Treatment of depression
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This presentation done by 5th medical student Any mistakes "if there" is from the sources that were written at the end.
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Anti depressants
- Depression is characterized by loss of interest and pleasure in activities, and is thought to involve decreased activity of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.
- Major classes of antidepressants include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and heterocyclic antidepressants.
- TCAs and SNRIs work by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, while SSRIs selectively inhibit serotonin reuptake. MAOIs inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase responsible for breaking down monoamine neurotransmitters
Mahi anti depressants
slides collected from many eminent teachers nd few from sildeshare in view of ug/pg studnets not to miss any topic.
Lect. 4 Clinical Depression and Antidepressants
This document summarizes a lecture on clinical depression and antidepressants. It discusses the classification, mechanisms of action, indications, and side effects of various classes of antidepressants including tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). It also covers the symptoms and comorbidities of clinical depression as well as the delayed onset of antidepressant effect.
Anesthesia 5th year, 6th lecture (Dr. Aamir)
Premedication involves both psychological preparation of the patient through discussion as well as administration of drugs to reduce anxiety, provide sedation and analgesia, and decrease anesthetic requirements. Common drugs given orally or intramuscularly 1-2 hours before induction include benzodiazepines like lorazepam and midazolam, opioids like morphine and meperidine, barbiturates like secobarbital and pentobarbital, and antacids. The goals of premedication are to reduce anxiety, provide sedation and analgesia, induce amnesia, decrease sympathetic responses, and prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting.
Psychopharmacology
The document discusses various classes of psychotropic medications used to treat mental health conditions. It covers antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, medications for ADHD, and sedative-hypnotics. Key principles of psychopharmacotherapy are diagnostic assessment, insufficiency of medication alone, importance of illness phase, and risk-benefit considerations in treatment strategies.
Αντικαταθλιπτικα
This document discusses types of depression, symptoms, diagnosis, causes and treatment options. It describes major depression, chronic depression, atypical depression and bipolar disorder. Symptoms include persistent sadness, loss of pleasure, changes in appetite and sleep. Diagnosis involves patient history, blood tests and DSM-IV criteria. Causes may include genetics, death, abuse and medications. Treatments include psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, medications like SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs and MAOIs which work by inhibiting reuptake of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. Side effects of medications are also discussed.
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This document discusses antidepressants and the pathophysiology of depression. It describes different types of antidepressant drugs, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It discusses several hypotheses for the pathophysiology of depression related to neurotrophic factors, neuroendocrine systems, and the interactions between monoamine systems, HPA axis, and neurotrophic factors like BDNF. The document also provides details on the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological effects, and side effects of MAOIs as one class of antidepressant drugs.
Citalopram presentation
David studied neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia to gain a wider understanding of involved drugs and their targets. He summarized information on major depressive disorder (MDD) and the antidepressant drug Citalopram. MDD is a common mental illness associated with reduced quality of life and increased suicide risk. Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used to treat MDD by increasing synaptic serotonin levels. However, some patients do not respond to SSRIs and they have a delayed onset of action leading to discontinuation of treatment for many. Combining SSRIs with 5HT receptor antagonists may improve efficacy and reduce discontinuation.
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Anti depressants
- Depression is characterized by loss of interest and pleasure in activities, and is thought to involve decreased activity of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain.
- Major classes of antidepressants include tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and heterocyclic antidepressants.
- TCAs and SNRIs work by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine, while SSRIs selectively inhibit serotonin reuptake. MAOIs inhibit the enzyme monoamine oxidase responsible for breaking down monoamine neurotransmitters
Mahi anti depressants
slides collected from many eminent teachers nd few from sildeshare in view of ug/pg studnets not to miss any topic.
Lect. 4 Clinical Depression and Antidepressants
This document summarizes a lecture on clinical depression and antidepressants. It discusses the classification, mechanisms of action, indications, and side effects of various classes of antidepressants including tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). It also covers the symptoms and comorbidities of clinical depression as well as the delayed onset of antidepressant effect.
Anesthesia 5th year, 6th lecture (Dr. Aamir)
Premedication involves both psychological preparation of the patient through discussion as well as administration of drugs to reduce anxiety, provide sedation and analgesia, and decrease anesthetic requirements. Common drugs given orally or intramuscularly 1-2 hours before induction include benzodiazepines like lorazepam and midazolam, opioids like morphine and meperidine, barbiturates like secobarbital and pentobarbital, and antacids. The goals of premedication are to reduce anxiety, provide sedation and analgesia, induce amnesia, decrease sympathetic responses, and prevent postoperative nausea and vomiting.
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The document discusses various classes of psychotropic medications used to treat mental health conditions. It covers antipsychotics, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, medications for ADHD, and sedative-hypnotics. Key principles of psychopharmacotherapy are diagnostic assessment, insufficiency of medication alone, importance of illness phase, and risk-benefit considerations in treatment strategies.
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This document discusses types of depression, symptoms, diagnosis, causes and treatment options. It describes major depression, chronic depression, atypical depression and bipolar disorder. Symptoms include persistent sadness, loss of pleasure, changes in appetite and sleep. Diagnosis involves patient history, blood tests and DSM-IV criteria. Causes may include genetics, death, abuse and medications. Treatments include psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, medications like SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs and MAOIs which work by inhibiting reuptake of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. Side effects of medications are also discussed.
antidepressant drugs.pptx
This document discusses antidepressants and the pathophysiology of depression. It describes different types of antidepressant drugs, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It discusses several hypotheses for the pathophysiology of depression related to neurotrophic factors, neuroendocrine systems, and the interactions between monoamine systems, HPA axis, and neurotrophic factors like BDNF. The document also provides details on the mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacological effects, and side effects of MAOIs as one class of antidepressant drugs.
Citalopram presentation
David studied neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease and schizophrenia to gain a wider understanding of involved drugs and their targets. He summarized information on major depressive disorder (MDD) and the antidepressant drug Citalopram. MDD is a common mental illness associated with reduced quality of life and increased suicide risk. Citalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor used to treat MDD by increasing synaptic serotonin levels. However, some patients do not respond to SSRIs and they have a delayed onset of action leading to discontinuation of treatment for many. Combining SSRIs with 5HT receptor antagonists may improve efficacy and reduce discontinuation.
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This document summarizes the diagnosis and treatment plan for a 60-year-old male patient presenting with anxiety symptoms including palpitations, sweating, giddiness and numbness. After examination, the patient was diagnosed with anxiety. The treatment plan involves prescribing the benzodiazepine clonazepam to enhance GABA activity, the NSAID naproxen to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis and reduce inflammation, the antiemetic ondansetron to block serotonin receptors, and the proton pump inhibitor pantoprazole to inhibit gastric acid production. Patient counseling includes avoiding alcohol, quitting smoking, limiting caffeine, reducing stress, meditating, and staying physically active.
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The document discusses depression, including that it is a serious mood disorder that can affect people of all ages and backgrounds. Depression comes in several types, such as unipolar which involves mood swings in one direction, and bipolar which involves periods of depression and mania. The causes of depression include genetics, medication, substance use, medical conditions, and life events. Treatments include psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, natural alternatives, and antidepressant medications. The document focuses on antidepressant medications, describing the different classes including tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, atypical antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. It provides examples of medications in
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File5
- An antidepressant medication is recommended as the initial treatment for mild to moderate major depressive disorder (MDD) and is definitely recommended for severe MDD. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), mirtazapine, or bupropion are optimal first choices.
- Factors like chronicity, severity, melancholic features, and comorbidities can help predict treatment response and determine the best subsequent treatment steps if the initial treatment is inadequate. Treatment should be optimized at each step by considering dose increases, switches, combinations, or augmentations based on the individual patient.
- Measurement-based care and identifying prognostic and prescript
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The document discusses depression, including that it is a serious mood disorder that can affect people of all ages and backgrounds. Depression comes in several types, such as unipolar which involves mood swings in one direction, and bipolar which involves periods of depression and mania. The causes of depression include genetics, medication, substance use, medical conditions, and life events. Treatments include psychotherapy, electroconvulsive therapy, natural alternatives, and antidepressant medications. The document focuses on antidepressant medications, describing the different classes including tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, atypical antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. It provides examples of medications in
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File5
- An antidepressant medication is recommended as the initial treatment for mild to moderate major depressive disorder (MDD) and is definitely recommended for severe MDD. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), mirtazapine, or bupropion are optimal first choices.
- Factors like chronicity, severity, melancholic features, and comorbidities can help predict treatment response and determine the best subsequent treatment steps if the initial treatment is inadequate. Treatment should be optimized at each step by considering dose increases, switches, combinations, or augmentations based on the individual patient.
- Measurement-based care and identifying prognostic and prescript
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Seizures-definition
Antiepileptics- Classification with example
Anti-epileptic drugs- Phenytoin*, Clonazepam, Valproic Acid, Topiramate, Vigabatrin, Lamotrigine, Carbamazepine*, Gabapentin*.( Structure, chemical name, Molecular formula, Uses, storage, Stability, Formulation, Brand name)
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Seritonin syndrome
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This document discusses the use of SSRIs and SNRIs for pain control. It reviews several studies that have investigated the effects of various SSRIs (citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline) and SNRIs (duloxetine, venlafaxine) on chronic pain conditions. While many studies found positive effects of SSRIs on pain, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. Larger and higher quality studies are still needed. Duloxetine is the only antidepressant approved for neuropathic pain. Venlafaxine and duloxetine, which affect both serotonin and norepinephrine, showed efficacy in pain management.
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This document summarizes various psych drugs including antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics/hypnotics. It describes how antidepressants like SSRIs work to increase serotonin and norepinephrine levels. It also discusses the mechanisms and side effects of different classes of antidepressants and mood stabilizers. The summary outlines conventional and atypical antipsychotics indicating their uses and side effects. Finally, it reviews anxiolytic benzodiazepines and their therapeutic indications as well as risks like dependence.
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1. Antidepressants work by increasing levels of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain. They are divided into several classes including SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and MAOIs.
2. SSRIs are now the most commonly prescribed due to their safer side effect profile. They work by inhibiting reuptake of serotonin. TCAs affect serotonin and norepinephrine but have more side effects.
3. Antidepressants take 2-3 weeks to start working and should be taken long term to prevent relapse of depression. Side effects are usually mild and transient but can include nausea, sexual dysfunction, and dry mouth depending on the drug class.
Pp antidepressants final
This document provides information on drugs used to treat depression. It begins by classifying various types of antidepressants including tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). It then describes the pharmacological actions and side effects of these different classes of antidepressants. Finally, it discusses the clinical uses and limitations of antidepressant therapies in managing conditions like depression, anxiety disorders, and bipolar disorder.
DRUGS USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS.pptx
This document discusses drugs used in the management of affective disorders such as depression and bipolar disorder. It describes four classes of antidepressants - tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and atypical antidepressants. It also discusses mood stabilizers like lithium, carbamazepine, and valproate that are used to treat bipolar disorder. Adverse effects, mechanisms of action, drug interactions, and contraindications are described for various antidepressant and mood stabilizing drugs.
Antidepressants
Gernal information about Antidepressant drugs
Tricyclic antidepressants
MAOIs
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
Selective Nor adrinaline reuptake inhibitors
Atypical Antidepressants
anti depressants drugs for mbbs students pharmacology.ppt
This document discusses antidepressant drugs and their mechanisms of action. It covers several topics:
1. It describes the monoamine neurotransmitter systems (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) and how they are implicated in depression due to decreased activity.
2. It classifies and describes the symptoms of major depressive disorders.
3. It discusses the mechanisms of action, effects, and side effects of different classes of antidepressants including TCAs, SSRIs, atypical antidepressants, and MAOIs.
4. It also briefly discusses the uses of antidepressants for other conditions beyond depression and the treatment of bipolar disorder.
Antidepressant drugs
Depression is a mental illness characterized by changes in mood and loss of interest. It has several potential causes like abuse, loss, isolation, stress, or unemployment. There are different types of depression including unipolar, reactive, endogenous, and bipolar. Antidepressants work by increasing neurotransmitters like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. Common antidepressants include SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and MAO inhibitors. SSRIs are now the first-line treatment due to their safer side effect profile compared to older TCAs.
Antidepressant
The document discusses different types of depression including unipolar, bipolar, and endogenous depression. It also discusses mania, describing it as a pathological change in mood state with increased amine levels. The causes and symptoms of mania are outlined. The document then classifies and describes different types of antidepressant drugs including tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, atypical antidepressants, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors. It discusses their mechanisms of action and side effects.
BScN ANTIDEPRESSANTS.pptx
This document discusses depression, antidepressants, and bipolar disorder. It defines depression as characterized by sadness, changes in sleep/appetite, loss of energy, and suicidal thoughts. Antidepressants are classified into SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, MAOIs, and atypical types. SSRIs are commonly used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, and others. Common side effects include headaches, nausea, sexual dysfunction, and weight changes. SNRIs inhibit serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake and are used for depression, fibromyalgia, and other conditions. Bipolar disorder involves periods of depression and mania, and is treated with lithium or atypical antipsychotics like risper
antipsychotics.pptx
Antidepressants work primarily by increasing levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. The most common classes are SSRIs, SNRIs, TCAs, and MAOIs. SSRIs are usually the first line treatment due to their efficacy and safety. They work by selectively inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin. SNRIs also inhibit norepinephrine reuptake. TCAs and MAOIs are less commonly used now due to their side effect profiles. Common side effects across classes include nausea, sleep disturbances, and sexual dysfunction.
Antidepressants. CNS stimulants.pdf
This document discusses various classes of antidepressants and psychostimulants. It describes antidepressants such as TCAs, SSRIs, SNRIs, atypical antidepressants, and MAOIs. It details their mechanisms of action, examples of drugs in each class, effects, uses, and side effects. The document also covers psychostimulant drugs like amphetamines, their mechanisms in the brain and periphery, clinical uses to improve mood and increase alertness, and risks with long term use.
Shedding Light: Understanding Antidepressant Therapies
Shedding Light: Understanding Antidepressant TherapiesDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences Bhimtal Kumaun University Nainital Uttarakhand Nainital
Depression is a mental health disorder.
Characterized by symptoms like sad mood, loss of interest and pleasure, low energy, worthlessness, guilt, psychomotor retardation or agitation, change in appetite and/ or sleep, melancholia, suicidal thoughts, etc.
It may be unipolar (only depression) or bipolar (cycle of mood swings from mania to depression).
It is the leading psychiatric disorder.
The mood change may have a psychotic basis with delusional thinking or occur in isolation.
Antidepresants are the drugs which can elevate mood in depressive illness.Antidepressants_Hand Out.pdf
The document discusses various classes of antidepressant drugs, including their mechanisms of action, pharmacological profiles, and clinical uses. It describes tricyclic antidepressants which inhibit the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors like fluoxetine selectively block the reuptake of serotonin. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors block the reabsorption of both neurotransmitters. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors prevent the breakdown of monoamines by inhibiting monoamine oxidase.
CNS - disorders , symptoms and treatment
This document discusses depression and its treatment with antidepressants. It first defines depression as a mood disorder causing persistent sadness and loss of interest. It then discusses several theories of depression's causes. Symptoms include changes in sleep, appetite, and thoughts of suicide. Depression is diagnosed based on symptoms lasting over a month and may be caused by medical or psychiatric conditions. Treatment involves psychotherapy, antidepressant medications like SSRIs and SNRIs, or older medications like TCAs and MAOIs. The document focuses on the mechanisms and side effects of various classes of antidepressants.
Antidepressants
Depression is associated with feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and sleep disturbances. It involves decreased levels of monoamines like serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the brain. Common antidepressant drug classes include tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) inhibitors. Antidepressants work by inhibiting the reuptake or breakdown of neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine. They are used to treat conditions like depression, anxiety disorders, OCD, and chronic pain.
Advances in therapy of depression
This document discusses advanced therapies for the treatment of depression. It begins by defining depression and describing its symptoms. It then covers various classifications of antidepressant drugs including SSRIs, SNRIs, and atypical antidepressants. The document discusses the mechanisms of action of these drugs in increasing serotonin and norepinephrine. It provides examples of commonly used antidepressants and their dosages. Newer drugs and non-drug therapies for depression are also summarized, including augmentation therapy, psychological therapies, and complementary/alternative medicines. The document concludes by stating that augmentation therapy can be used when conventional antidepressants are not fully effective.
Similar to Treatment of depression (20)
DRUGS USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS.pptx
DRUGS USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS.pptx
anti depressants drugs for mbbs students pharmacology.ppt
anti depressants drugs for mbbs students pharmacology.ppt
Shedding Light: Understanding Antidepressant Therapies
Shedding Light: Understanding Antidepressant Therapies
Antidepressants its medicine to treat physiology problems
Antidepressants its medicine to treat physiology problems
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- 1. Treatment of depression “pharmacological treat. “ Lamyaa Anwar ALGhafli
- 2. Antidepressant Medications 1- Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) include fluoxetine (Prozac), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), citalopram (Celexa) and escitalopram (Lexapro).
- 3. 2- Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) such as imipramine (Tofranil) and nortriptyline (Pamelor). 3- Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) such as tranylcypromine (Parnate) and phenelzine (Nardil). MAOIs are often useful in treatment of “atypical” depression.
- 4. 4- Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs) Bupropion (Wellbutrin). 5- Atypical antidepressants include trazodone, mirtazapine (Remeron) and vilazodone .
- 5. 6- Serotonin and Noradrenalin Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) includes venlafaxine; desvenlafaxine; duloxetine. 7- Reversible Inhibitors of MonoAmine oxidase (RIMAs) Moclobemide.
- 6. 8- Noradrenaline-Serotonin Specific Antidepressants (NaSSAs) Mirtazapine. 9- Noradrenalin Reuptake Inhibitors (NARIs) Reboxetine. All antidepressant medications are equally effective but differ in side effect profiles. Medications usually take 4 to 8 weeks to work.
- 7. Adjuvant Medications 1- Stimulants such as methylphenidate 2- Antipsychotics 3- Liothyronine (T3), levothyroxine (T4), lithium,or L-tryptophan (serotonin precursor) 4- Deplin
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