This document discusses several neurological diseases and disorders including their symptoms and treatment options. It covers epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, multiple sclerosis, cerebrovascular disease, and various neuroimaging techniques. For each topic, it lists key symptoms and current approaches to managing the condition. The document is an informative overview of several major areas of neurology.

2. Is a chronic disease characterized
by one or several neurological
disorders that leaves a
predisposition in the brain to
generate recurrent seizures,
which often results in
consequences neurobiological,
cognitive and psychological.
NEUROLOGY

3. SYMPTOMS
Involuntary contractions of muscle groups
Shaking hands with involuntary movements
Possible tongue biting
abundant salivation
TREATMENT
Was based on the use of non-specific depressant of the nervous system
Currently there have been a number of new antiepileptic drugs that
try to increase treatment efficacy and reduce side effects.
NEUROLOGY

4. Alzheimer’s disease is the most
common form of dementia, a
serious brain disorder that
impacts daily living through
memory loss and cognitive
changes.
NEUROLOGY

5. SYMPTOMS
At first, there are small and subtle memory loss, but over time, this deficiency is
becoming more noticeable. and disabling for the individual who will have trouble
performing everyday tasks and simple, and also other more intellectual, such as
speaking, understanding, reading, or writing.
TREATMENT
At present, there is no cure for Alzheimer's disease. However, there are
medications that can help control your symptoms
There are four drugs used,
called cholinesterase
inhibitors
Cholinesterase inhibitors slow
the metabolic degradation of
acetylcholine
NEUROLOGY

6. Parkinson's disease is a
neurodegenerative process of the
motor pathways that exert an
important influence on spinal motor
circuits, the brain stem and
cerebellum.
SYMPTOMS
medications ;to be effective, medication
should be taken exactly as prescribed by
your doctor.
TREATMENT
NEUROLOGY

7. Is a neurodegenerative genetic
disorder that affects muscle
coordination and leads to cognitive
decline and dementia.
 The disease is caused by an
autosomal dominant mutation.
It is much more common in
people of Western European
descent than in those of Asian or
African ancestry.
NEUROLOGY

8. SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
Quick, sudden
jerking movements
of the arms, legs,
face and other
body parts
impatience Irritability
Psychosis
Changes in
language
Disorientation
or confusion
Loss of memory
NEUROLOGY

9. There is no cure for
Huntington's disease.
 treatment is to reduce
symptoms and help people
to fend for themselves for as
long and as comfortably as
possible.
NEUROLOGY
TREATMENT

10. It is an autoimmune disease that
affects the brain and spinal cord
(central nervous system)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) affects
more women than men.
The disorder is most commonly
diagnosed between 20 and 40 years
of age
NEUROLOGY

11. Loss of
balance
Muscle
spasms
Problems with
walking
Double vision
uncontrollable
rapid eye
movements
NEUROLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

12. There is no known cure for
multiple sclerosis at the time,
but there are therapies that
can slow the progression of
the disease.
The important thing is to
control symptoms and help
maintain a normal quality of
life.
NEUROLOGY
TREATMENT

13. Refers to any brain
abnormality, the product of
a pathological process that
compromises the blood
vessels.
NEUROLOGY

14. Motor deficit. Sensory deficit Dizziness
Headache
ataxia,
incoordinación,
temblor
Nausea and
vomiting
NEUROLOGY
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS

15. Cerebrovascular disease
has no cure.
Possible treatments
include hospital care,
medicines, transcatheter
interventions, surgery and
rehabilitation.
NEUROLOGY
TREATMENT

16. NEUROLOGY

17. Refers to imaging by sections or
sectioning, through the use of any
kind of penetrating wave.
A device used in tomography is
called a TOMOGRAPH.
The image produced is a
TOMOGRAM.
NEUROLOGY

18. Tomograms
are derived
using several
different
physical
phenomena
listed.
X-rays
Gamma
rays
Radio-
frequency
waves
Electron-
positron
annihilation
Electrons
Ions
NEUROLOGY

19. Is a procedure that uses a special dye (contrast material) and x-
rays to see how blood flows through the brain.
NEUROLOGY

20. Is a medical imaging
technique used in radiology to
visualize detailed internal
structures.
NEUROLOGY

21. One advantage of an MRI scan is that
it is harmless to the patient.
In clinical practice, MRI is used to
distinguish pathologic tissue (such as a
brain tumor) from normal tissue.
NEUROLOGY

22. Is performed in order to collect a
sample of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) for:
Biochemical, microbiological, and
cytological analysis.
Very rarely as a treatment
("therapeutic lumbar puncture") to
relieve increased intracranial
pressure.
NEUROLOGY

23. Is the removal of a small piece of brain tissue
for the diagnosis of abnormalities of the brain
NEUROLOGY

24. It is used to diagnose:
Alzheimer'
s disease
Tumors
InfectionInflammation
Other
brain
disorders
NEUROLOGY

25. A 35 year old white female
she had noticed some significant
changes in neurologic functions
heat intolerance precipitating a
stumbling gait and a tendency to fall
visual acuity change periodically
NEUROLOGY
She got sick with a flu and her neurologic condition
worsened.

26. the patient abruptly
developed a right
hemisensory deficit after
several days of work
The MRI scan was performed
at that time and revealed a
multifocal white matter
disease - areas of increased T2
signal in both cerebral
hemispheres.
NEUROLOGY

27. FAMILY HISTORY
PERSONAL HISTORY
• high blood pressure
• cancer
• heart disease
• anemia and allergies
• had a tubal ligation.
• mild vibratory sense loss in the distal
lower extremities
NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION
Diagnosis: Multiple Sclerosis
NEUROLOGY

28. PATIENT : 33 Years old / female
who was well until 2 years ago
when she noticed an onset of
numbness in the left arm
She was able to walk normally but a
few weeks later developed a relapse
of neurologic dysfunction
NEUROLOGY

29. How many possible demyelinating lesions
could be suspected in this patient based
upon the clinical history?
At least 4 areas of the CNS may be involved:
•abnormal vision with blind spots
•optic pallor
•diplopia
NEUROLOGY

30. What is the most likely location of
the demyelinating lesion that is
causing these problems in the
patient?
Spinal cord,
around T4-T5
Which 2 major neurological
systems (or tracts) are quite
apparently affected in this
patient?
A. pyramidal system
B. dorsal columns-
medial lemniscus
system
NEUROLOGY

31. IN CONCLUSION , WHAT’S THE
MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS FOR THIS
PATIENT ?
NEUROLOGY

32. NEUROLOGY