The document discusses design for recycling (DfR) and closing material loops through industrial ecology. It emphasizes sustainability and avoiding waste by designing products and systems to be easily recyclable. Specific examples discussed include legislation requiring manufacturers to take back products, automobile and electronics recycling programs, and techniques for separating materials to make them recyclable. The challenges of recycling thermoset plastics and mixed materials are also covered, as well as examples of BMW and Xerox incorporating recycled materials back into new products to close recycling loops.
Green chemistry – The Chemical Industries' Way To Go GreenTariq Tauheed
At a time when everyone seems to be concerned about the environment, how exactly would the chemical industries play their part? A sneak peek into the fundamentals of how the chemical industries can adapt, and/or restructure.
We need the earth, the
Green chemistry – The Chemical Industries' Way To Go GreenTariq Tauheed
At a time when everyone seems to be concerned about the environment, how exactly would the chemical industries play their part? A sneak peek into the fundamentals of how the chemical industries can adapt, and/or restructure.
We need the earth, the
Plastic Waste Management and Recycling TechnologiesBHU
Its time to prevent the plastic usage by using 4Rs such as- Refuse, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
How to manage and utilize the Plastic Waste with the developed Technologies for Recycling.
These approaches encompass new synthesis and processes as well as new tools for instructing aspiring chemists how to do the chemistry in a more environmentally benign manner. The pros to industry as well as the environment are all a part of the positive impact that Green Chemistry is having in the chemistry community and in the society in general. It is important that chemists develop novel Green Chemistry options even on an incremental basis. While all the elements of the lifecycle of a new chemical or process may not be environmentally benign, it is nonetheless pivotal to improve those stages where improvements can be made. The next phase of assessment can then focus on the elements of the lifecycle that are still in need of the improvement. Even though a new Green Chemistry methodology does not solve at once every problem allied with the lifecycle of a particular chemical or process, the advances that it does make are nonetheless very key. Green Chemistry that mainly possesses the spirit of sustainable development was booming in the 1990s
Power Point Presentation on GREEN CHEMISTRY
(info on pollution, causes and its prevention)
Friends if you found this helpful please click the like button. and share it :)
Performance is a key aspect when developing an application, but for developers, production performance usually is a black box. When production problems arise, a lack of insight into log files and performance metrics forces us to reproduce issues locally before we can start to tackle the root cause. Using real world examples, we show how a unified performance management platform helps teams across the lifecycle to monitor applications, detect problems early on, and collect data that enables developers to efficiently solve problems.
Plastic Waste Management and Recycling TechnologiesBHU
Its time to prevent the plastic usage by using 4Rs such as- Refuse, Reduce, Reuse and Recycle.
How to manage and utilize the Plastic Waste with the developed Technologies for Recycling.
These approaches encompass new synthesis and processes as well as new tools for instructing aspiring chemists how to do the chemistry in a more environmentally benign manner. The pros to industry as well as the environment are all a part of the positive impact that Green Chemistry is having in the chemistry community and in the society in general. It is important that chemists develop novel Green Chemistry options even on an incremental basis. While all the elements of the lifecycle of a new chemical or process may not be environmentally benign, it is nonetheless pivotal to improve those stages where improvements can be made. The next phase of assessment can then focus on the elements of the lifecycle that are still in need of the improvement. Even though a new Green Chemistry methodology does not solve at once every problem allied with the lifecycle of a particular chemical or process, the advances that it does make are nonetheless very key. Green Chemistry that mainly possesses the spirit of sustainable development was booming in the 1990s
Power Point Presentation on GREEN CHEMISTRY
(info on pollution, causes and its prevention)
Friends if you found this helpful please click the like button. and share it :)
Performance is a key aspect when developing an application, but for developers, production performance usually is a black box. When production problems arise, a lack of insight into log files and performance metrics forces us to reproduce issues locally before we can start to tackle the root cause. Using real world examples, we show how a unified performance management platform helps teams across the lifecycle to monitor applications, detect problems early on, and collect data that enables developers to efficiently solve problems.
Design for reliability in automotive electronicsGil Sharon
This is a slide show that I presented last year in Detroit. This presentation talks about what it takes to design reliable electronics in automotive applications. There is a brief primer on reliability in general and a discussion on the effects of temperature cycling on solder and copper fatigue.
Design for Environment by Waqas Ali Tunio
Presented by me in subject of Pollution Analysis & Control, in my 7th semester of Mechanical Engineering of 2007-Mechanical Batch in year 2010.
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, Science & Technology, Nawabshah - Pakistan
www.aliwaqas.tk
Integrating User Experience Design into the Product LifecycleICS
There is overwhelming evidence that investing in the user experience (UX) produces a superior product. When the needs of the customer are met, it becomes much easier to meet business goals. Many companies still do not put their focus on UX, instead relying on what organically comes out of the software development process. Often, it is not a lack of interest in UX, but rather a gap in skills and knowledge that prevents good UX design practices from being applied to product development.
Learn how to put “UX First” in the product lifecycle, allowing developers to focus on engineering tasks and build the correct product to meet and exceed customer needs. We will explore the relationship of UX to Agile development methods, help explain some of the UX jargon and present strong business reasons to focus on UX no matter where you are currently in the product lifecycle.
Learn more: http://www.ics.com/ux-video
Design Quality: Learning from the Mistakes of the US Auto IndustryJake Truemper
This presentation covers the early success of the US auto industry, as pioneered by Henry Ford, through present day struggles. Detroit's "Big Three" ultimately self-destructed by focusing on production and short-term sales, while Japanese manufacturers, as influenced by Dr. W. Edwards Deming, focused on design quality. Deming's popular "14 Points" are applied to current trends in software and web development, as we draw from history to learn how the information technology field can avoid the same fate.
A Reference Model Based Design of Supply Chain Management CapabilitiesCaaS EU FP7 Project
Capabilities define competitive advantages an organization possesses, and attaining desired capabilities is a challenging task. This paper proposes to use reference models as a basis for the capability design, and it focuses on usage of the SCOR model for designing supply chain management capabilities. The paper outlines a method for the reference model based capability design. The method relies on the correspondence among concepts used in capability modeling and concepts used in the SCOR model. The capability is designed by selecting and combining appropriate process categories and metrics from the reference model. Best practices defined in the referenced model are packaged as capability delivery patterns and are also used in capability design as reusable process fragments. The reference model provides sound foundations for the capability design while capability-oriented view of the reference model enriches it with contextual information.
Authors: Jānis Grabis and Solvita Bērziša
With the increase in global competition, more and more costumers consider reliability as one of their primary deciding factors, when purchasing new products. Several companies have invested in developing their own Design for Reliability (DFR) processes and roadmaps in order to be able to meet those requirements and compete in today’s market. This presentation will describe the DFR roadmap and how to effectively use it to ensure the success of the reliability program by focusing on the following DFR elements.
Integrated green technologies for msw (mam ver.)mamdouh sabour
SA is facing a great challenges for waste management due to the fast demographic and industrial growth, which left the country with accumulative amount of generated waste that needs to be managed in the most cost-effective, sustainable and green.
Engineering Sustainability into the Design ProcessDavid F. Taggart
Presentation to the Engineering College of Cal Poly San Luis Obispo in 2003 on incorporating sustainability principles into the product development process
This final paper should be between 8 to 10 pages for the content, no.docxabhi353063
This final paper should be between 8 to 10 pages for the content, not counting the title page or the reference page.
Incorporate at least three peer reviewed references from articles listed within the online APUS library. The peer reviewed references must be cited within the paper.
Paper already started, references to be used also completed
Reclaiming E-waste Processes and Hazards
Abstract*
This paper will describe the variety of processes that can be used in the extraction of electronic waste (e-waste). There are disadvantages and advantages with each separate process, we will discuss the current processes used and their impact on the environment and workers as well as how the EPA monitors the processes. How economical is processing electronics, what percentage of base metals and precious metals can be reclaimed from e-waste.
The true end of life cycle of high quality electronics can be bought back and resold to consumers as refurbished goods, companies reduces the cost of manufacturing, and profits by resale, this in turn keeps that e-waste out of the landfills. We will look at what companies both 3PL and manufacturing industries are taking advantage, and how companies are getting their products from the consumer and back to the manufacturer in order to recycle and reuse products of e-waste. In addition, what can restrictions does the EPA and State and local authorities put in place to keep electronic waste out of the landfills.
Introduction*
Electronic waste, what is, how does it affect our environment, and how does it affect the industry that produces electronic products bottom line. We will need to first understand cradle to grave as it effects electronic products. Are companies such as Apple taking full advantage of buying back product and refurbishing or extracting all the resources within a product to successfully keep their products out of our landfills. There are many processes from chemical to agricultural strategies using fungi to extract metals from electronics; the later seems to be the most environmentally friendly; however, companies may choose the quickest method rather than the environmentally friendly method. We must also consider environmental health as smaller operation handle e-waste without knowledge of the health hazards that may be present.
Background*
The quantity of waste from electronics has grown since the early 80’s with the innovation of home computers, tape recorders and later iPod’s and other electronics. The use of circuit boards in just about everything the consumer uses has led to a monstrous amount of e-waste proportions. The world produces and estimated 20-50 million tons of e-waste annually (Herat
2013). The United States is the largest producer of e-waste with an estimation of three million tons annually. With new products being produced in force by electronic manufactures the among will only double and triple in amount of waste. There are many problems in the dumping of e-waste in ...
A presentation on Sitra and the circular economy and WCEF for international journalists visiting Finland on 31 October 2018. Presented by Project director Kari Herlevi.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
1. 1
Design for Recycling
(DfR)
How does it work?
“This lecture contains 25% post-consumer
recycled materials.”
Primary goal:
SUSTAINABILITY
(responsibility toward future generations)
In addition:
GREEN TECHNOLOGIES
(pollution avoidance rather
than pollution treatment)
DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENT
(green design)
Basic approach:
INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
(imitation of nature)
Imitation of ecosystem:
ECO-INDUSTRIAL PARKS
(closing material loops,
energy efficiency)
DEMATERALIZATION
(doing with less)
DESIGN FOR RECYCLING
(to promote material loops)
2. 2
A Product’s Life Cycle – From Cradle to Re-incarnation
The term “demanufacture” is appearing more and more, especially in the electronics industry
(DEC, Motorola, IBM), to characterize the process opposite to manufacturing involved in
recycling materials and products. Companies (such as CinTech E-Waste) have sprung to
corner the demanufacturing market.
Growing Importance of DfR
Dwindling resources
- Landfill space, especially in (over) crowded Europe
- Raw material (lesser short term importance)
For example:
- Currently, around 80% of electronics are being sent to landfills
- The US National Renewable Energy Laboratory estimates that 30 billion lbs.
(14 billion kg) of plastics end up being landfilled each year, and
only 1% of plastic waste is recycled.
Social and political climate is changing
- Big social and political push in Europe
- Some states, US Congress and President may want to follow Europe’s lead.
3. 3
European Take-Back Legislation
• European “Take-Back Law” requires automobile (and other) manufacturers to take
back all vehicles (and other products) which were ever sold in that country.
• German regulation on electronic waste obliges the retailer to take back used electronic
equipment from the end-user. The manufacturer/importer is obliged to take back the
products from the retailer.
• Voluntary agreements have been widely accepted by industry and the threat of
legislation has subsided slightly.
Manufacturer Initial manufacture
Take-back, demanufacture
& recycle
European Union - Automobiles
Objectives:
− Avoidance of waste
− Reduction of landfill demand
− Reduction of toxicity
Recycling Targets:
− Maximum of 15% of car weight may be landfilled
or incinerated without energy recovery.
− For models beginning in 2002, maximum of 10% disposal.
− Maximum of 5% of car weight disposal in 2015.
− From 1995, cars must be depolluted before shredding.
− From 1998, 100% of all wrecks to be collected.
A dream for politicians and a nightmare for car manufacturers?
Maybe, but:
In Europe, people are VERY serious about cleaning up the environment.
The US is generally expected to follow European experience and successes.
4. 4
In the US, 95% of automobile hulks are captured
and recycled.
(For reference: 17 million new vehicles are sold
each year in the US.)
As a result, 750 million pounds of scrap is reclaimed
by the auto industry every month.
7. 7
In the US, largest companies formed the Vehicle Recycling Partnership and
the Vehicle Recycling and Dismantling Center in Highland Park to look at
recycling issues.
More than 10 million vehicles are already recycled in the US annually.
Today, more than 95% of all vehicles in the United States go through a market-driven recycling infrastructure,
with no added cost or tax to consumers. More than 75%, by weight, of each end-of-life vehicle (ELV) is
recycled. The CRADA team is working to raise that percentage to as close to 100% as conceivably possible.
“The USCAR Vehicle Recycling Partnership, Argonne and the American Plastics Council really are taking a
national leadership role, addressing the entire lot of shredder residue, regardless of its source,” Gouse added.
“They are working to implement sustainable recycling solutions that keep waste out of landfills, save energy and
put materials into reuse.”
Thus far, the CRADA team impact has been broad and diverse and includes:
- Establishing and publishing preferred practices for recycling.
- Establishing efficient fluid removal processes.
- Running a licensed Vehicle Recycling Development Center
to establish procedures that optimize materials recovery in vehicle dismantling.
- Researching separation technologies for commingled material streams.
- Initiating efforts targeted at removing substances of concern from shredder residue, regardless of its source.
A plastics sorting Pilot Plant in operation at Argonne is one of the more visible demonstrations of the CRADA
team’s research in action. “While the CRADA team is benchmarking and evaluating a range of technology
options for sustainable recycling of ELV, the facility at Argonne serves as a focal point for the team’s work,” said
Ed Daniels, director, Energy Systems Division at Argonne and head of the vehicle recycling research effort at
the Lab.
8. 8
Recovery Priorities
1) Re-use:
- Highest priority from environmental point of view
- All resources (material and energy) put into product during
manufacturing are preserved.
- Requires non-destructive disassembly.
2 ) Material recycling:
- Most common.
- Only materials are preserved, all geometric details are lost.
- Allows for destructive disassembly.
- Also done for recovery of valuable material (ex. gold in electronics)
3) Energy recovery:
- Only energy embodied in materials is preserved through incineration
or pyrolysis.
9. 9
Definitions
Re-use:
The series of activities, including collection, separation, and in some cases
processing, by which products are recovered from the waste stream for new
use in their original intended manner.
Remanufactured components fall under the classification of re-use.
(Germans refer to this as “product recycling”.)
Recycle:
A series of activities, including collection, separation, and processing, by which
products or other materials are recovered from or otherwise diverted from the
solid waste stream for use in the form of raw materials in the manufacture of new
products.
Materials diverted for use as an energy source are considered separately
under the category of energy recovery
Recyclables vs. non-recyclables
Coatings, pigments
Fuels, lubricants
Pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers
Reagents, explosives, detergents
NoNoIII
Packaging materials
Refrigerants, some solventsNoYesII
Most industrial metals
Catalysts, some solventsYesYesI
Examples
Recycling
economically
feasible?
Recycling
technically
feasible?
Class of
non-renewable material
(From Ayres, 1994)
Problem! None of these
materials is renewable!
10. 10
Some products just can’t be recycled!
Solution: These products need to be redesigned to become recyclable.
Often, however, the problem is not a complex assembly of materials,
but a mixture of materials that, if separated, can be individually recycled.
Some existing separation techniques
Riddle Small-size particles pass through a grid while larger particles don’t.
Often used with multiple riddles in a cascade fashion.
Wind sifter Solids are separated by gravity in a wind stream according to density,
form and dimension; light particles are blown away
while heavier particles settle.
Gas cyclone Separates dust from an airflow by means of a centrifugal force.
Hydroclone Same as gas cyclone but used to removed particles from water.
Float-sink Solid particles are separated according to density by immersion
in a fluid of intermediate density.
Magnetism Ferromagnetic elements are lifted away by means of a magnetic field.
Eddy current An eddy current is passed through the mixture of metal particles
in the presence of a fluctuating magnetic field. Conducting particles are
deflected from the flow path while non-conductive ones aren’t.
Electrostatic precipitator Small particles are electrically charged and then removed
by an electric field.
11. 11
If separation can be performed, it is at a cost of energy
because the natural tendency of things is to mix rather than un-mix
(second law of thermodynamics).
There is a theoretical minimum amount of energy, Emin, required to separate
an element in concentration c in a containing material:
)1ln()1(lnmin cccc
c
RT
E
There are essentially three kinds of plastics:
Thermoplastics
- become soft or “plastic” when heated
- are molded or shaped with pressure in the plastic state
- solidify when cooled
- allow reversible (physical) transformations
- are recyclable.
Thermosets
- can be softened and molded, then hardened or “set” when heated once
- are branched polymers with three-dimensional, cross-linked networks
- have no melting point (burn before melting)
- are more stiff, ideal for product covers
- are not recyclable.
Elastometers
- are rubber-like material
- are not recyclable.
Plastics Recycling
12. 12
Refrigerated containers, some bags,
most bottle tops, carpets, some food wrap
PPPolypropylene5
No recycling potential
NEW: Biodegradable plastics
---Other7
Throwaway utensils, meat packing,
protective packing
PSPolystyrene6
Plastic bags, shrink wrap,
garment bags
LDPELow-density
polyethylene
4
Food wrap, vegetable oil bottles,
blister packages
V / PVCVinyl /
Polyvinyl chloride
3
Milk, detergent and oil bottles,
toys, plastic bags
HDPEHigh-density
polyethylene
2
Soda and water containers,
some water-proof packaging
PETEPolyethylene
teraphthalate
1
UsesAbbreviationNameType
Few plastics are compatible with one another…
… Therefore: Avoid mixing plastics or use fewer different plastics.
(Source:PaulBishop,PollutionPrevention,McGraw-Hill,2000,p.401)
13. 13
Recycled plastics (shown in green) in the BMW 3-series
Closing the loop: Putting recycled materials in new products
14. 14
XEROX Equipment Recovery & Parts Reuse/Recycle Process
Raw materials
Fabrication of new parts
Build product
Deliver
Customer use
Return to Xerox
Dismantle
Sort & inspect
Disposal
Recycle materials
Recycle parts
Alternative uses