Various methods have been developed to evaluate workload in everyday life, and various methods of observation have been carried out. But it is still a debate until now. In this journal, the development of biomechanical methods for evaluating workloads which ergonomics will then be compared with the observation method. The observation method used is the SCANIA Ergonomics Standard (SES) and Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) methods which will be used to assess ergonomic workloads on two simulation workstations such as tightening, loosening, or increasing the number of pipes, and carrying out other actions. Sensors are also used to measure biomechanical data (Inclinometers, Accelerometers, and Goniometers). The results obtained show an assessment of the risk factors of RULA and SES according to the final results using biomechanical methods. However, there is a mismatch in the neck and wrist posture. In conclusion, the biomechanical approach is more appropriate than the observation method, but several risk factors are evaluated by unmeasured observation methods with biomechanical techniques that have been developed.
Risk Assessment in Manual Material Handling of an Edible Oil Companyijtsrd
The process of Shifting material manually has the potential for injury to employees. The purpose of this study is to assess and analyze the injury risk level in manual handling activity, as well as to improve the condition. The observed manual material handling activity is truck loading. This activity was analyzed using different software such as NIOSH equation, Rapid Entire Body Assessment, and compression force using 3DSSPP software as well as Nordic body map questionnaire was used to identify body discomfort level. In this study 5 male truck loading operators were taken as subjects, they are loading boxes from stacking area to truck manually. The task involved small repetitive movement while handling material, due to this the load man has faced work related musculoskeletal problems. The Nordic questionnaire is spread among the workers for collecting data, after collecting all information sorted out and analyzes the body parts using above software. The outcome shows that most of the workers who carry out activities have a high level of risk with the score of REBA exceeds points 12 risk is very high, need immediate changes required to improve the task , Literature survey indicates the lifting index should not be in more than 1, but the value obtained is 7.591 the job is more dangerous and stressful . Compression force exceeds the actual limit of 3400, but in this manual handling having compression force is 3408. When the Nordic body mapping method the major discomfort was found in the body parts such as Lower back, Forearm, upper arm. Based on the suggestion conveyor system is introduced and we re assess risk level of the body parts and the result shows that the risk level decreased up to 50 . Therefore replacing manual handling system with the conveyor system with reduces the lower back pain. Mohamed Ismail. S | Muthukumar. K ""Risk Assessment in Manual Material Handling of an Edible Oil Company"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23112.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23112/risk-assessment-in-manual-material-handling-of-an-edible-oil-company/mohamed-ismail-s
Decree of Safe Postures in Manual Lifting Tasks among Some Groups of Construc...Waqas Tariq
This study appraised working postures adopted by two groups of construction workers in Southwestern Nigeria. The objective was to measure and compare the level of safe postures in manual lifting tasks among the workers. Using Ovako Working Postures Analyzing System (OWAS), 844 working postures involving 250 healthy Bricklayers (BL) and Bricklayers’ Assistants (BA), were analyzed. 36% of the total postures observed were classified as Action Group 1 (AG- 1) - not harmful, while the rest postures call for ergonomics interventions. AG-3 and AG-4 (harmful) occupied more than 49% of the total recorded postures. The higher percentage among the safe postures (58%) was recorded in lifting task performed by BA. The study revealed that the degree of safe postures among the groups of workers is comparatively low. Necessary ergonomics measure is required to improve on AG-1 postures among the workers. Such control will reduce the unsafe conditions characterizing manual lifting activities in construction tasks.
Risk Assessment in Manual Material Handling of an Edible Oil Companyijtsrd
The process of Shifting material manually has the potential for injury to employees. The purpose of this study is to assess and analyze the injury risk level in manual handling activity, as well as to improve the condition. The observed manual material handling activity is truck loading. This activity was analyzed using different software such as NIOSH equation, Rapid Entire Body Assessment, and compression force using 3DSSPP software as well as Nordic body map questionnaire was used to identify body discomfort level. In this study 5 male truck loading operators were taken as subjects, they are loading boxes from stacking area to truck manually. The task involved small repetitive movement while handling material, due to this the load man has faced work related musculoskeletal problems. The Nordic questionnaire is spread among the workers for collecting data, after collecting all information sorted out and analyzes the body parts using above software. The outcome shows that most of the workers who carry out activities have a high level of risk with the score of REBA exceeds points 12 risk is very high, need immediate changes required to improve the task , Literature survey indicates the lifting index should not be in more than 1, but the value obtained is 7.591 the job is more dangerous and stressful . Compression force exceeds the actual limit of 3400, but in this manual handling having compression force is 3408. When the Nordic body mapping method the major discomfort was found in the body parts such as Lower back, Forearm, upper arm. Based on the suggestion conveyor system is introduced and we re assess risk level of the body parts and the result shows that the risk level decreased up to 50 . Therefore replacing manual handling system with the conveyor system with reduces the lower back pain. Mohamed Ismail. S | Muthukumar. K ""Risk Assessment in Manual Material Handling of an Edible Oil Company"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23112.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23112/risk-assessment-in-manual-material-handling-of-an-edible-oil-company/mohamed-ismail-s
Decree of Safe Postures in Manual Lifting Tasks among Some Groups of Construc...Waqas Tariq
This study appraised working postures adopted by two groups of construction workers in Southwestern Nigeria. The objective was to measure and compare the level of safe postures in manual lifting tasks among the workers. Using Ovako Working Postures Analyzing System (OWAS), 844 working postures involving 250 healthy Bricklayers (BL) and Bricklayers’ Assistants (BA), were analyzed. 36% of the total postures observed were classified as Action Group 1 (AG- 1) - not harmful, while the rest postures call for ergonomics interventions. AG-3 and AG-4 (harmful) occupied more than 49% of the total recorded postures. The higher percentage among the safe postures (58%) was recorded in lifting task performed by BA. The study revealed that the degree of safe postures among the groups of workers is comparatively low. Necessary ergonomics measure is required to improve on AG-1 postures among the workers. Such control will reduce the unsafe conditions characterizing manual lifting activities in construction tasks.
OPERATING EFFICIENCY STUDY OF AVIATION SECURITY SCREENERS USING THE EYE-TRACK...IAEME Publication
This paper describes studies related to the influence of the fatigue factor on the
oculomotor activity of aviation security screeners. Analysis of possible instrumental
diagnostic methods of the functional status of aviation security screeners was
conducted and the Eye-tracking technology was selected as the one with the greatest
advantages. Overview of the experience in the application of the Eye-tracking
technology when diagnosing the functional status of aviation security screeners is
presented. In this paper for the first time as follows from experimental studies using
the Eye-tracking technology potential fatigue markers of aviation security screeners
with the most accurate changes were identified consistent with earlier studies pursued
by other authors. As the result of solving the problem of the statistical hypothesis
testing it is found that such oculomotor reactions as the blink frequency, the blink
duration average and the pupils diameter average can be used for diagnosing the
functional status of aviation security screeners whereas the saccade frequency did not
change for certain in the period of studies pursued and is not potentially useful for
monitoring. It was demonstrated that the Sugeno fuzzy model based on the subtractive
clustering and ANFIS-learning does better approximate the dependence between
oculomotor activity indicators of aviation security screeners and the prohibited items
detection efficiency in comparison with other models. Model fidelity by the Root-
Mean-Square Error criterion on the learning sample is 0,0348 and on the test sample
is 0,0858 as the case may be. Scientific and theoretical value of this paper involves
developing scientific knowledge related to the influence of the fatigue factor on the
oculomotor activity of aviation security screeners in the course of the working activity
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A study on push pull analysis associated with awkward posture among workers i...eSAT Journals
Abstract In aerospace industries, many working tasks required their workers to perform works in push-pull activity. It is associated with an awkward posture. The awkward posture is a practical working posture when joints are not in neutral position. Furthermore, the workers need to push or pull the mould in a long distance into a workplace. If the workers perform the activity continuously throughout the working hours, they may be experienced back pain problem. The objective of this study is to measure the maximum acceptable initial force and sustained force for push-pull activity while workers perform their tasks. Besides that, this study also wants to identify which activity can endure longer between push or pull activity. Moreover, this study measures the comfort level of working posture. The acceptable initial force and sustained force were measured using Push-Pull Analysis, expressed in Newton, N. The comfort level is measured using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) Analysis, expressed in scoring level. Both of these assessments are analysis tools Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) software. Six production workers from manufacturing department were participated as subjects. The results show the maximum acceptable initial force for push task is 433.942N and pull task is 396.691N. While, the sustained force for push task is 333.465N and pull task is 318.317N. Referring to the results, pushing activity can endure longer than pulling activity while workers perform their tasks. While the comfort level for this working posture is seven. Based on this study, the authors concluded that push-pull activity can lead to the back pain problem for workers in aerospace industry. It’s was influenced by the work activity, work load, work duration of awkward posture and distance between workplace. Keywords:Push-pull activity, awkward posture, Acceptable initial force, Acceptable sustained force, Comfort level
Study on Postural Analysis and Ergonomic Interference on DriversSoumyajitDas47
Musculoskeletal problems (MSD) influence the staffs in numerous professions including vehicle drivers. The examinations happening muscular issues from truck, taxi, and bus drivers were attempted yet there is no investigation to assess these three automobile users and give ergonomic interferences amongst them. In such manner, the study means to survey the level of musculoskeletal problems on critical elements influencing the three automobiles as for demographic contours and undertakings drivers’ appliance. It additionally means to evaluate the degree of musculoskeletal sufferings of physical portions of automobile drivers from the usual factors, and suggest ergonomic facilitations to address frequency of musculoskeletal problems among the drivers. Evaluation on the issues of these vehicle drivers utilizing RULA and CMDQ were attempted. The outcomes exhibited that there was a correlation on the body portions of truck, taxi and bus drivers on the RULA and CMDQ esteems. The vehicle drivers showed that their neck, inferior back, subordinate legs, upper limb and wrists were the main five greatest usual body parts associated with musculoskeletal issues. As such, the study proposes proposed ergonomics interferences required for these body portions.
“Multi-Purpose Manually Operated Cart” is a cart which is designed ergonomically to improve the working conditions of laborers and workers at
construction sites, factories, ports, railway stations, etc. The main objective is to prevent various occupational hazards and improve the quality of life for
workers everywhere. The simple, durable, light weight and cost effective carrier is intended to reduce the pressure put on the spine when load is carried
on the head. There is also a good hand grip which reduces stress on the spine when load is carried on the back or while pushing a cart. In due course of
our study we analyzed working condition of laborers and people living around our city, usually they carry goods or materials on their head, back,
shoulders which make the task more difficult for them and they are more prone to injuries thereby aroused the need of an ergonomic push cart which
would help them to carry materials easy and without injuries. The easily usable carrier, made up of cane which underwent bending process for giving it a
designed shape. This cane structure weighs 1 kg which is provided with cushions and belt. The main objective of the design is to prevent various
occupational hazards and improve the quality of life of the laborer. This product will help them in their work. The carrier can be used into three different
forms. This allows the user to carry lighter loads on the head, medium loads at the back and heavier loads on a trolley. Ergonomically the load is
distributed on the shoulder and at the lumber support by softer material.
Instead of Quantitative Analysis in Improving the Technical SportsIOSR Journals
Our goal is to answer the initial question on the role of biomechanical analysis of technique in shot put
in improving performance in the Algerian athlete. We will try to see if there is a significant difference between
the performance achieved before biomechanical analysis and the analysis followed by a training program that
focuses on the shortcomings and misconduct. We will also note the performances respectively. Much more, we
will compare the second execution (post-program) that the model takes on the champion of Algeria discipline.
Athletic performance is a multi-factorial phenomenon. It is the subject of numerous investigations across
different scientific fields. If the disciplines of the humanities and life sciences allow the coach to take a look at
the meaning attributed to the athlete's motor and biological dispositions that enable it to realize, biomechanics
enables them to understand the human locomotion, to detect the most efficient gestures and possibly correct
errors.
effects of poor plants management and operator’s behaviour on construction si...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The construction work site is often a chaotic place with an incredible high amount of action taking place. Workers and machines move about in frenzy manner, with everyone focused on the task at hand. In such working environment, accidents can and do happen. This study seeks to evaluate the extent poor plant management and operators’ behavior, contribute to construction site accidents and incidents. The review of relevant literature provides the platform for the structured questionnaire survey, which was administered to site managers, supervisors and plant operators within the South-South Geopolitical zone of Nigeria. This was followed by interviews conducted with five (5) construction companies operating within Benin City in Edo State and Warri in Delta State. The findings from questionnaire survey indicated that inadequate plant maintenance, poor supervision, and untrained operators are major factors contributing to plants and equipment accidents. It was further revealed that alcohol and drug use among plant operators contribute to their unsafe behavior on sites. Results of the interviews conducted with the site managers and operators also revealed that there is a general lack of commitment and poor leadership among the management of contracting firms particularly the small and medium size contractors. The paper therefore, concludes that contracting firms whether large or small should demonstrate visible commitment towards the maintenance and training of plant operators. Regular maintenance of available plants, machineries and retraining of operators should be a core value to the contractors.
Application of ergonomics for SME workplace productivity and safety improvementsWinning Minds Solutions
Organizations are continuously striving for cost efficiency by applying various world-class initiatives across the operational chain. One of the powerful micro productivity tools “Ergonomics” which is not being given much emphasis on improving shop floor productivity and safety aspects in SME organizations. One of the reasons could be a misconception that ergonomics can be applied in product design or ergonomics improvements can be administered by high level scholars or it can be implemented only by large scale organizations etc..But it has been proven in many of the SME organizations with a simplified approach of ergonomics application in shop floor, significant productivity, safety and high level of morale can be achieved in shorter timeline.
This presentation will help you
1)To understand the application of ergonomics on productivity and safety improvements in workplace,
2)To learn simple and powerful methodology to assess the fatigue in workplace and implement RIGHT ergonomics solutions
Today, occupational accidents are considered among the potential threats because of their serious humanitarian, economic, social, and environmental consequences. Occupational accidents and injuries are the third cause of mortality in world and the second one in Iran. In addition, the economic and environmental damages of occupational accidents are catastrophic too.According to International Labor Organization (ILO) report in 1999 the average estimated fatal occupational accident rate was 140/100 000 workers and the number of fatal accidents was 335000. Though the registered number of accidents in Iran cannot be a faultless account of all the accidents happened, but in 2000, about 12000 work related accidents have been registered by the Department of Social Security. Calculations indicated that approximately 345000 fatal occupational accidents occurred in 1998 and that over 260 million occupational accidents causing at least 3 days absence happened in the same year. This work aims to study the relation of occupational stress of workers and the accidents in a rice milling industry. The data was collected using questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 30 questions to measure the perception s of the employees about the management practices. A five point likert scale was used. This was prepared based on review of related literature .The contents of this draft questionnaire were discussed with senior safety professional in the industry. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. Descriptive statistics and correlations of the studied variables were first analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the reliability of the management practices. Regression analysis was conducted to test the goodness of fit of the various models. Keywords - industrial safety, occupational stress, accidents, factor analysis
The human foot are adaptable structures of bones, joints, muscles and soft tissue that let us stand upright and perform exercises like walking, running and jumping. To perform a direct investigation or experiment on human foot, it seems very difficult since the structures are very complex compared to other human part body. The study of human foot behaviour is significant to identify the location of injury occurrence and the cause in order to increase the knowledge in the improvement the way to prevent an injury and very useful to improve footwear design as well as enhance its development. The purposes of this study are to develop a finite element model of the human foot and investigate the effect of various loadings produce on various surfaces such as artificial grass, concrete and rubber toward the biomechanical response of the human foot. The foot model reconstruct in CATIA software while finite element model as well as the analysis has done in ANSYS 14.5 software. The rubber surfaces produce the higher peak load when the experimental while concrete surface is the lowest. The peak of stress and strain distribution were occur on the below of human foot location. Strain and stress effect were decreasing when Young’s Modulus value increase with the same amount of loading.
Mitigating Ergonomic Injuries In Construction IndustryIOSR Journals
Abstract : Construction industry is one of the risky industries with high level of injuries. A musculoskeletal
disorder that is one of ergonomic injuries is the most common problem in the construction industry. This type of
injury can really affect the health of the people that are exposed to the hazards for a long period of time. The
purpose of this paper is to discuss the way to control ergonomic risk factors in construction operations and also
monitor and assess the process of program implementation to prevent or cutout ergonomic risk factors in the
construction industry. The discussion gives a basic overview of ergonomic risk factors and tries to develop
control measures for preventing accidents which are possible to happen in feature and also provides a
comprehensive monitoring to minimize and avoid such risk factors.
Keywords - Construction, Control Measures, Ergonomic risk factors, Hazard, Musculoskeletal Disorder.
OPERATING EFFICIENCY STUDY OF AVIATION SECURITY SCREENERS USING THE EYE-TRACK...IAEME Publication
This paper describes studies related to the influence of the fatigue factor on the
oculomotor activity of aviation security screeners. Analysis of possible instrumental
diagnostic methods of the functional status of aviation security screeners was
conducted and the Eye-tracking technology was selected as the one with the greatest
advantages. Overview of the experience in the application of the Eye-tracking
technology when diagnosing the functional status of aviation security screeners is
presented. In this paper for the first time as follows from experimental studies using
the Eye-tracking technology potential fatigue markers of aviation security screeners
with the most accurate changes were identified consistent with earlier studies pursued
by other authors. As the result of solving the problem of the statistical hypothesis
testing it is found that such oculomotor reactions as the blink frequency, the blink
duration average and the pupils diameter average can be used for diagnosing the
functional status of aviation security screeners whereas the saccade frequency did not
change for certain in the period of studies pursued and is not potentially useful for
monitoring. It was demonstrated that the Sugeno fuzzy model based on the subtractive
clustering and ANFIS-learning does better approximate the dependence between
oculomotor activity indicators of aviation security screeners and the prohibited items
detection efficiency in comparison with other models. Model fidelity by the Root-
Mean-Square Error criterion on the learning sample is 0,0348 and on the test sample
is 0,0858 as the case may be. Scientific and theoretical value of this paper involves
developing scientific knowledge related to the influence of the fatigue factor on the
oculomotor activity of aviation security screeners in the course of the working activity
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A study on push pull analysis associated with awkward posture among workers i...eSAT Journals
Abstract In aerospace industries, many working tasks required their workers to perform works in push-pull activity. It is associated with an awkward posture. The awkward posture is a practical working posture when joints are not in neutral position. Furthermore, the workers need to push or pull the mould in a long distance into a workplace. If the workers perform the activity continuously throughout the working hours, they may be experienced back pain problem. The objective of this study is to measure the maximum acceptable initial force and sustained force for push-pull activity while workers perform their tasks. Besides that, this study also wants to identify which activity can endure longer between push or pull activity. Moreover, this study measures the comfort level of working posture. The acceptable initial force and sustained force were measured using Push-Pull Analysis, expressed in Newton, N. The comfort level is measured using Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) Analysis, expressed in scoring level. Both of these assessments are analysis tools Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Interactive Application (CATIA) software. Six production workers from manufacturing department were participated as subjects. The results show the maximum acceptable initial force for push task is 433.942N and pull task is 396.691N. While, the sustained force for push task is 333.465N and pull task is 318.317N. Referring to the results, pushing activity can endure longer than pulling activity while workers perform their tasks. While the comfort level for this working posture is seven. Based on this study, the authors concluded that push-pull activity can lead to the back pain problem for workers in aerospace industry. It’s was influenced by the work activity, work load, work duration of awkward posture and distance between workplace. Keywords:Push-pull activity, awkward posture, Acceptable initial force, Acceptable sustained force, Comfort level
Study on Postural Analysis and Ergonomic Interference on DriversSoumyajitDas47
Musculoskeletal problems (MSD) influence the staffs in numerous professions including vehicle drivers. The examinations happening muscular issues from truck, taxi, and bus drivers were attempted yet there is no investigation to assess these three automobile users and give ergonomic interferences amongst them. In such manner, the study means to survey the level of musculoskeletal problems on critical elements influencing the three automobiles as for demographic contours and undertakings drivers’ appliance. It additionally means to evaluate the degree of musculoskeletal sufferings of physical portions of automobile drivers from the usual factors, and suggest ergonomic facilitations to address frequency of musculoskeletal problems among the drivers. Evaluation on the issues of these vehicle drivers utilizing RULA and CMDQ were attempted. The outcomes exhibited that there was a correlation on the body portions of truck, taxi and bus drivers on the RULA and CMDQ esteems. The vehicle drivers showed that their neck, inferior back, subordinate legs, upper limb and wrists were the main five greatest usual body parts associated with musculoskeletal issues. As such, the study proposes proposed ergonomics interferences required for these body portions.
“Multi-Purpose Manually Operated Cart” is a cart which is designed ergonomically to improve the working conditions of laborers and workers at
construction sites, factories, ports, railway stations, etc. The main objective is to prevent various occupational hazards and improve the quality of life for
workers everywhere. The simple, durable, light weight and cost effective carrier is intended to reduce the pressure put on the spine when load is carried
on the head. There is also a good hand grip which reduces stress on the spine when load is carried on the back or while pushing a cart. In due course of
our study we analyzed working condition of laborers and people living around our city, usually they carry goods or materials on their head, back,
shoulders which make the task more difficult for them and they are more prone to injuries thereby aroused the need of an ergonomic push cart which
would help them to carry materials easy and without injuries. The easily usable carrier, made up of cane which underwent bending process for giving it a
designed shape. This cane structure weighs 1 kg which is provided with cushions and belt. The main objective of the design is to prevent various
occupational hazards and improve the quality of life of the laborer. This product will help them in their work. The carrier can be used into three different
forms. This allows the user to carry lighter loads on the head, medium loads at the back and heavier loads on a trolley. Ergonomically the load is
distributed on the shoulder and at the lumber support by softer material.
Instead of Quantitative Analysis in Improving the Technical SportsIOSR Journals
Our goal is to answer the initial question on the role of biomechanical analysis of technique in shot put
in improving performance in the Algerian athlete. We will try to see if there is a significant difference between
the performance achieved before biomechanical analysis and the analysis followed by a training program that
focuses on the shortcomings and misconduct. We will also note the performances respectively. Much more, we
will compare the second execution (post-program) that the model takes on the champion of Algeria discipline.
Athletic performance is a multi-factorial phenomenon. It is the subject of numerous investigations across
different scientific fields. If the disciplines of the humanities and life sciences allow the coach to take a look at
the meaning attributed to the athlete's motor and biological dispositions that enable it to realize, biomechanics
enables them to understand the human locomotion, to detect the most efficient gestures and possibly correct
errors.
effects of poor plants management and operator’s behaviour on construction si...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
The construction work site is often a chaotic place with an incredible high amount of action taking place. Workers and machines move about in frenzy manner, with everyone focused on the task at hand. In such working environment, accidents can and do happen. This study seeks to evaluate the extent poor plant management and operators’ behavior, contribute to construction site accidents and incidents. The review of relevant literature provides the platform for the structured questionnaire survey, which was administered to site managers, supervisors and plant operators within the South-South Geopolitical zone of Nigeria. This was followed by interviews conducted with five (5) construction companies operating within Benin City in Edo State and Warri in Delta State. The findings from questionnaire survey indicated that inadequate plant maintenance, poor supervision, and untrained operators are major factors contributing to plants and equipment accidents. It was further revealed that alcohol and drug use among plant operators contribute to their unsafe behavior on sites. Results of the interviews conducted with the site managers and operators also revealed that there is a general lack of commitment and poor leadership among the management of contracting firms particularly the small and medium size contractors. The paper therefore, concludes that contracting firms whether large or small should demonstrate visible commitment towards the maintenance and training of plant operators. Regular maintenance of available plants, machineries and retraining of operators should be a core value to the contractors.
Application of ergonomics for SME workplace productivity and safety improvementsWinning Minds Solutions
Organizations are continuously striving for cost efficiency by applying various world-class initiatives across the operational chain. One of the powerful micro productivity tools “Ergonomics” which is not being given much emphasis on improving shop floor productivity and safety aspects in SME organizations. One of the reasons could be a misconception that ergonomics can be applied in product design or ergonomics improvements can be administered by high level scholars or it can be implemented only by large scale organizations etc..But it has been proven in many of the SME organizations with a simplified approach of ergonomics application in shop floor, significant productivity, safety and high level of morale can be achieved in shorter timeline.
This presentation will help you
1)To understand the application of ergonomics on productivity and safety improvements in workplace,
2)To learn simple and powerful methodology to assess the fatigue in workplace and implement RIGHT ergonomics solutions
Today, occupational accidents are considered among the potential threats because of their serious humanitarian, economic, social, and environmental consequences. Occupational accidents and injuries are the third cause of mortality in world and the second one in Iran. In addition, the economic and environmental damages of occupational accidents are catastrophic too.According to International Labor Organization (ILO) report in 1999 the average estimated fatal occupational accident rate was 140/100 000 workers and the number of fatal accidents was 335000. Though the registered number of accidents in Iran cannot be a faultless account of all the accidents happened, but in 2000, about 12000 work related accidents have been registered by the Department of Social Security. Calculations indicated that approximately 345000 fatal occupational accidents occurred in 1998 and that over 260 million occupational accidents causing at least 3 days absence happened in the same year. This work aims to study the relation of occupational stress of workers and the accidents in a rice milling industry. The data was collected using questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 30 questions to measure the perception s of the employees about the management practices. A five point likert scale was used. This was prepared based on review of related literature .The contents of this draft questionnaire were discussed with senior safety professional in the industry. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software. Descriptive statistics and correlations of the studied variables were first analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify the reliability of the management practices. Regression analysis was conducted to test the goodness of fit of the various models. Keywords - industrial safety, occupational stress, accidents, factor analysis
The human foot are adaptable structures of bones, joints, muscles and soft tissue that let us stand upright and perform exercises like walking, running and jumping. To perform a direct investigation or experiment on human foot, it seems very difficult since the structures are very complex compared to other human part body. The study of human foot behaviour is significant to identify the location of injury occurrence and the cause in order to increase the knowledge in the improvement the way to prevent an injury and very useful to improve footwear design as well as enhance its development. The purposes of this study are to develop a finite element model of the human foot and investigate the effect of various loadings produce on various surfaces such as artificial grass, concrete and rubber toward the biomechanical response of the human foot. The foot model reconstruct in CATIA software while finite element model as well as the analysis has done in ANSYS 14.5 software. The rubber surfaces produce the higher peak load when the experimental while concrete surface is the lowest. The peak of stress and strain distribution were occur on the below of human foot location. Strain and stress effect were decreasing when Young’s Modulus value increase with the same amount of loading.
Mitigating Ergonomic Injuries In Construction IndustryIOSR Journals
Abstract : Construction industry is one of the risky industries with high level of injuries. A musculoskeletal
disorder that is one of ergonomic injuries is the most common problem in the construction industry. This type of
injury can really affect the health of the people that are exposed to the hazards for a long period of time. The
purpose of this paper is to discuss the way to control ergonomic risk factors in construction operations and also
monitor and assess the process of program implementation to prevent or cutout ergonomic risk factors in the
construction industry. The discussion gives a basic overview of ergonomic risk factors and tries to develop
control measures for preventing accidents which are possible to happen in feature and also provides a
comprehensive monitoring to minimize and avoid such risk factors.
Keywords - Construction, Control Measures, Ergonomic risk factors, Hazard, Musculoskeletal Disorder.
Ergonomics Analysis of Blanket Lifting Technique Using Posture Evaluation Ind...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Ergonomic analysis of blanket lifting technique using Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) Method in Virtual Environment. This research was conducted to study the ergonomic aspect of blanket/linens patient lifting technique in a virtual environment. Analysis phase was done using software Jack 6.1 which is one of ergonomic software that using digital human modeling technology. PEI was used as an approach that integrated results of three methods: lower back analysis (LBA), ovako working posture analysis (OWAS), and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA). The research objective is to analysis ergonomic aspects of blanket patient lifting process and to determine the most ergonomic posture during the patient lifting process. The ergonomic analysis only bed to bed blanket lifting process. The results show that the posture during lifting process had enough amount of risk that can injure the musculoskeletal system of the nurses. This research enriches the body of is the first research in Indonesia that applied virtual environment approach to ergonomics analysis in nursing process.
Ergonomics Analysis of Blanket Lifting Technique Using Posture Evaluation In...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Ergonomic analysis of blanket lifting technique using Posture Evaluation Index (PEI) Method in Virtual Environment. This research was conducted to study the ergonomic aspect of blanket/linens patient lifting technique in a virtual environment. Analysis phase was done using software Jack 6.1 which is one of ergonomic software that using digital human modeling technology. PEI was used as an approach that integrated results of three methods: lower back analysis (LBA), ovako working posture analysis (OWAS), and rapid upper limb assessment (RULA). The research objective is to analysis ergonomic aspects of blanket patient lifting process and to determine the most ergonomic posture during the patient lifting process. The ergonomic analysis only bed to bed blanket lifting process. The results show that the posture during lifting process had enough amount of risk that can injure the musculoskeletal system of the nurses. This research enriches the body of is the first research in Indonesia that applied virtual environment approach to ergonomics analysis in nursing process.
HUMAN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT, MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR AN ASSE.docxwellesleyterresa
HUMAN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT, MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR AN ASSEMBLY TASK
BY
POONAM LAXMAN DESHMUKH, B.E.
ABSTRACT
HUMAN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT, MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR AN ASSEMBLY TASK
BY
POONAM DESHMUKH, B.E.
Master of Science in Industrial Engineering (major) and
Electrical & Computer Engineering (minor)
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
The primary objective of this project is to measure, model and simulate the human/operator performance in a manufacturing cell to improve the decision making process of the managers. It is well known that people working in a manufacturing facility suffer from stress, fatigue and physical exhaustion due to repetitive manual labor. The purpose of this project is to identify and measure the performance metrics that affect the worker’s performance and help in making decisions about rotating the workers in such a way that their capability matches the task requirement. The project involved, conducting a pilot study to identify the metric of operator performance, physically modeling and simulating an assembly station of a manufacturing cell in a laboratory, measuring the identified metric (dexterity) in the simulated and real environment and compare the results from both the environments to evaluate the simulated assembly station. Using the simulated assembly station, measurements of several different metrics can be performed in future. The primary outcome of this project is the operator task capability-requirement matrix for the assembly station in terms of dexterity. The secondary outcome of this project is the evaluation of the simulated assembly station using t - student test.
Keywords: Human performance measurement, dexterity, manufacturing cell, operator performance measurement, modeling and simulation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPICS Page
1. INTRODUCTION
12
1.1. Metric Identification
12
1.2. Measurement
14
1.3. Modeling
14
1.4. Simulation
16
2. RELATED RESEARCH
17
3. METHODOLOGY
24
3.1. Pilot Study
24
3.1.1. Equipment and Software
24
3.1.2. Experiment Design
24
3.1.3. Data analysis and plots
25
3.2. Simulation
27
3.2.1. Equipment
27
3.2.2. Experiment Design
28
3.2.3. Data analysis and plots
29
3.3. Main Study
29
3.3.1. Equipment
29
3.3.2. Experiment Design
29
3.3.3. Data analysis and plots
29
4. RESULTS
29
5. DISCUSSION
29
6. CONCLUSION
29
APPENDICES
A. Operator Consent Form
29
B. Manager Consent Form
29
REFERENCES
29
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures
Page
1 Fish Bone Diagram
13
2 Anatomy of Hand
15
3 Task Requirement - Capability Model
16
4 (a) Human Glove
23
4 (b) Biomechanics Sensor Glove
23
5 (a) Average reactions Time Plot
25
5 (b) Concentration Plot
25
6 (a) Purdue Pegboard
28
6 (b) Hand - Tool Dexterity Test Equipment
28
INTRODUCTION
It is well known that human performance de ...
Computer Assisted System for Enhancing the Application of Ergonomics in Manuf...Waqas Tariq
The current paper focuses on the need and a plan for the development of a Computer Assisted Interactive and Intelligent Ergonomics System which, through a user friendly consulting mode presents the guidelines and formalized procedures for the application of ergonomics knowledge and data in manufacturing organizations. The system is expected to allow a production engineer or supervisor or even a worker with minimal ergonomics knowledge, to understand, analyze and find solutions to problems related to industrial ergonomics. A survey which is conducted in this regard is also described in this paper and through the out come of the survey it is shown that the poor acceptance and application of ergonomics is due to lack of exposure to ergonomics knowledge and non-availability of ergonomics knowledge in a suitable form for its application in manufacturing systems. 10
Use of ergonomics risk assessment tools on construction sitevivatechijri
Construction industry is one of the 7th industry with high risk exposure. The prevalent problem with construction industry in recent years is the health of construction workers. In residential construction sites workers daily activities includes Material handling, prolonged standing, bending, etc. this leads to musculoskeletal disorders (MSD’s). Some techniques are required to identify and control WRMSDs. Ergonomics involves the interaction between human, technology and organization in the purpose of optimizing well-being, health and performance. The aim of research is performing ergonomics risk assessment based on which ergonomics risk factors in building construction site is obtained and to give an overview of ergonomic risks at workplace by some of the observational methods that can be used for assessment. Through ergonomics risk assessment tools such as checklist (questionnaire), REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) and QEC (Quick Exposure Check) data is collected. Risk rank order for activities are determined by RII (Relative Importance Index). Comparison of tool QEC and REBA is done and analysis is done in SPSS. The result showed that most workers are at higher and medium risk on residential construction site. Based on the analysis and findings task need to redesigned and reassessed so that it can be safely carried out. In an appendix we have included a brief presentation of these methods together with the work sheet (if available) and the reference source of the observational method.
Image processing based eye detection methods a theoretical reviewjournalBEEI
Lately, many of the road accidents have been attributed to the driver stupor. Statistics revealed that about 32% of the drivers who met with such accidents demonstrated the symptoms of tiredness before the mishap though at varying levels. The purpose of this research paper is to revisit the various interventions that have been devised to provide for assistance to the vehicle users to avert unwarranted contingencies on the roads. The paper tries to make a sincere attempt to encapsulate the body of work that has been initiated so far in this direction. As is evident, there are numerous ways in which one can identify the fatigue of the driver, namely biotic or physiological gauges, vehicle type and more importantly the analysis of the face in terms of its alignment and other attributes.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Total Ergonomics Model for integration of health, safety and work to improv...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Design of workplace for the assembly of monoblock pumpeSAT Journals
Abstract
Productivity is an important aspect of every industrial firm as well as for the economic growth of the country. High productivity means completing a quantum of work with minimum possible time and fewer amounts of resources. Work-study is required for designing the work system, which identifies the effective means of completing the work. Also, it is known that the workers suffer from fatigue and injury during long hours of monotonous work when proper workplace/working environment is absent. This may indirectly contribute to decreased productivity in an industry. Human factor issues arise in simple systems and in consumer products as well. Hence the ergonomic principles are to be considered while designing both consumer and industrial products. One of the most prevalent types of work-related injuries is musculoskeletal disorder. Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMDs) results in continuous pain, functional capability loss and disability to work, but the prevailing disorder diagnosis is difficult because they are mainly based on complaints of pain and other symptoms. Hence a proper workplace is to be designed to overcome the above issues or to reduce them considerably. This research aims at improving the existing and proposed ways of doing work with Ergonomics and Anthropometric considerations, thereby improving the productivity rate. Keywords: Productivity, Work study, Ergonomics, Anthropometry, and Monoblock pump.
Similar to DEVELOPMENT OF BIOMECHANIC METHODS FOR ERGONOMIC EVALUATION: COMPARISON WITH RULA AND SES METHODS (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
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A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
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The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
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• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
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• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
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2. Sajiyo, Muslimin Abdulrahim, Nurul Aziza and Qomariyatus Sholihah
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 103 editor@iaeme.com
1. INTRODUCTION
As discussed in various studies, related to widespread musculoskeletal disorders in
manufacturing industries known as multi-factorial where the disease is caused by work that is
physically heavy, psychosocial, organizational and individual factors which are the most
important causes. Physical ergonomics risk factors include overly forced labor, overly rigid
postures, material lifting, material transfer and vibration which are considered to be the main
factors that are very high risk for workers, causing disorders of Musculoskeletal Disorders
(MSDs). To manage and control physical risks in ergonomics, there are several methods that
have been developed for exposure assessment and estimation of the risk of injury in various
fields of work. This method includes the paper-based observation methods such as RULA,
OCRA, REBA, etc. which are the most important techniques that are generally applied to
ergonomics which aim to assess one's posture while working [1,2].
ACGIH level index and activity strains are methods for measuring strong labor. This
manual material handling is evaluated using the NIOSH, MAC (English), ManTRA
(Australia), and code (New Zealand) equations. Various types of research have applied this
method to analyze various jobs at work stations, but their validity is still a matter of debate.
Many industrial companies develop internal methods for ergonomic analysis, and several
research articles have discussed the efficacy in using these methods. The things that need to
be considered in ergonomics and manufacturing are the accuracy and accuracy of methods
that must be applied to workplace analysis. Risk management policies related to MSDs will
not be successful without accurate ergonomic risk assessment [2,3].
In addition to observational methods, biomechanical methods (direct measurements) have
been developed by relying on sensors to record body movements. Angular measuring,
inclinometry, accelerometer, and electromyography are the most popular direct methods for
measuring power posture, movement and strength. Most of the data is precisely related to the
exposure variables that can be provided by biomechanical procedures, and developing
appropriate protocols is very important to apply. Comparing the results of the method directly
with the observation technique will provide an opportunity to increase the validity of the
observation method. Development of an accurate protocol can show which sensors should be
used and how measurements should be made before the workplace analysis is carried out
using biomechanical methods [4].
Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop an appropriate protocol for
biomechanical measurement in manufacturing. By testing the protocol and comparing it with
two observation methods, namely SCANIA Ergonomic Standard (SES) and RULA which are
other objectives of this study. SES is an observation method at home that is used to measure
posture, strength, lifting and repetition, while RULA is a common method for assessing
posture [5].
2. METHOD
2.1. Biomechanical Measurement
First, select the sensor to measure repetition, movement and posture on the body.
3. Development of Biomechanic Methods for Ergonomic Evaluation: Comparison with Rula and Ses
Methods
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 104 editor@iaeme.com
Figure 1. The placement of sensors for measurement of body movements
Inclinometers are used to measure body tendencies in certain areas, such as the head and
upper back. To measure neck posture, data was taken through a second sample of
inclinometers placed at the occipital bone (plate-shaped membrane bone located at the lower
back of the skull) and in the cervical-thoracic spine at the C7-Th1 Level. The total amount of
time when the posture head is more than 10 ° forward or back compared to the upper back is
characterized as a head posture [2,3,4].
Two triaxial accelerometers are placed along the top of the arm in the middle of the
humerus. The line rounded to the head of the acromion to the lateral epicondyle is measured
and divided into two for placement of the shumerus accelerometer. They are corrected
laterally with both hands on the Y axis vertically. The arm's height too. Therefore, a repetition
is performed. Another accelerometer is placed on L3 from the lumbar spine to assess the rear
posture. The recording is done between + 1g and -1g [1,4].
Biaxialelectro-goniometers are used to measure flexion and extension of right and left
wrist irregularities, flexion and extension of the wrist characterized in this case studying hand
postures. All sensors are small and placed above the body with double-sided adhesive tape
(Figure 1) [6].
The zero position for the head and upper back is the definition of the first data recording
when the subject stands upright in an ordinary posture and sees an eye level. The reference
position for the upper arm and lower back is established when the subject stands upright with
their hands hanging on the side of the body. After the wrist relaxes on the side of the body, it
is taken as a reference position of the wrist [1,2].
All postures and movements are recorded in the data logger and recorded in the camera
either in the reference position or when performing four simulation tasks. All data is then
transferred to the computer and actions are synchronized between movie data and loggers.
Two work stations were selected Air Component & Tie Wrapping which is a station
simulation work in truck manufacturing for operator training. As will be explained below
[3,4]:
4. Sajiyo, Muslimin Abdulrahim, Nurul Aziza and Qomariyatus Sholihah
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 105 editor@iaeme.com
1. Tighten the hands with the tool (duration of 296 seconds)
2. Place the tube and wrap the Plastic Rope (duration of 462.5 seconds)
3. Loosen hands with a tool (duration of 148 seconds)
4. Another action to test the sensor limit (70 seconds duration)
2.2. Observation Method
The first observation method for evaluating ergonomic risk potential in a simulated work
station is the SCANIA inhouse Ergonomics Standard Method (SES). This method is adapted
to ergonomic risk requirements in manufacturing assembly and is designed to evaluate station
multi-task work. SES not only assesses posture but also evaluates compelling and lifting
tasks. Twenty parameters are classified into 5 categories to determine their ergonomic criteria.
To prioritize assessments, the results are sorted in the following order: Green or normal zones
that show the minimum risk of MSDs, and this type of risk is acceptable. Yellow indicates a
zone that has a moderate risk of MSDs. Tasks and yellow jobs at the Station may require
some corrective action in the future. Red is an action zone where there is a considerable risk
of MSDs for workers, and changes are needed as soon as possible. Finally, double red (DR)
shows the potential for excessive ergonomic risk for tasks assessed as DR, so they must be
stopped immediately and solutions found [1,2].
Table 1 Comparison of Priorities for Ergonomic Risks by RULA and SES
Category
RULA
Score
SES Colour Definition
Level 1 1-2 Green Acceptable
Level 2 3-4 Yellow More investigation is needed
Level 3 5-6 Red Immediate modification is required
Level 4 7 Double Red
Modification is needed as soon as
possible
The amount of yellow, red and DR is then added and the color of the work station is
determined. The worst color is considered as the final evaluation of the work station. Another
observation method used in this study is Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA). This
method is widely used by ergonomics and researchers at various jobs to assess the risk of
upper limb disorders. RULA measures ergonomic risk based on posture, weight, duration and
frequency, and then provides a score that shows the risk of injury for the task to be evaluated.
The scale level for the assessment posture varies from one to seven, one shows the best and
seven shows the worst. In RULA the body is divided into two zones, A and B, which A
includes the upper arm, forearm, and wrist position, and group B neck and stem. The end of
the score produced by RULA shows posture and ergonomics containing four levels. Table I
shows the categorization of the scores produced by SES and RULA. The method of
observation is carried out by an ergonomist who is experienced and analyzed by Excel.
MATLAB software is used to analyze biomechanical data [3,4].
3. RESULT
Observations and video recordings are performed for all selected tasks. The general results of
the study show that the evaluation posture with different methods on the evaluated task
produces the same results. However, some differences occur for the position of the neck and
wrist. Furthermore, the direct method provides a variety of information that clearly reveals
different aspects of the work station for ergonomics and decision makers. The main advantage
5. Development of Biomechanic Methods for Ergonomic Evaluation: Comparison with Rula and Ses
Methods
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 106 editor@iaeme.com
of the direct method is to observe whether body movements when performing tasks are
symmetrical.
3.1. Tighten by Hand and with Tools (Task One)
The neck posture score with the RULA method is 4. (20° <neck flexion) for 73% of the total
task time, while the SES Method shows that neck posture for 46% of tasks, time is red (45°
<neck flexion), and for 27% from time, the period was yellow (20° <neck flexion <45°). The
inclinometers show that for 80% of the time for this task. The neck is flexed between 10° and
20°, although it never records flexion of more than 20°. The results for the neck posture for
this task with the three methods differed better.
For 13% of the tightening duty period, the stem score was assessed as 2 with RULA (10°
<flexion return <20°). SES produces green for the rear posture, because it bends forward less
than 20° during this task. The accelerometer used as an inclinometer for the lower back
showed flexion return <20° for 81% of the time of duty. Therefore it is consistent with the
RULA and SES methods.
The upper arm score with RULA for 10% of task tightening is 2 (20° upper arm lift <45°)
and for 90% of that time 1 (upper arm lift <20°). The lower arm position of the score with
RULA is 1 during this task. The SES assessment for the static work posture of the shoulder
and arm is green, while the bending motion is forward or outward is less than 45°. There are
no criteria by the SES method for assessing the forearm. Two accelerometers on the left and
right arms indicate that the arm has never experienced flexion or abduction of more than 40°
during this task. The method reveals the same results for arm posture assessment.
Similarly, the RULA score for wrist posture is 1 (neutral) and the same results are
observed by the SES method. However, electro-goniometry of both hands shows that for 30%
of wrist postures the duration of the task is more than 15°, the results of which are not
consistent with the observation method. Repetition evaluated with SES was obtained red
because tightening by hand or tool was repeated more than 3 times per minute (according to
SES criteria). The number of repetitions is calculated with an accelerometer, and four
repetitions to tighten with the torque and eight repetitions for hand tightening are observed for
each action (Figure. 2). In total, 50 hand repetitions and 32 repetitions with the tool recorded
more than 5 minutes in this task. Although repetition is assessed as an action zone (red) with
the SES method (the same results as the direct method), it is difficult to determine the real
value of the repetition number by the observation method. The method is immediately clearly
visualized the number and pattern of repetitions.
The final RULA score for this assignment is 5, which indicates that further investigation
and changes are needed immediately. The overall color of this task with the SES method is
green, which is in the normal zone and is acceptable.
Table 2 Comparison of Ergonomic Risk Assessments by RULA, SES, and Direct Methods
RULA
Score
SES Colour Direct Method
Tightening
Task
Neck 4 Red Neck flexion<20°
Backs 2 Green Back flexion<20°
Arms 2 Green Arm lifting<40°
Wrists 1 Green
flexion and extension
>15°
Wrapping
with plastic
Neck 4 Red Neck flexion<20°
Backs 3 Yellow Back flexion>45°
6. Sajiyo, Muslimin Abdulrahim, Nurul Aziza and Qomariyatus Sholihah
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 107 editor@iaeme.com
strap Arms 2 Green Arm lifting<40°
Wrists 3 Red
flexion and extension
>15°
Loosening
task
Neck 4 Red Neck flexion<20°
Backs 2 Green 20°<Back flexion<45°
Arms 2 Green Arm lifting<40°
Wrists 1 Green
flexion and extension
>15°
Other tasks
Neck 1 Green Neck flexion<20°
Backs 4 Red Flexion>45°
Arms 5 Red Arm lifting>40°
Wrists 3 Red
flexion and extension
>15°
3.2. Placing Tubes and Wrapping with Plastic Straps
Duration of assignments where all different actions are carried out in about 8 minutes. The
RULA score for neck posture for 51% of assignment time was 2 (10° <neck flexion <20°) and
for 19% of the assignment time was 3 (20° <neck arch). The overall score for the neck is 4
because sometimes the neck bends sideways during this task. The SES method shows red (45°
<neck flexion and sideways / rotation> 30°) for neck posture for only 10 seconds of all duty
time (2% of task time), while for most of the duration of the assignment the neck posture is
rated as yellow. Since the worst color sets the final evaluation in the SES method, because the
end for the neck posture is red. The direct method shows that the neck is flexed 10° and 20°
for 26% of the task time. In this study bending the neck side posture was not assessed by an
inclinometer. Again, for this task the results of the observation method conflict with the
inclinometer record.
The RULA score for 70% of the assignment time for rear posture 3, is defined as back
flexion more than 20° and less than 60°. Rod spinning and side bending are not observed in
this case. The stem posture is assessed by SES as yellow, which indicates forward bending
between 20° and 45°. The accelerometer at L3 shows lower back flexion between 20° and 45°
for 68% of the duration of the task, and for 13% of the time the posture of the rod is more
than 45°. Three methods provide similar results for the rear posture for this task.
The RULA score for the upper arm is 4 (the upper arm is raised> 90°) for less than 5
seconds from the total task time while for 95% of the duration of the task, this score is 2 (20°
<upper arm lifts <45°). Static posture of the shoulders and arms was assessed by SES as green
(upper arm lift <45°). Left and right arm positions are evaluated at more than 40° by the direct
method of only 1% of the task time, and this is consistent with other methods. The wrist
posture was rated as 3 by the RULA, showing flexion or extension of more than 15°, and the
results on the SES for this task were red. Electro-goniometry demonstrates that wrist posture
is more than 15° for 65% of period work. The overall RULA score in this task is 5 and the last
color for the SES method is green, as for the tightening task.
Loosening with Hands / Tools and Other Actions The results of posture assessment during
the task of loosening are the same as the tightening task, especially for the neck, back and
upper arms. However, the length of the awkward posture is shorter for tightening tasks and
the number of repetitions is also different. Table 2 shows the results of the observation
method and the direct method for these tasks. Two accelerations with the left and right arms
are given more information about hand movements and symmetry of body movements. As
shown in Table 3, although the tightening task involves the same number of jobs, with both
7. Development of Biomechanic Methods for Ergonomic Evaluation: Comparison with Rula and Ses
Methods
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 108 editor@iaeme.com
tools and hands, the acceleration between the two hands for this is not the same action.
Tightening with the device is more symmetrical for both arms compared to tightening with
the hand.
Table 3 Asymmetric Movement of Arm During Manual Prevention Compare with Strength with
Tools Calculated by Acceleration (G)
Action type Arm RMS RMS
Manual
Right arm
0.77
1.34
0.57
Left arm
0.95
1.23
0.3
Tool
Right arm
0.82
1.31
0.49
Left arm
0.33
1.26
0.93
4. DISCUSSION
This research was conducted to develop a biomechanical method that allows measurement
and calculation of movements and positions in plant assembly and manufacturing. We
compared the biomechanical results of measurements with two observation methods. Overall,
we did not find a big difference between the three methods. For most bodies all methods show
the same results, although biomechanical methods provide more precise information.
However, some inconsistencies occur observed, especially in the assessment of the neck and
wrist. As explained, to tighten and loosen the tasks of the second observation method for the
neck in action zones and further changes should be immediately possible, while the
inclinometer is measured at neck angles of less than 20 ° in these tasks which are in the
normal zone and accepted. One reason for this conflict might be that the observer looks at the
neck in an anatomically straight line while the inclinometer gives the neck angle to be
associated with the upper back position. Proven, flexible neck and flexible upper back [5,6].
Furthermore, several differences were found between methods for assessing wrist posture.
In contrast to the neck of the posture, the electro-gonimeter gives an angle value for both
wrists that is much worse than the results of the observation method. The position of the
reference to the wrist when measuring with a goniometer might be the reason for this
difference. Goniometers measure flexion and extension of the functional position of the hand
[3,4].
The direct method will provide the possibility of measuring precisely how many
repetitions occur during an individual task. In addition, motion symmetry is another criterion
that we can never value with observational methods. However, further investigation is needed,
especially in the actual workplace, to confirm the results of this study [7,8].
5. CONCLUSION
It can be concluded that the results obtained indicate that the sensor is more appropriate than
the observation method because it reduces the error rating. Accelerometers in the arms and
back are sufficient to assess body posture rather than inclinometers. Where it provides
complementary information about speed movement, symmetry and repetition.
REFERENCES
8. Sajiyo, Muslimin Abdulrahim, Nurul Aziza and Qomariyatus Sholihah
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 109 editor@iaeme.com
[1] G. C. David, “Ergonomic methods for assessing exposure to risk factors for work-related
musculoskeletal disorders,” Occupational Medicine, 55(3), 2005: 190-199.
[2] Li, Guangyan, and Peter Buckle. "Current techniques for assessing physical exposure to
work-related musculoskeletal risks, with emphasis on posture-based methods."
Ergonomics 42, no. 5 (1999): 674-695.
[3] F. Gerr, R., Letz, P. J. Landrigan. “Upper-extremity musculoskeletal disorders of
ccupational origin,” Annual Review of Public Health, 12, 1991: 543-566.
[4] Burdorf, “Exposure assessment of risk factors for disorders of theback in occupational
epidemiology,” Scandinavian Journal of Work,Environment and Health, 18, 1992: 1-9H.
[5] Ê . Kilbom, Repetitive work of the upper extremity: Part II The scientific basis
(knowledge base) for the guide,” International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 14,
1994a:59-86.
[6] Berlin, R. Örtengren, D. Lämkull, L, Hanson. "Corporate-internal vs. national standard–A
comparison study of two ergonomics evaluation procedures used in automotive
manufacturing." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 39(6), 2009: 940-946.
[7] E-P., Takala, I., Pehkonen, M., Forsman, G-A, Hansson, SE, Mathiassen, P. Neumann,et
al. “Systematic evaluation of observational methods assessing biomechanical exposures at
work” 17th World Congress on Ergonomics, IEA2009; Aug 9-14, 2009; Beijing, China:
International Ergonomics Association.
[8] Foltran, F. A., Silva, L. C., Sato, T. O., & Coury, H. J. “Wrist electrogoniometry: are
current mathematical correction procedures effective in reducing crosstalk in functional
assessment?” Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy, 17 (1), 2013: 32-40.