1. UHT milk processed through aseptic packaging can be safely used to prepare enteral feeds without the need for boiling or refrigeration. This processing eliminates bacteria and allows the milk to be stored unrefrigerated for months.
2. UHT milk retains most of its nutritional value with minimal vitamin degradation during high-temperature processing. It is free of preservatives and adulterants.
3. Using aseptically processed UHT milk for enteral feeds offers advantages over raw milk by reducing risks of infection and making feed preparation more convenient without compromising nutrition.
enteral nutrition, nutrition, nutrition after surgery, nutrition of debilitated patient, nutrition of patient who cant take orally, post operative care, surgical nutrition, total parentral nutrition
Nutrition support in critically ill patients prevents metabolic
deterioration and loss of lean body mass
• Decrease in length of hospital stay , morbidity rate and
improvement in patient outcomes have attracted an valued the use
of nutrition support in the critically ill patients
Basic Intravenous Therapy 4: Total Parenteral NutritionRonald Magbitang
Lecture Presentation in Basic Intravenous Therapy Seminar regards anothe type of IV fluid the TPN, nutrition in this regard given intravenously, how to go about, the considerations and precautions in giving TPN
enteral nutrition, nutrition, nutrition after surgery, nutrition of debilitated patient, nutrition of patient who cant take orally, post operative care, surgical nutrition, total parentral nutrition
Nutrition support in critically ill patients prevents metabolic
deterioration and loss of lean body mass
• Decrease in length of hospital stay , morbidity rate and
improvement in patient outcomes have attracted an valued the use
of nutrition support in the critically ill patients
Basic Intravenous Therapy 4: Total Parenteral NutritionRonald Magbitang
Lecture Presentation in Basic Intravenous Therapy Seminar regards anothe type of IV fluid the TPN, nutrition in this regard given intravenously, how to go about, the considerations and precautions in giving TPN
Nutritional Management of Premature InfantsMCH-org-ua
International conference «Actual approaches to the extremely preterm babies: International experience and Ukrainian realities» (Kyiv, Ukraine, March 5-6, 2013)
Salminen research advocates for adding fermented foods to food guide - yini...Yogurt in Nutrition #YINI
Sauerkraut, kimchi, kombucha, … and of course, fermented milks like yogurt are growing in popularity propelled by health claims and increasing knowledge about the gut microbiota. Several researchers around the world want therefore Health Organizations to add a new category to the National Food Guide that’s is fermented foods. For Seppo Salminen (University of Turku, Finland), it’s even time to go further!
The magic milk .....full of benefits ,vitamines and minerals .......that is human milk
what is composition ,benefits,storage guidelines ?
what is contraindication?
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Factory Supply Best Quality Pmk Oil CAS 28578–16–7 PMK Powder in Stockrebeccabio
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
2. Delivery of all the
necessary substrates
(Amino acids +
Carbohydrates +
Lipids) via an access
either through the
natural anatomical GI
route or surgically
created one
3. Advantages of Enteral Nutrition
Therapy
• Maintains GIT structure, integrity and
function
• Easier, more Physiological
• Enhances intestinal immune function
• Reduces bacterial translocation
• Decreases risk of sepsis
• Fewer complications than with parenteral
nutrition
• Lower costs, Less expensive
5. Advantages of Enteral Nutrition
Therapy
Early Intervention as Part of Initial Care
Enteral Nutrition
• Oral supplements
• Tube feeding
Parenteral Nutrition
• Total
• Peripheral
6.
7. 1. Critically ill : Prone for high energy expenditure
and rapid protein breakdown. E N initiated within
24 hours of admission significantly reduces
morbidity.
2. Parenteral support to be administered to all
patients who cannot tolerate enteral regimen
within 5 days of starvation.
3. Factors to be taken into consideration:
preoperative fasting status/ level of starvation
before ICU admittance, number of days anticipated
on ventilator and any associated systemic
problems.
8. 4. Intra-operative Jejunal access for enteral
nutrition: better option
5. Optimization of protein and energy
requirement (avoid over/ under feeding)
Protein input - 1.5-2.5 g/kg/day with 50% of
total administered enterally
Total caloric intake of 1500-2000 kcal/ day is to
be achieved (25 kcal/kg/day ) as per BEE
9. 6. Appropriate electrolyte supplementation : Na
P, K & Mg supplementation
7. Substrate for provision of energy is
carbohydrates and lipids in the ratio of 70:30.
• Peripheral insulin resistance and
hyperglycemic state, mainly due to impaired
glucose utilization and gluconeogenesis.
• Overzealous administration of glucose ( eg: >
5 mg/kg/day) will increase the
susceptibility to infection.
9
10. 8. Proper selection of volume, composition and
route of administration, for patients with
• Renal & hepatic insufficiency
• Cardio-pulmonary diseased
9. Critical monitoring essential
10. High degree of suspicion and constant
“looking out” for complications
11. Immunonutriton is still a contentious issue,
especially in terms of final outcome.
11. 1. Applicable
2. Site placement
3. Formula selection
4. Nutritional/medical
requirements
5. Rate and method of delivery
6. Tolerance
12.
13. Complications of GI access
• Dislodgements
• Small bowel volvulus, infarction
• Catheter/tube occlusion
• Leakage/skin breakdown
• Tube malposition
Gastric distention & aspiration
15. • Feed is not prepared in a hygienic way
• Quality of milk is in-determinant
• Commonly loose milk is used which is supposed
to be boiled first before consumption and for
preparing the feed the milk should be at room
temperature.
• Temperature changes happening during
transportation of feed.
• Delays in administration of feeds.
16. • Most of the time Enteral feed is stopped in
such condition
OR
• Feed is prepared milk free
18. Critical illness dramatically increases muscle
proteolysis and more than doubles the
dietary protein requirement.
Yet surprisingly, most critically ill
patients receive less than half the
recommended amount of protein during
their stay in a modern intensive care unit.
Reference:
Why Critically Ill Patients Are Protein Deprived. Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition
19. Muscle proteolysis dramatically increases
in critical illness, making free amino acids
available for new protein synthesis at sites of
tissue injury and at other locations in the body
to regulate inflammatory and immune
responses.
Reference:
Why Critically Ill Patients Are Protein Deprived. Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition
20. Amino acid uptake by the rapidly turning-over
central proteins is constrained by the rate at which
amino acids are released from muscle, suggesting
that exogenous protein replacement could
beneficially increase central protein
synthesis, possibly moderate the intensity of
systemic inflammation, and improve clinical
outcomes in many situations.
Reference:
• Nutrition and traumatic brain injury: a perspective from the Institute of Medicine report. JPEN
J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2011
• Metabolic vs nutrition support: a hypothesis.JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2010
21. There is strong support in the critical care
literature for early and adequate protein
provision
Reference:
Why Critically Ill Patients Are Protein Deprived. Journal of Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition
22. Milk is universally considered a nearly perfect
food.
In particular, dairy products are excellent
protein sources.
However, researchers have learned that dairy
foods provide more than just essential nutrients
(like protein). Indeed, they contain other
“biologically active” components that may
affect overall health.
Reference:
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2013
23. Some milk components may modulate
intestinal bacteria, whereas others may
influence the nervous system.
Reference:
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2013
24. In a recent article published in the June 2013
issue of The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, states that many of these proteins
might very well be active in regions of the small
intestine. This article is accompanied by an
editorial by Paul Ross and colleagues, who
argue that the “black box” of human protein
digestion has clearly now been opened.
25.
26. • Doesn’t require boiling
• Preservatives, adulterants free
• Convenience i.e. easy to prepare the
Enteral feed using UHT milk
• Administration of the feed will be easier
(feed can even be prepared at patient’s
bedside)
• Reduce chances of infection as it is
bacteria free
30. Aseptic Processing Aseptic Packaging
Ultra High Temperature
(UHT) treatment of milk
destroys all bacteria, and
keeps its nutrition intact
for more than three
months without any need
for preservatives at
ambient storage
temperature.
The most important food science advancement of the 20th
Century
- Institute of Food
Technologists, 1989
“ “
Aseptic packaging of
UHT milk ensures good
quality milk from farm to
table. And the packaging
is tamper evident.
31. pH 6.6 - 6.8
Alcohol Stability >68%
Bacterial Count <600,000 cfu/ml
Spores <10 per ml
All milk that undergoes the Ultra-High Temperature
(UHT)
process first needs to pass through strict quality
checks:
32. Milk Collection
Quality Check*
Aseptic Processing
Aseptic PackagingConsumer
* Milk undergoes quality check at customer’s dairy plant
Milk not
conforming to
required quality
checks cannot
undergo
Aseptic
Processing
33. After undergoing the UHT treatment, the milk is
then packed aseptically in Tetra Pak cartons
The UHT process removes all micro-
organisms from the milk, including bacterial
spores. Flash heating the milk for a few
seconds ensures minimal damage to nutrients
The milk is then heated to very high
temperatures (135-150ºC), also known as the
Ultra-High Temperature (UHT) process, in a
closed system for a few seconds. The milk is
then force cooled to room temperature
The entire loop of UHT plant is sterilised using
steam at 130º C for 20-30 minutes. Quality
tested milk is then brought in for processing
and then homogenisedThe milk is first pasteurised
39. Milk is as fresh as when packed.
Protected from all spoilage.
40. Milk in a Tetra Pak
package needs
preservatives
41.
42. Tetra Pak cartons
are 100%
recyclable
Packaging
material made of
75% paper
Pre-sterilised
packaging material
used
43. Tetra Pak cartons
are 100% recyclable
Packaging material
made of 75% paper
Pre-sterilised packaging
material used
Paper Board PE PE PEALPE
OUTSIDE INSIDEPE: Polyethylene
AL: Aluminium
44. Only best-quality milk
is processed
Minimal loss of nutrition
No preservatives required
Packaged in commercially
sterile environment
Tamper-evident 6-layer
packaging
Long shelf life
Convenient to store;
no need for refrigeration
45. So, with technology in place there is no
point skipping milk, one of the most
wonderful source of nutrient, from
enteral feed.