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DIABETES AWARENESS.pptx
- 2. CONTENT What is Diabetes Mellitus? Types of Diabetes Signs and symptoms How to diagnose diabetes? Complications Treatment Summary
- 3. What is diabetes • Diabetes is a disease in which blood glucose levels are above normal. Most of the food we eat is turned in to glucose, or sugar, for our body to use • The pancreas, makes a hormone called insulin to help glucose get in to the cells of our bodies • When you have diabetes, your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or can’t use its own insulin as well as it should. This causes sugar to build up in your blood
- 4. Types of Diabetes • Type 1 (Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) • Juvenile-onset diabetes, may account for 5% to 10% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes • Type 2 (Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus) • Adult-onset diabetes, may account for about 90% to 95% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes • Weight gain/obesity • Gestational diabetes • Pregnant women who gets diabetes mellitus
- 5. Symptoms • Frequent Urination • Excessive thirst • Unexplained weight loss • Extreme hunger • Sudden vision changes • Tingling or numbness in hands or feet • Feeling very tired much of the time • Very dry skin • Sores that are slow to heal • More infections than usual
- 6. Polyuria Polyphagia Polydipsia Warning signs of Diabetes
- 7. How to diagnose Diabetes Normal Prediabetes Diabetes Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) < 100 mg/dl 100 mg/dl – 125 mg/dl >=126 mg/dl Post Prandial Glucose (PPG) <140 mg /dl 140 mg/dl – 199 mg/dl >=200 mg/dl Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) < 5.7 % 5.7% – 6.4% >=6.5% • HbA1c reflects average plasma glucose over the previous eight to 12 weeks • Can be performed at any time of the day • The most preferred test for assessing Diabetes
- 8. Complications • Eye – Can get blurring of vision leading to blindness • Heart – High risk of heart attack • Kidney failure leading to dialysis • Nerves- reduce sensation to both hands and feet leading to injury, which can be complicated further by infection
- 9. Treatment • Lifestyle modification • Diet control • Physical activity 30 min*3 times a week • Weight reduction • Stop smoking • Medical Therapy • Oral hypoglycaemic agent • Insulin injection • Control blood pressure • Control cholesterol level
- 10. Summary • Diabetes is a serious disease with multiple complication • Diabetes is common but you can reduce your risk by losing even a small amount of weight
- 11. THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- There are three main signs of Diabetes : Polyuria- The urination frequency of the patient is increased. He will also gets excessive urination during the night also Polyphagia- Excessive eating. The diabetes patient will be eating in very short intervals Polydipsia- Excessive thirst. The diabetes patients drinks a lot of water and very frequently. There will be sudden weight loss and also the person will feel tired and he will feel very low on energy
- As you all will agree that to treat a disease, getting a correct diagnosis is very important. For diabetes, a lot of test are there to check blood glucose level. First we need to understand what is Prediabetes- We can say it is a warning stage that the patient might get converted to diabetic if he does not take proper care like lifestyle modification, proper precautions Fasting plasma glucose- we normally call it as fasting sugar level. It is the blood glucose levels after long hours of fasting normally after 8 hours. Mainly this is taken at early morning hours since there is overnight fasting. If there is high blood glucose level in a single reading, we can not declare the patient as diabetic. Many factors are there like he might have consumed sweets high in calories at night. So continuous monitoring is required Post Prandial Glucose- it is the blood sugar level that we take after food uptake. Normally we take PPG after 2 hors of food. The reasons behind it is that after we eat the food because it is time when the blood glucose is balanced Random blood sugar level- It is the sugar at any point of time HBA1C- It is also called as glycated hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is red pigment in the blood which carries oxygen to every part of the body. When the blood glucose combines with hemoglobin, it is called as glycated hemoglobin (HCA1C). The amount of glucose that combines with this protein is directly proportional to the total amount of sugar that is in your system at that time. The hemoglobin is present in RBC, because RBC in the human body survive for 8-12 weeks before renewal, measuring glycated haemoglobin (or HbA1c) can be used to reflect average blood glucose levels over that duration, providing a useful longer-term gauge of blood glucose control If your blood sugar levels have been high in recent weeks, your HbA1c will also be greater.