Diabetic neuropathy
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Diabetic neuropathy is nerve damage that can occur from diabetes. It is characterized by progressive loss of nerve function. The most common type is peripheral neuropathy, which often affects the lower limbs first before moving up. Symptoms depend on the nerves affected but usually include numbness, tingling, or pain in the feet. Investigations help identify the type of neuropathy and treatments aim to control blood sugar levels, care for the feet, and manage pain through medications.
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1. diabetic neuropathy
This document discusses diabetic neuropathy, its types, risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment. Diabetic neuropathies are chronic complications of diabetes that manifest in diverse clinical ways. The most common types are distal symmetric polyneuropathy and diabetic autonomic neuropathies. Tight control of blood sugar levels is the primary treatment approach, though additional therapies show some benefits for neuropathic pain relief and prevention of progression. Overall management of this condition remains challenging as existing nerve damage is largely irreversible.
DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
DIABETIC NEUROPATHY PRESENTED BY S.MADHURI FROM CHILKUR BALAJI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,HYDERABAD,TELANGANA
Diabetic Neuropathy
1) Diabetic neuropathy is a syndrome comprising separate clinical disorders that affect the peripheral nervous system, with a prevalence of 66% for type 1 diabetes and 59% for type 2 diabetes.
2) Risk factors include hyperglycemia, longer duration of diabetes, age, hypertension, and smoking.
3) The most common form is distal symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy, which involves small and large fiber sensory, autonomic, and motor nerves in various combinations.
Diabetic Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy is a condition that results from damage to the peripheral nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. It can cause numbness, tingling, pain or weakness in the hands, feet or other areas. There are several types including peripheral, autonomic and focal neuropathies. The most common cause is diabetes, through mechanisms such as increased aldose reductase activity and oxidative stress damaging nerves over time. Diagnosis involves physical exams, nerve conduction tests and ruling out other potential causes. Treatment focuses on managing pain, slowing progression, and preventing complications through good glucose control, medications, physical therapy and foot care.
Neurogenic bladder
Neurogenic bladder refers to urinary bladder dysfunction caused by diseases of the central or peripheral nervous system that control urination. There are two main types: a flaccid bladder that does not contract fully, causing urine to dribble out continuously, and a spastic bladder with involuntary contractions causing frequent urination. Common causes include stroke, Parkinson's, MS, spinal cord injuries, and neurological disorders from conditions like diabetes. Symptoms include frequent urination, incontinence, and urinary retention. Treatment involves medications to relax or stimulate the bladder along with exercises and sometimes surgery.
Neuropathies
Peripheral neuropathies can be classified into several types based on the pattern of nerve involvement:
1) Mononeuropathy affects a single nerve and can be caused by direct injury, ischemia, or inflammation. Carpal tunnel syndrome is an example.
2) Mononeuritis multiplex involves multiple individual nerves developing lesions over time and is often seen in vasculitis.
3) Polyneuropathy damages many nerve cells across the body symmetrically and can be caused by systemic processes like diabetes or toxins.
Neuropathies are caused by a wide range of factors including metabolic diseases, infections, nutritional deficiencies, autoimmune disease, drugs, and toxins. Identifying the pattern of nerve
RSD-REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY
RSD, also known as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), is a chronic pain condition that usually affects the limbs. It is characterized by pain, sensory abnormalities, changes in skin temperature and color, abnormal sweating, and motor and trophic changes. RSD typically develops after an injury or trauma and causes pain severely disproportionate to the inciting event. It is diagnosed based on patient history and symptoms, with supportive tests like bone scans and MRI. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach including medications, physical therapy, psychological support, and potentially nerve blocks or spinal cord stimulation.
Myasthenia gravis rehabilitation
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1. diabetic neuropathy
This document discusses diabetic neuropathy, its types, risk factors, pathogenesis, and treatment. Diabetic neuropathies are chronic complications of diabetes that manifest in diverse clinical ways. The most common types are distal symmetric polyneuropathy and diabetic autonomic neuropathies. Tight control of blood sugar levels is the primary treatment approach, though additional therapies show some benefits for neuropathic pain relief and prevention of progression. Overall management of this condition remains challenging as existing nerve damage is largely irreversible.
DIABETIC NEUROPATHY
DIABETIC NEUROPATHY PRESENTED BY S.MADHURI FROM CHILKUR BALAJI COLLEGE OF PHARMACY,HYDERABAD,TELANGANA
Diabetic Neuropathy
1) Diabetic neuropathy is a syndrome comprising separate clinical disorders that affect the peripheral nervous system, with a prevalence of 66% for type 1 diabetes and 59% for type 2 diabetes.
2) Risk factors include hyperglycemia, longer duration of diabetes, age, hypertension, and smoking.
3) The most common form is distal symmetrical sensorimotor polyneuropathy, which involves small and large fiber sensory, autonomic, and motor nerves in various combinations.
Diabetic Neuropathy
Peripheral neuropathy is a condition that results from damage to the peripheral nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord. It can cause numbness, tingling, pain or weakness in the hands, feet or other areas. There are several types including peripheral, autonomic and focal neuropathies. The most common cause is diabetes, through mechanisms such as increased aldose reductase activity and oxidative stress damaging nerves over time. Diagnosis involves physical exams, nerve conduction tests and ruling out other potential causes. Treatment focuses on managing pain, slowing progression, and preventing complications through good glucose control, medications, physical therapy and foot care.
Neurogenic bladder
Neurogenic bladder refers to urinary bladder dysfunction caused by diseases of the central or peripheral nervous system that control urination. There are two main types: a flaccid bladder that does not contract fully, causing urine to dribble out continuously, and a spastic bladder with involuntary contractions causing frequent urination. Common causes include stroke, Parkinson's, MS, spinal cord injuries, and neurological disorders from conditions like diabetes. Symptoms include frequent urination, incontinence, and urinary retention. Treatment involves medications to relax or stimulate the bladder along with exercises and sometimes surgery.
Neuropathies
Peripheral neuropathies can be classified into several types based on the pattern of nerve involvement:
1) Mononeuropathy affects a single nerve and can be caused by direct injury, ischemia, or inflammation. Carpal tunnel syndrome is an example.
2) Mononeuritis multiplex involves multiple individual nerves developing lesions over time and is often seen in vasculitis.
3) Polyneuropathy damages many nerve cells across the body symmetrically and can be caused by systemic processes like diabetes or toxins.
Neuropathies are caused by a wide range of factors including metabolic diseases, infections, nutritional deficiencies, autoimmune disease, drugs, and toxins. Identifying the pattern of nerve
RSD-REFLEX SYMPATHETIC DYSTROPHY
RSD, also known as complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), is a chronic pain condition that usually affects the limbs. It is characterized by pain, sensory abnormalities, changes in skin temperature and color, abnormal sweating, and motor and trophic changes. RSD typically develops after an injury or trauma and causes pain severely disproportionate to the inciting event. It is diagnosed based on patient history and symptoms, with supportive tests like bone scans and MRI. Treatment involves a multidisciplinary approach including medications, physical therapy, psychological support, and potentially nerve blocks or spinal cord stimulation.
Myasthenia gravis rehabilitation
Myasthenia Gravis is a neuromuscular disease causing fluctuating muscle weakness and fatigue due to a breakdown in communication between nerves and muscles. There is no cure, but treatment can relieve symptoms. Signs include weakness of specific muscles like eyes and throat, as well as limbs, worsened by exertion and stress. Physical therapy focuses on aerobic exercise, strength training, swimming, posture, and breathing to build functional capacity and decrease fatigue while avoiding overexertion that worsens symptoms. The goal is improved mobility, balance, and ability to perform daily activities.
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This document discusses diabetic neuropathy, including its definition, prevalence, risk factors, clinical presentations, investigations, and types. Some key points:
- Diabetic neuropathy is nerve dysfunction in people with diabetes after other causes have been excluded. It has a prevalence of 5-100% and is the most common neuropathy in developed countries.
- Risk factors include poor glycemic control, hypertension, smoking, alcohol, and longer duration of diabetes. Clinical presentations include distal symmetrical polyneuropathy, proximal diabetic neuropathy, truncal neuropathy, and mononeuropathies.
- Investigations include blood tests to assess glucose levels, vitamin deficiencies and organ function. Types include chronic sensorimotor neuropathy, autonomic neuropathy
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This document provides an overview of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Polymyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy that causes symmetrical proximal muscle weakness. It is caused by defective cellular immunity and can be associated with viral infections, malignancies or drugs. Symptoms include proximal muscle weakness in the upper and lower limbs and may include extra skeletal symptoms. Investigations include blood tests, EMG and muscle biopsy. Treatment involves corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. Dermatomyositis is a similar condition with additional characteristic skin manifestations. Both conditions are treated with corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and addressing any skin symptoms.
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This document provides an overview of peripheral neuropathies. It discusses that peripheral neuropathies can involve sensory nerves, motor nerves, or both, and may affect single or multiple nerves. The document then covers the clinical presentation and classification of different types of neuropathies, including those that primarily affect the cell body, myelin, or axon. It also lists common causes of peripheral neuropathies like diabetes, paraproteinemia, alcohol misuse, and discusses their prevalence. The temporal course, symptoms, and assessment of peripheral neuropathies are discussed in detail.
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The presence of symptoms and/or signs of peripheral nerve dysfunction in people with diabetes after exclusion of other causes is called diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
The diagnosis is principally a clinical one. Patients with type 1 diabetes for 5 or more years and all patients with type 2 diabetes should be assessed annually.Treatment goals include
good glycemic control,symptomatic treatment and halt progressive nerve damage.
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The document provides information about spondylosis, a degenerative disorder of the spine. It defines spondylosis as general wear and tear that occurs in the joints and bones of the spine with age. Over 85% of people over age 60 are affected. Spondylosis causes loss of normal spinal shape and function and can affect the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar regions. Non-surgical treatments include soft collars, physiotherapy like heat/cold therapy and electrical stimulation, and medications like acetaminophen and NSAIDs. Surgery is reserved for severe cases not relieved by other treatments.
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Introduction:-
Hoffa's pad syndrome also known as Infrapatellar fat syndrome is an intrinsic disease of Hoffa's fat pad and a problem of knee joint which causes the pain at the front of knee joint so this pain is known as anterior knee pain.
Hoffa's fat pad contains pluripotent cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes.
Hoffa's pad becomes inflamed or Damaged by The crushing of the pad between the femur and tibia during extension, causes inflammation of Hoffa's fat pad.
Nerve supply of fat pad is excellent( It receives branches of the femoral , common peroneal and saphenous nerves) so if it occurs any injury ,causes a sharp anterior knee pain.
The infrapatellar fat pad is a pad of adipose tissue underneath or deep to the patella tendon and the top of the fat pad attaches to the lower part of patella (knee cap).
hoffa's pad is a shock absorber ,when there is a direct force on the patella can result in pinching of the fat pad between femur and tibial plateau. The tibial plateau is the proximal tibial surface on which the femur rests.
HFP is surrounded anteriorly by the patellar tendon and the joint capsule, superiorly by the inferior pole of the patella, inferiorly by the proximal tibia and the deep infrapatellar bursa, and posteriorly by the joint synovium .
The main function of the HFP is to reduce friction between the patella, the patellar tendon, and the deep skeletal structures. In addition, it prevents pinching of the synovial membrane and it facilitates the vascularization of adjacent structures.
Causes:-
cause is usually due to single or repetitive traumatic episodes.
when you extend your knee the fat pad act as a cushion and reduces friction between outer patella facets and quadriceps tendons .
when you flex your knee ,upper part of fat pad becomes tensioned, it moves backwards in the knee.
it develops gradually over time if you repeatedly move your knee.
This is when your knee is forced to move forward from its completely straight normal position.
You may have always been able to over straighten your knee, which is called knee hyperextension or genu recurvatum .
hyperextension sports such as basketball, volleyball or high jumping may also cause inflammation of Hoffa's pad.
Hoffa's disease is more frequent in young women and the symptoms are anterior knee pain when upstairs and downstairs.
Sign and Symptoms:-
Complaints of anterior knee pain occurs when playing hyperextension sports such as basketball ,volleyball or high jumping .effusion and inflammation may be occurs and decreases the ROM of joint , stair negotiation .
Symptoms may worsen if the knee is overly straightened or bent for too long a period. Complications may include an inability to fully straighten the knee.
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The diagnosis is principally a clinical one. Patients with type 1 diabetes for 5 or more years and all patients with type 2 diabetes should be assessed annually.Treatment goals include
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Introduction:-
Hoffa's pad syndrome also known as Infrapatellar fat syndrome is an intrinsic disease of Hoffa's fat pad and a problem of knee joint which causes the pain at the front of knee joint so this pain is known as anterior knee pain.
Hoffa's fat pad contains pluripotent cells that can differentiate into osteoblasts and chondrocytes.
Hoffa's pad becomes inflamed or Damaged by The crushing of the pad between the femur and tibia during extension, causes inflammation of Hoffa's fat pad.
Nerve supply of fat pad is excellent( It receives branches of the femoral , common peroneal and saphenous nerves) so if it occurs any injury ,causes a sharp anterior knee pain.
The infrapatellar fat pad is a pad of adipose tissue underneath or deep to the patella tendon and the top of the fat pad attaches to the lower part of patella (knee cap).
hoffa's pad is a shock absorber ,when there is a direct force on the patella can result in pinching of the fat pad between femur and tibial plateau. The tibial plateau is the proximal tibial surface on which the femur rests.
HFP is surrounded anteriorly by the patellar tendon and the joint capsule, superiorly by the inferior pole of the patella, inferiorly by the proximal tibia and the deep infrapatellar bursa, and posteriorly by the joint synovium .
The main function of the HFP is to reduce friction between the patella, the patellar tendon, and the deep skeletal structures. In addition, it prevents pinching of the synovial membrane and it facilitates the vascularization of adjacent structures.
Causes:-
cause is usually due to single or repetitive traumatic episodes.
when you extend your knee the fat pad act as a cushion and reduces friction between outer patella facets and quadriceps tendons .
when you flex your knee ,upper part of fat pad becomes tensioned, it moves backwards in the knee.
it develops gradually over time if you repeatedly move your knee.
This is when your knee is forced to move forward from its completely straight normal position.
You may have always been able to over straighten your knee, which is called knee hyperextension or genu recurvatum .
hyperextension sports such as basketball, volleyball or high jumping may also cause inflammation of Hoffa's pad.
Hoffa's disease is more frequent in young women and the symptoms are anterior knee pain when upstairs and downstairs.
Sign and Symptoms:-
Complaints of anterior knee pain occurs when playing hyperextension sports such as basketball ,volleyball or high jumping .effusion and inflammation may be occurs and decreases the ROM of joint , stair negotiation .
Symptoms may worsen if the knee is overly straightened or bent for too long a period. Complications may include an inability to fully straighten the knee.
Diagnosis:-
Hoffa's syndrome completely diagnosed by MRI .we have requirement of an experienced orthopaedics to diagnose it.
primary Assessment have to check the Active and Passive Range Of Motion(AROM/PROM) of Hip joint and Knee joint.
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This document provides an overview of peripheral neuropathy. It begins by defining peripheral neuropathy as damage to the peripheral nervous system, which can affect motor, sensory and autonomic nerves. Symptoms depend on the affected nerves and include weakness, numbness, pain and organ dysfunction. Neuropathies can be acute or chronic, affect single or multiple nerves, and have many underlying causes including diabetes, toxins, medications and diseases. Evaluation involves history, exam, EMG/NCS to identify pattern of involvement, and testing tailored to suspected causes. Differential diagnosis and management are guided by clinical features and test results.
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This document discusses diabetic peripheral neuropathies and provides details about their prevalence, types, symptoms, pathophysiology, and management. It covers the following key points:
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2. Electrophysiological testing like EMG and NCV examine nerve conduction velocities and amplitudes to detect damage to large myelinated fibers. Changes indicate dead/dying axons.
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Global Medical Cures™ | Diabetic Neuropathies
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DISCLAIMER-
Global Medical Cures™ does not offer any medical advice, diagnosis, treatment or recommendations. Only your healthcare provider/physician can offer you information and recommendations for you to decide about your healthcare choices.
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This document provides an overview of peripheral neuropathies. It defines different types including polyneuropathy, mononeuropathy, and neuropathy. It describes approaches to identifying the lesion location and cause. Common causes discussed include diabetes, uraemia, thyroid disease, porphyria, alcohol, and various vitamin deficiencies. Guillain-Barré syndrome is described as the most common acute polyneuropathy, caused by preceding infection. Management of GBS involves monitoring respiratory function and treatments like immunoglobulin or plasma exchange.
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Diabetic neuropathy
- 1. Diabetic Neuropathy NAME: LAMYAA ANWAR ALGHAFLI
- 2. Objectives Types of diabetic neuropathy Clinical feature of diabetic neuropathy Investigations Treatment
- 3. Diabetic neuropathy is : Diabetic neuropathy is a type of nerve damage that can occur if you have diabetes It is characterized by a progressive loss of nerve fiber function.
- 4. Types : Peripheral neuropathy : The most common form of diabetic neuropathy. Lower limb is often affected first, followed by upper limbs Radiculoplexus neuropathy : It affects nerves in the thighs, hips, buttocks or legs. It is more common in people with type 2 diabetes and older adults. Symptoms are usually on one side of the body, in some cases symptoms may spread to the other side.
- 5. Types : Autonomic neuropathy : Mononeuropathy : It involves damage to a specific nerve. Often comes on suddenly. It's most common in older adults. • Carpal tunnel syndrome: It is a common type of compression neuropathy
- 7. Clinical features : Symptoms depend on the type of neuropathy and which nerves are affected. The first symptom is often numbness, tingling, or pain in the feet. Symptoms can involve the sensory, motor, and autonomic nervous systems. In some people, mainly those with radiculoplexus neuropathy, the onset of pain may be sudden and severe.
- 9. Treatment : Tight control of blood sugar levels Care for the feet to prevent complications Control of pain caused by neuropathy *Tricyclic antidepressants *Duloxetine *Gabapentin *Pregabalin *Anesthetic drugs *Alpha-lipoic acid *Narcotics (opioids)
- 10. Sources http://www.uptodate.com http://www.mayoclinic.org http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov http://emedicine.medscape.com
- 11. Any Questions