that controls
the intake of certain foods or nutrients. It is part
of the treatment of a medical condition and are
normally prescribed by a physician and planned
by a dietician. A therapeutic diet is usually a
modification of a regular diet.
May 9, 2022 3
4. What is a therapeutic diet?
It involves removing or adding some foods.
Changing nutrients/calorie content and texture
of foods
Increase or decrease the fibre in the diet
May 9, 2022 4
5. Purpose of therapeutic diets
Regulate the amount of food.
Assist body organs to function normally
Aid in digestion
To improve specific health conditions
Increase or decrease body weight
Modify diet patterns
These diets are useful in managing diseases, improves immunity, act
as prevention or supplemental treatment.
May 9, 2022 5
6. Types of therapeutic diets
Clear liquid diet
Liquid diet
Full fluid diet
Soft diet
Pureed diet
May 9, 2022 6
7. Regular diet: Balanced diet usually used for
ambulatory patients with no serious chronic
disorders.
Liquid diet: Nutritionally inadequate. Used for short
period of times after surgeries.
Full fluid diet: Includes liquids along with smooth
textured fluids at room temp such as custards,
eggnog, thick soups, pudding etc. Generally used for
grade 1 dysphagia, dehydration,etc.
May 9, 2022 7
8. Clear liquid diet: water, apple juice, plain gelatine, fat free broth, ginger
ale, tea, coffee, etc.
Soft diet: Similar to regular diet but most foods required little chewing
and be easy to digest. Avoid tough meats, shell fish, raw fruits and
vegetables, nuts, coconuts and spicy foods
Low residue diet: used for patients with digestive diseases and rectal
diseases such as colitis and diarrhoea. Eliminates or limits high bulk
foods such as raw veg, fruits, nuts, coconut, tough meats, fried foods,
beans , seeds, whole grains.
May 9, 2022 8
9. Diabetic diet: Diet for hyperglycaemia. Diet contains
exchange lists to match carbohydrate intake as per
pts. needs
Low calorie diet: Diet for patients with overweight.
Avoids fatty foods, sugars, high fat meats, etc.
High Calorie diet: Diet for patient’s with underweight,
anorexia, hyperthyroidism, cancer etc. Includes
calorie dense foods and avoids high bulk foods which
reduce appetite.
May 9, 2022 9
10. Low Cholesterol diet: Diet for pts. With
atherosclerosis and heart diseases. Diet limits foods
rich in saturated fats.
Low Sodium diet: used for patients with
cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, oedema and
renal diseases. Avoids or limits salt in food along wit
restriction on processed foods, preserved foods, fried
items, pickles and processed cheese.
May 9, 2022 10
11. High protein diet: Regular Diet with added protein rich foods like milk,
eggs, etc. Used for growing age groups, pregnancy and lactation, pre and
post surgery, pts. With burns, infections and fever.
Low Protein diet: Diet for patients with certain kidney diseases, allergies.
Avoids high protein foods.
Bland diet: Diet for patient’s with ulcers and other digestive diseases.
Avoids foods that irritate GI tracts. Avoid coarse foods, highly seasoned
foods, tea, coffee, oily foods, spicy foods, salted meats and fish
May 9, 2022 11
12. ROLE OF NURSE IN NUTRITIONAL
CARE
Coordinator
Communicator
Counselor
Teacher
Motivator
May 9, 2022 12
13. THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN IMPLEMENTATION OF
THERAPEUTIC NUTRITION
May 9, 2022 13
1. Reinforce the importance of therapeutic
diet.
2. Identify and communicate needed changes
in the patient’s diet.
3. Identify and implement changes in method
of feeding & time of feeding.
4. Reinforce the meal plan with the patient
and the patient's family.
14. The role of the nurse in implementation of
therapeutic nutrition
May 9, 2022 14
5. Encourage the patient to depend on
himself (the restorative approach).
6. Encourage the patient to eat, provide
adaptive equipment, and right
atmosphere.
7. Make sure that all health care
professionals are consulted with respect
to diet plan and implementation.
16. Objectives of dietary management
To relieve strain to the heart
To prevent further damage to the heart
To restore the damaged heart
May 9, 2022 16
17. Recommended foods
Skimmed milk
Cottage cheese
Whole grains
Fruits and vegetables
High fiber and soluble fibers like pectin and gum
Lean meat, egg whites, fish
Honey, jaggery
May 9, 2022 17
18. Foods to be Avoided/ to limit
Cholesterol rich foods
Whole cream, butter, cream cheese
Heavy sweets, bakery products
Organ meat
Fried foods
Alcohol
High sodium processed foods
High fat convenience meals
May 9, 2022 18
19. Prevention and Treatment of CVD
HTN: DASH Diet
Individuals should adopt the Dietary Approaches to Stop
Hypertension (DASH) dietary pattern which is rich in
fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy, and nuts; low in
sodium, total fat, and saturated fat; and adequate in
calories for weight management. The DASH dietary
pattern reduces systolic blood pressure by 8-14 mmHg.
20. DASH: Major Food Groups
Fruit: Melons, bananas, papaya,
prunes, oranges (Mg, K), fortified
juices (Ca), fiber
4-5 servings per day
Vegetables: broccoli (vit A), Soy
(Ca, K), beets, mushrooms,
potatoes (B6), green
leafy/spinach (vit A, Mg, Ca),
tomatoes, (K, Mg) (fiber)
4-5 Servings per day
22. Objectives of dietary management
To improve glycemic control
To prevent diabetes related complications such as retinopathy,
nephropathy
To improve nutritional quality of life and reduce morbidity and
mortality
May 9, 2022 22
23. Nutrition Intervention options for Diabetes
Reduce energy and fat intake
Carbohydrate counting
Simplified meal plans
Healthy food choices
Individualized meal planning strategies
Exchange lists
Insulin-to-carbohydrate ratios
Physical activity and behavioral strategies
24. Prevention and Treatment of CVD & Diabetes
Recommendations:
Very High Triglycerides (>500)
◦ Very low-fat diet less than or equal to15% fat),
◦ Weight management
◦ Physical activity
◦ Alcohol restriction
Elevated Triglycerides (≥ 150) and Macronutrients
◦ Calorie controlled
◦ Complex Carbohydrates
◦ Limit refined sugar
◦ Limit Alcohol
◦ Weight loss of 7 to 10% of body weight
◦ Physical Activity
25. CHOLESTEROL PROFILE
IMPROVEMENT STRATEGY
Foods to increase
1 bowl of oat bran at breakfast with oatmeal. (Note that Psyllium also
decreases total cholesterol)
Fresh vegetables, avocados (rich in good fat), artichokes, lentils and beans,
chick peas (high in isoflavones), rice bran, citrus fruits, strawberries, apples
(rich in pectin) and apple pulp (rich in soluble fiber)
Mulberries, raspberries (rich in resveratrol)
Almonds, pecans, walnuts, hazelnuts, macadamia, pistachios, peanuts.
Almonds can reduce the ratio LDL to HDL up to 12% after 4 weeks (Journal
of the American Heart Association). Eat them natural or “dry roasted”
without added oils or salts. Most of their fat is polyunsaturated or mono-
unsaturated.
26. Glycemic Index
• A scale that ranks carbohydrates by how much they raise blood
glucose levels compared to a reference food.
1. Low 0 – 55
2. Moderate 56 – 69
3. High 70 or more
29. NUTRITION ACTION PLAN FOR CVD & DM
1. Eat meat sparingly
2. Add fish to your diet
3. Eat fruits and vegetables
4. Go for nuts
5. Increase complex carbohydrates and fiber
6. Opt for low-fat dairy products
7. Cut down on saturated fat in cooking
8. Avoid palm and coconut oils
9. Avoid trans fats
10. Reduce dietary cholesterol
11. Reduce salt and sugar intake
12. Watch the snacks
13. Drink alcohol only in moderation
14. Read labels carefully
30. References
1. Mann J, Truswell S, editors. Essentials of human nutrition.
5th ed. London, England: Oxford University Press; 2017.
Chapter - 43, pp – 670-678
2. Bender DA. Introduction to nutrition and metabolism,
fourth edition. 4th ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 2007.
Chapter - 6, pp- 178-186