This document outlines the steps for developing classroom assessment tools, including constructing a table of specification (TOS). It defines a TOS as a two-way chart that describes test topics and the number of items per topic. The document explains how to prepare a TOS by listing topics, determining objectives, specifying time spent on topics, determining percentage allocation per topic, and distributing items to objectives. An example shows how to calculate the percentage and number of items for a specific topic.

1. Development of
Classroom
Assessment
Tools

2. LOGO
Objectives
Point out the steps in planning the test1
Define what is a Table of Specification2
3
4
5
Explain how a Table of Specification is prepared
Construct a Table of Specification
Construct a teacher-made test items

3. LOGO
Basic Steps in Classroom Assessment
 Determine the purpose of assessment
 Develop the specifications
 Select appropriate assessment tasks
 Prepare relevant assessment tasks
 Assemble the assessment
 Administer the assessment
 Appraise the assessment
 Use the results

4. LOGO
As a student have you ever felt
that the test you
studied for was completely or
partially unrelated to the
class activities you
experienced????

5. LOGO
What is a Table of Specification (TOS) ?
Test map that guides teacher in constructing
a test.
Two-way chart which describes the topics to
be covered by a test and the number of items
or points which will be associated with each
topic.
Table of specification is a plan prepared by a
classroom teacher as a basis for test
construction especially a periodic test.

6. LOGO
What is the importance of TOS?
Help teachers frame the decision
making process of test construction
and improve the validity of teachers’
evaluations based on tests
constructed.
Help teachers identify the types of
items they need to include on their
tests.

7. LOGO
What is the importance of TOS?
Helps the teacher to identify the
achievement domains being
measured and to ensure that a fair
and representative sample of
questions appear on the test.
Provides the teacher with evidence
that a test has content validity, that it
covers what should be covered.

8. LOGO
Parts of a TOS
Level objective
Statement of objective
Item number
Number items and percentage

9. LOGO
Table of Specification
Level Objective Item
Numbers
Number Percentage
1.Knowledge
2.Comprehension
3.Application
4.Analysis
5.Synthesis

10. LOGO
Knowledge – remembering facts, terms,
definitions, and concepts.
Comprehension – understanding the
meaning of material.
Application – selecting a concept or skill and
using it to solve a problem.
Analysis – breaking material down into its
parts and explaining the hierarchical
relations
Evaluation – making a judgment based upon
a pre-established set of criteria.

11. LOGO
Steps in Preparing
Table of Specification

12. LOGO
1. List down the topics
covered for inclusion in
the test.
2. Determine the
objectives to be
assessed by the test.
3. Specify the number of
days/hours spent for
teaching a particular
topic.

13. LOGO
4. determine percentage allocation of the test
items for each of the topics covered. The
formula applied is as follows: % for a topic =
Total Number Of Days/ Hours Spent

14. LOGO
EXAMPLE
 Mrs. Reyes utilized 10 hours for teaching the
unit on photosynthesis. She spent 2 hours in
teaching the topic, “Chemical Processes”.
What percentage of test items should she
allocate for the topic? % for a topic .
2÷10 = 0.20 (20%)

15. LOGO
5. Determine the number of the items for each
topic. This can be done by multiplying the
percentage allocation for each topic by the
total number of items to be constructed.

16. LOGO
EXAMPLE
Mrs. Reyes decided to prepare a 50- item test
on the unit, “Photosynthesis”. How many
items should she write for the “Chemical
Processes”?
50 items x 0.20 = 10 items

17. LOGO
6. Distribute the numbers to the objectives.
The number of items allocated for each
objective depends on the degree of
importance attached by the teacher to it.