The document provides information about diabetes, including: 1) It defines diabetes as a disease resulting from the body's inability to properly regulate blood sugar levels, either due to not producing enough insulin or not responding properly to the insulin produced. 2) It describes the three main types of diabetes - Type 1 caused by lack of insulin production, Type 2 caused by insulin resistance or lack of insulin, and gestational diabetes during pregnancy. 3) It emphasizes the importance of eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and monitoring blood sugar levels in managing diabetes to prevent or delay health complications.

1. KKouaka

2. In the next 20-30 minutes presentation, the
audience will gain some information on the
diabetes.
At the end of the presentation, with at least
85% accuracy, attendees will be able to define
diabetes, determine the causes, identify the
symptoms of diabetes, ascertain if they have
the disease, control, and manage diabetes.
Introduction

3. On a scale of 5 rate your knowledge about
diabetes
None Little Moderate Enough Excellent
1 2 3 4 5

4. Diabetes results from a person’s high blood
glucose (blood sugar), either because insulin
production is inadequate, or because the body's
cells do not respond properly to insulin, or both
Insulin is a hormone that is important for
metabolism and utilization of energy from the
ingested nutrients (glucose).
A hormone is a chemical messenger that
transports a signal from one cell to another

5. Diabetes is a disease resulting from the
abnormality of metabolism
The digestive system break down the consumed
food into glucose (a form of sugar in the blood)
to energize the human body for daily activities.
Medical doctors refer to a disorder of the
metabolism causing excessive thirst and the
production of large amounts of urine as
diabetes mellitus

6. Poor diet. Diets high in refined foods and sweets
(and low in fresh fruits, vegetables, whole
grains, and lean protein)
Sedentary lifestyle. Exercise is key to regulating
blood sugar levels and regular exercise is
necessary for optimal health.
Being overweight or obese. Extra fat contributes
to insulin resistance, which in turn can eventually
turn into diabetes.

7. Being older. Diabetes is more common in people age 50
or older (although it can occur at any age, and is
unfortunately being diagnosed more and more in
children).
Genetics. There is a hereditary link where a parent (or
parents) can pass diabetes on to their children.
Visit your doctor and advise him if you have been
experiencing any signs of diabetes. And get tested -
many people are unaware they have the disease!
Making your health a priority can help to prevent or
delay a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes

8. Question Yes No
Do you experience the urge to urinate more
frequently during nighttime?
Do you feel unusually tired and excessively
exhausted or fatigued all the time?
Do you experience excessive hunger pangs and
craving for sweets?
Do you suffer from sudden mood swings and
irritability?
Do you experience any kind of tingling sensation
or numbness in your hands, feet or fingers?
Do you suffer from blurred vision?
If you answer yes to all questions, you might have the disease

9. There are three types of diabetes
Failure of insulin production leads to the precarious
condition of diabetes mellitus.
Insulin controls the central metabolic processes

10. Type 1 Diabetes
It results from the body
inadequacy to produce
insulin.
It insulin-dependent
diabetes, juvenile
diabetes, or early-onset
diabetes.
People usually develop
type 1 diabetes before their
40th year, often in early
adulthood or teenage years
Patients with type 1
diabetes will need to take
insulin injections for the
rest of their life.
Get the facts

11. Type 2 Diabetes
The pancreatic cells in the body do not produce enough insulin for
proper function, or the cells in the body do not react to insulin (insulin
resistance). Approximately 90% of all cases of diabetes worldwide are
of this type.
Patients with type 2 diabetes might use prescribed drugs to reduce their
blood sugar or might require externally supplied insulin if other
medications fail to control blood glucose levels adequacy
(Nordqvist, 2013; Vable et al., 2011).
Overweight and obese individuals have a much higher risk of developing
type 2 diabetes than people with a healthy body weight. People with a
lot of visceral fat (central obesity, belly fat, or abdominal obesity) are
especially at risk.
Being overweight/obese causes the body to release chemicals that can
destabilize the body's cardiovascular and metabolic systems.

12. Type 3 Diabetes
Type 3 is gestational diabetes. This type affects
females during pregnancy.
Some women have very high levels of glucose in
their blood, and their bodies are unable to produce
enough insulin to transport all of the glucose into
their cells, resulting in progressively rising levels of
glucose.

13. Type 1
Frequent
urination
Unusual thirst
Extreme
hunger
Unusual
weight loss
Extreme
fatigue and
Irritability
Type 2
Any of the type 1
symptoms
Frequent infections
Blurred vision
Cuts/bruises that are
slow to heal
Tingling/numbness in the
hands/feet
Recurring skin, gum, or
bladder infections

14. Symptoms: Graphic
And Visual

15. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG)
Individuals can monitor their glucose level with a glucose meter, a
small, battery-operated and easy to use device
Research results revealed that standard medical advice lead to diabetes
self-management behaviors across the United States (Vaccaro et
al., 2012, p. 8).
Planning your food consumption
Overweight and obese individuals have a much higher risk of developing
type 2 diabetes than people with a healthy body weight. People with a
lot of visceral fat (central obesity, belly fat, or abdominal obesity) are
especially at risk.
Being overweight/obese causes the body to release chemicals that can
destabilize the body's cardiovascular and metabolic systems.

16. Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG)
No one ignores the existing differences among
individuals. Hence, the need to customize food
cure to control Type 2 Diabetes. The
nutritionists and doctors offer free online
services to help in this matter. Please, click on
the following link for personalized doctor
diagnosis and prescription: (
http://www.joybauer.com/quizzes/type-2-
diabetes.aspx?xid=gc&gclid=CNmjlYD14LYCFUFo
4AodkiQAWA)

17. Fasting Blood Sugar Range Mg/DL Mmol/L
Low Blood Sugar 30 - 70 1.7 – 3.9
Normal Blood Sugar 70 - 100 3.9 – 5.5
Pre-Diabetic Range 101 - 125 5.6 -6.9
Diabetes Range 126 - 600 7.0 – 33.3
Conversion Chart for Blood Sugar Levels:
mg/dL to mmol/L (Self-Monitoring)
8 mg/dL of blood glucose = 1 mmol/L of blood glucose
(reading after fasting for a minimum of 8 hours)

18. Planning your food
consumption
Overweight and
obese individuals
have a much higher
risk of developing
type 2 diabetes than
people with a healthy
body weight. People
with a lot of belly fa
are especially at risk.
Being
overweight/obese
causes the body to
release chemicals
that can destabilize
the body's
cardiovascular and
metabolic systems.
Plan
Intelligently

19. Diabetes Food Pyramid
Doctors and dietitians
recommend to eat
more from the bottom
of the pyramid than
the top

20. 1. Using a dinner plate, draw an
imaginary line down the middle of
your plate, then divide the left side
of your plate once more into 2 equal
sections. Now you have 3 sections
on your plate—2 small and 1 large.
2. For every meal, try to fill the
largest section with non-starchy
vegetables such as spinach
3. In 1 of the small sections, place
starchy foods such as whole-grain
breads, rice, pasta, tortillas, peas, p
otatoes, corn, lima beans, low-fat
crackers or chips, or pretzels.
4. In the other small section, put
your low-fat meat such as a deck-of-
cards-size piece of
chicken, tuna, salmon, cod, lean
beef, or pork; or go with high-
protein meat substitutes such as
tofu, eggs, or low-fat cheese.

21. Physical activity lowers the levels of blood sugar
Aerobic exercises such as brisk walking, jogging
or biking are especially good
Gardening and housework can lower the blood
sugar

22. Insulin and oral diabetes medications
deliberately work to lower the blood sugar
It is imperative to consult a doctor

23. Conclusion
It is imperative to eat well and exercise
regularly to prevent and/or control diabetes

24. Markowitz, J.T., Volkening, L.K., Butler, D. A., Antisdel-
Lomaglio, J., Anderson, B. J., & Laffel, L. M. (2012). Re-examining a measure
of diabetes-related burden in parents of young people with Type 1 diabetes:
The problem areas in diabetes survey - parent pevised version (PAID-PR).
Diabetic Medicine: A Journal Of The British Diabetic Association, 29(4), 526-
530
Nordqvist, C. (2013). Diabetes information section. Retrieved from
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes/
Vable, A. M., M.P.H., Drum, M. L., PhD., Tang, H., Chin, Marshall
H,M.D., M.P.H., Lindau, Stacy T,M.D., M.A.P.P., & Huang, Elbert S,M.D., M.P.H.
(2011). Implications of the new definition of diabetes for health disparities.
Journal of the National Medical Association, 103(3), 219-23. Retrieved from
http://search.proquest.com/docview/878542978?accountid=14872
Vaccaro, J., Feaster, D., Lobar, S., Baum, M., Magnus, M., & Huffman, F.
(2012). Medical advice and diabetes self-management reported by Mexican-
American, Black- and White-non-Hispanic adults across the United States.
BMC Public Health, 12(185), 1-10. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-185

25. 1. What is Diabetes?
A. The body’s inability to regulate the amount of
sugar (specifically, glucose) in the blood
B. A lack of insulin production in the body
C. Improper response to insulin of body's cells
D. Individuals with high blood sugar
E. All of the above

26. TRUE False
2. No one can control diabetes

27. TRUE False
3. Diabetes should eat well and
exercise regularly

28. TYPE 1
TYPE 2
Frequent urination
Unusual thirst
Extreme hunger
Unusual weight loss
Extreme fatigue and Irritability
Frequent infections
Blurred vision
Cuts/bruises that are slow to heal
Recurring skin, gum, or bladder infections
4. Match the
following
Assessment

29. Assessment
5. Homework
Please, click on the following link
for personalized doctor diagnosis
and prescription: (
http://www.joybauer.com/quizze
s/type-2-)

31. Tick the appropriate box for each question True False
1.When a person with diabetes feels very
thirsty, is urinating frequently, feels
tired, he/she may have high blood
glucose or hyperglycemia.
2. As long as a person with diabetes does
not eat sugar or foods containing sugar
his/her blood glucose will be controlled .
3. It is very important that the frail senior
person with diabetes eat enough food to
provide adequate nutrition.
4. It is important to soak the feet if
someone has diabetes
Group Post Test

32. Thank You
Refreshment