This paper presents the determination of net flows into Almatti reservoir from CWC data and reservoir data. From the study it can be concluded that the average flow in to Almatti will be 574.86 TMC, the maximum inflow will be 1196.8 TMC and the minimum flow will be 166.99 TMC. The flows in annual in deficit years may reduce by about 50 TMC but there is no variation in the good years in the good years as the storage effects will take care of this aspect during good years. It can be concluded that there will be reduction of flows in the June and July flows in the ultimate scenario except in very good years.
Abstract Urban watersheds produce an instantaneous response to rainfall. That results in stormwater runoff in excess of the capacity of drainage systems. The excess stormwater must be managed to prevent flooding and erosion of streams. Management can be achieved with the help of structural stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs). Detention ponds is one such BMP commonly found in the Austin, TX, USA. The City of Austin developed a plan to mitigate future events of flooding and erosion, resulting in the development and integration of stormwater BMP algorithms into the sub-hourly version of SWAT model. This paper deals with the development of a physically based algorithm for detention pond. The algorithm was tested using a previously flow-calibrated watershed in the Austin area. From the test results obtained it appears that the detention pond algorithm is functioning satisfactorily. The algorithm developed could be used a) to evaluate the functionality of individual detention pond b) to analyze the benefits of such structures at watershed or higher scales and c) as design tool. Keywords: flooding, detention, urban, watershed, BMP, algorithm, stormwater, modeling
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Runoff modelling using hec hms for rural watershedEditorIJAERD
Due to climate change it is very essential to do hydrological modelling. Reliable models are essential for planning,
developmental works, prediction and safety of the population. Hydrological models are used to determine catchment
discharge/flow through an efficient way. HEC-HM (Hydrological engineering centre Hydrological modelling system) is
one of hydrological modelling tool developed by United States army corps of engineer (USACE) for event as well as for
continuous simulations. Models, especially continuous simulations are useful for future predictions of stream flow due to
land-use changes or extreme events phenomenon. In this study continuous hydrologic modellingwas carried out using
HEC HMS modelling tool.
Deficit and Constant Loss methods with Clark transform methods were selected. The calibrated model (period
1986-1988) was validated with data set of the period of 2009-2013. Study concluded that the model recommended and
can be used for stated River as decision support tool in the design and operation.
This paper elaborates the hydraulic characteristics of the water supply network of the town of Puerto Ayora. First, it intends to replicate the household individual storage by simulating nodal tanks with the use of the EPANET software. Later, it uses the Pressure-Driven Approach (PDA) to develop a methodology that estimates the overflow of storage facilities, one of the main sources of wastage in Puerto Ayora. Finally, it uses the Demand-Driven Approach (DDA), with the aim of assessing the network in the future, under four population growth scenarios. With the chosen moderate growth scenario, two options are suggested in order to tackle the water supply issues at the end of the planning horizon.
Abstract Urban watersheds produce an instantaneous response to rainfall. That results in stormwater runoff in excess of the capacity of drainage systems. The excess stormwater must be managed to prevent flooding and erosion of streams. Management can be achieved with the help of structural stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs). Detention ponds is one such BMP commonly found in the Austin, TX, USA. The City of Austin developed a plan to mitigate future events of flooding and erosion, resulting in the development and integration of stormwater BMP algorithms into the sub-hourly version of SWAT model. This paper deals with the development of a physically based algorithm for detention pond. The algorithm was tested using a previously flow-calibrated watershed in the Austin area. From the test results obtained it appears that the detention pond algorithm is functioning satisfactorily. The algorithm developed could be used a) to evaluate the functionality of individual detention pond b) to analyze the benefits of such structures at watershed or higher scales and c) as design tool. Keywords: flooding, detention, urban, watershed, BMP, algorithm, stormwater, modeling
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Runoff modelling using hec hms for rural watershedEditorIJAERD
Due to climate change it is very essential to do hydrological modelling. Reliable models are essential for planning,
developmental works, prediction and safety of the population. Hydrological models are used to determine catchment
discharge/flow through an efficient way. HEC-HM (Hydrological engineering centre Hydrological modelling system) is
one of hydrological modelling tool developed by United States army corps of engineer (USACE) for event as well as for
continuous simulations. Models, especially continuous simulations are useful for future predictions of stream flow due to
land-use changes or extreme events phenomenon. In this study continuous hydrologic modellingwas carried out using
HEC HMS modelling tool.
Deficit and Constant Loss methods with Clark transform methods were selected. The calibrated model (period
1986-1988) was validated with data set of the period of 2009-2013. Study concluded that the model recommended and
can be used for stated River as decision support tool in the design and operation.
This paper elaborates the hydraulic characteristics of the water supply network of the town of Puerto Ayora. First, it intends to replicate the household individual storage by simulating nodal tanks with the use of the EPANET software. Later, it uses the Pressure-Driven Approach (PDA) to develop a methodology that estimates the overflow of storage facilities, one of the main sources of wastage in Puerto Ayora. Finally, it uses the Demand-Driven Approach (DDA), with the aim of assessing the network in the future, under four population growth scenarios. With the chosen moderate growth scenario, two options are suggested in order to tackle the water supply issues at the end of the planning horizon.
Overbank Flow Condition in a River SectionIDES Editor
When the flows in natural or man made channel
sections exceed the main channel depth, the adjoining
floodplains become inundated and carry part of the river
discharge. Due to different hydraulic conditions prevailing in
the river and floodplain of a compound channel, the mean
velocity in the main channel and in the floodplain are different.
This leads to the transfer of momentum between the main
channel water and that of the floodplain making the flow
structure more complex. Results of some experiments
concerning the overbank flow distribution in a compound
channel are presented. Flow sharing in river channels is
strongly dependant on the interaction between flow in the
main channel and that in the floodplain. The influence of the
geometry on velocity and flow distribution and different
functional relationships are obtained. Dimensionless
parameters are used to form equations representing the over
bank flow sharing in the subsections. The equations agree
well with experimental discharge data and other published
data. Using the proposed method, the error between the
measured and calculated discharge distribution for the a
compound sections is found to be the minimum when compared
with that using other investigators.
Analysis and Characterization of Kainji Reservoir Inflow System_ Crimson Publ...CrimsonpublishersEAES
Analysis and Characterization of Kainji Reservoir Inflow System by Mohammed J Mamman*, Otache Y Matins and Jibril Ibrahim in Environmental Analysis & Ecology Studies
Prediction of Flood Risk under the Impact of Climate Change on the Thermal Po...Tuu Nguyen
In Gangwon Province, the rainy season with an extremely high precipitation caused extreme flood event in the summer in 2006. A one dimensional (1D) hydraulic model was developed for mountainous river reaches located closely to the Yeongwol thermal power plant. Input data, including topographical data and river flow measured every 10 minutes from July 1st to September 30th, 2013 by Han River Flood Control Office (HRFCO), were imported to a 1D hydraulic model. The results were the simulated water levels, water discharges and average flow velocities at each cross-section. The simulated water levels in different years (including 2011, 2012 and 2014) were used to calibrate and validate the applied model. Climate change scenarios were estimated by referencing the climate change adaptation strategies of the Korean government and historical information about the extreme flood events.
Hydrologic data generally consist of a sequence of observations of some phase of the hydrologic cycle made at a particular site. The data may be a record of the discharge of a stream at a particular place, or it may be a record of the amount of rainfall caught in a particular rain gage.
Although for most hydrologic purposes a long record is preferred to a short one, the user should recognize that the longer the record the greater the chance that there has been a change in the physical conditions of the basin or in the methods of data collection. If these are appreciable, the composite record would represent only a nonexistent condition and not one that existed either before or after the change. Such a record is inconsistent.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
THE APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN MANAGEMENT OF AQUIFERamsjournal
Before feeling water -shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the
religious texts. Considering recent conditions of the world the water will replace most recent
boundaries, at future. Imamzadeh Jaafar plain is located 5 kilometers northeast of Gachsaran, south
of Kohgilooye and Boerahmad province. The plain has 61km 2 area extents and contains two,
alluvial and carbonate aquifers. These aquifers supply the water needs, agricultural, industrial and
domestic. Highly exploitation and transportation of groundwater resources, especially by National Oil
Company, caused highly drawdown in alluvial aquifer, 1.85m in a 5 years period from 1361 to
1365 as reported by Mahab Ghods Consulting Engineers. There are two artificial recharge
projects, 1 flood spreading system and 1 recharge ponds system, in the plain. To present the future
water resources management program the hydrogeological behaviors of the alluvial aquifer and the
effects of artificial recharge must be evaluated. edrock, hydrodynamic coefficients, topography, water
resources and were collected, field surveys were performed and required maps were prepared. Using
conceptual model and MODFLOW PMWIN code the mathematical model of the plain was
calibrated against water year 1380 -81 and then verified against water year 1384 - 85. The verified
model was used to predict future conditions of aquifer. The results implied the rapid response of
aquifer to precipitation due to high aquifer ransmissivity, positive water budget at year 1385
comparing year 65, change of direction of groundwater flow from plain outlet to the center of
plain in response to highly exploitation at the center of plain, water level in the wells located
downward the flood spreading system will raise as 1 to 6m and water level in t he wells located
downward the recharge pond system will lower as 1 to 4m.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE METHODOLOGY ADOPTED BY CERTAIN CAMEROONIAN STUDIES ...IAEME Publication
In the design of different types of building and storms, one takes often into account the action of the wind speeds and the requirement of the reference speed. The estimation of the reference is made by a statistical treatment of wind speeds recorded at meteorological stations. Some countries, such as France, have divided their territory into regions and proposed the reference velocity values to be adopted for each region. In Cameroon, in the absence of country-specific values, design offices adopt French values according to the topographical similarities between a French region and the Cameroon region where the Civil Engineering project will be built. To verify the validity of the process, we calculated the wind reference speed in the city of Douala on the basis of surveys carried out over a period of 40 years (1971-2010) by applying the regulatory requirements. The value obtained is lower than that of the corresponding French region adopted by the consulting firms. It is also weaker than those adopted by some countries such as Algeria, South Africa or Belgium. This can be explained by the fact that Douala and Cameroon are in the so-called equatorial calm zone which is characterized by low-intensity winds.
A STUDY ON PEER TO PEER NETWORK IN CURRENT NETWORKING IAEME Publication
Due to the truth that traditional centralized trusting mechanism cannot adapt to the call for of P2P network, we need installation a dispensed trusting mechanism to power the reliability of device. The accept as true with models consciousness o the participants. It divides P2P network into numerous overlapped companies with unique features and treats it as undergo in mind courting of companies preserve in thoughts relationship among agencies and friends and agree with dating amongst pals within the same organization. in a single corporation the evaluations among individuals come into being thru combos of records statistics of item peers written thru participants and individual experience of appreciators moreover via amending those statistics in keeping with versions of human beings abilities to statement. In P2P community the agree with evaluation among companies are obtained by means of way of the usage of a technique of global hold in mind. At last the take into account degree of aimed pals is calculated with the useful aid of valuations among participants in the same employer and receive as right with reviews amongst agencies, then corresponding selection of trade can be made via the recall degree. The experiments in simulation have demonstrated our version has strong ability for protective malicious peers and it has fewer errors in desires searching. It additionally costs little charge inside the re-convergence technique whilst community topology changes.
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF MULTIPLE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE SOIL YOUNG MOD...IAEME Publication
This paper consists to verify the validation of two multiple correlations between the Young’s modulus (E) of a soil and its identification parameters. These correlations are used to calculate two types of theoretical moduli called ESIKALI and ELCPC. The exploitation of triaxial test results allows specifying 4 experimental moduli such as the initial modulus Et0, the equivalent modulus Eelq, the secant modulus at 1/2 and 1/3 of the breaking strain Esec1/2 and Esec1/3. Our approach compares the theoretical and experimental modulus through straight linear regressions. The results show that the ELCPC better represents Et0 and Eelq while the ESIKALI is more consistent with Esec1/2.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS FACTORS AFFECTING CONTRACTOR’S PERFORMANCE IN LOWEST BID...IAEME Publication
Real estate sector in present scenario is going through a lean patch, many organisations are either running in loss or with a marginal profits. As in state government and central government departments contractors are facing huge problems that are in turn tending to decrease in contractor profits. The present study focuses on study of various factors that affect contractor’s performance who have been awarded projects on the basis of lowest bid awards. The study analyses various factors and their impacts on the basis of responses collected form a survey. On the basis of overall index and relative importance index factor causing a major impact on contractor’s efficiency have been identified.
Overbank Flow Condition in a River SectionIDES Editor
When the flows in natural or man made channel
sections exceed the main channel depth, the adjoining
floodplains become inundated and carry part of the river
discharge. Due to different hydraulic conditions prevailing in
the river and floodplain of a compound channel, the mean
velocity in the main channel and in the floodplain are different.
This leads to the transfer of momentum between the main
channel water and that of the floodplain making the flow
structure more complex. Results of some experiments
concerning the overbank flow distribution in a compound
channel are presented. Flow sharing in river channels is
strongly dependant on the interaction between flow in the
main channel and that in the floodplain. The influence of the
geometry on velocity and flow distribution and different
functional relationships are obtained. Dimensionless
parameters are used to form equations representing the over
bank flow sharing in the subsections. The equations agree
well with experimental discharge data and other published
data. Using the proposed method, the error between the
measured and calculated discharge distribution for the a
compound sections is found to be the minimum when compared
with that using other investigators.
Analysis and Characterization of Kainji Reservoir Inflow System_ Crimson Publ...CrimsonpublishersEAES
Analysis and Characterization of Kainji Reservoir Inflow System by Mohammed J Mamman*, Otache Y Matins and Jibril Ibrahim in Environmental Analysis & Ecology Studies
Prediction of Flood Risk under the Impact of Climate Change on the Thermal Po...Tuu Nguyen
In Gangwon Province, the rainy season with an extremely high precipitation caused extreme flood event in the summer in 2006. A one dimensional (1D) hydraulic model was developed for mountainous river reaches located closely to the Yeongwol thermal power plant. Input data, including topographical data and river flow measured every 10 minutes from July 1st to September 30th, 2013 by Han River Flood Control Office (HRFCO), were imported to a 1D hydraulic model. The results were the simulated water levels, water discharges and average flow velocities at each cross-section. The simulated water levels in different years (including 2011, 2012 and 2014) were used to calibrate and validate the applied model. Climate change scenarios were estimated by referencing the climate change adaptation strategies of the Korean government and historical information about the extreme flood events.
Hydrologic data generally consist of a sequence of observations of some phase of the hydrologic cycle made at a particular site. The data may be a record of the discharge of a stream at a particular place, or it may be a record of the amount of rainfall caught in a particular rain gage.
Although for most hydrologic purposes a long record is preferred to a short one, the user should recognize that the longer the record the greater the chance that there has been a change in the physical conditions of the basin or in the methods of data collection. If these are appreciable, the composite record would represent only a nonexistent condition and not one that existed either before or after the change. Such a record is inconsistent.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
THE APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS IN MANAGEMENT OF AQUIFERamsjournal
Before feeling water -shortage crisis human has understood the importance of water From the
religious texts. Considering recent conditions of the world the water will replace most recent
boundaries, at future. Imamzadeh Jaafar plain is located 5 kilometers northeast of Gachsaran, south
of Kohgilooye and Boerahmad province. The plain has 61km 2 area extents and contains two,
alluvial and carbonate aquifers. These aquifers supply the water needs, agricultural, industrial and
domestic. Highly exploitation and transportation of groundwater resources, especially by National Oil
Company, caused highly drawdown in alluvial aquifer, 1.85m in a 5 years period from 1361 to
1365 as reported by Mahab Ghods Consulting Engineers. There are two artificial recharge
projects, 1 flood spreading system and 1 recharge ponds system, in the plain. To present the future
water resources management program the hydrogeological behaviors of the alluvial aquifer and the
effects of artificial recharge must be evaluated. edrock, hydrodynamic coefficients, topography, water
resources and were collected, field surveys were performed and required maps were prepared. Using
conceptual model and MODFLOW PMWIN code the mathematical model of the plain was
calibrated against water year 1380 -81 and then verified against water year 1384 - 85. The verified
model was used to predict future conditions of aquifer. The results implied the rapid response of
aquifer to precipitation due to high aquifer ransmissivity, positive water budget at year 1385
comparing year 65, change of direction of groundwater flow from plain outlet to the center of
plain in response to highly exploitation at the center of plain, water level in the wells located
downward the flood spreading system will raise as 1 to 6m and water level in t he wells located
downward the recharge pond system will lower as 1 to 4m.
CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE METHODOLOGY ADOPTED BY CERTAIN CAMEROONIAN STUDIES ...IAEME Publication
In the design of different types of building and storms, one takes often into account the action of the wind speeds and the requirement of the reference speed. The estimation of the reference is made by a statistical treatment of wind speeds recorded at meteorological stations. Some countries, such as France, have divided their territory into regions and proposed the reference velocity values to be adopted for each region. In Cameroon, in the absence of country-specific values, design offices adopt French values according to the topographical similarities between a French region and the Cameroon region where the Civil Engineering project will be built. To verify the validity of the process, we calculated the wind reference speed in the city of Douala on the basis of surveys carried out over a period of 40 years (1971-2010) by applying the regulatory requirements. The value obtained is lower than that of the corresponding French region adopted by the consulting firms. It is also weaker than those adopted by some countries such as Algeria, South Africa or Belgium. This can be explained by the fact that Douala and Cameroon are in the so-called equatorial calm zone which is characterized by low-intensity winds.
A STUDY ON PEER TO PEER NETWORK IN CURRENT NETWORKING IAEME Publication
Due to the truth that traditional centralized trusting mechanism cannot adapt to the call for of P2P network, we need installation a dispensed trusting mechanism to power the reliability of device. The accept as true with models consciousness o the participants. It divides P2P network into numerous overlapped companies with unique features and treats it as undergo in mind courting of companies preserve in thoughts relationship among agencies and friends and agree with dating amongst pals within the same organization. in a single corporation the evaluations among individuals come into being thru combos of records statistics of item peers written thru participants and individual experience of appreciators moreover via amending those statistics in keeping with versions of human beings abilities to statement. In P2P community the agree with evaluation among companies are obtained by means of way of the usage of a technique of global hold in mind. At last the take into account degree of aimed pals is calculated with the useful aid of valuations among participants in the same employer and receive as right with reviews amongst agencies, then corresponding selection of trade can be made via the recall degree. The experiments in simulation have demonstrated our version has strong ability for protective malicious peers and it has fewer errors in desires searching. It additionally costs little charge inside the re-convergence technique whilst community topology changes.
EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF MULTIPLE CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE SOIL YOUNG MOD...IAEME Publication
This paper consists to verify the validation of two multiple correlations between the Young’s modulus (E) of a soil and its identification parameters. These correlations are used to calculate two types of theoretical moduli called ESIKALI and ELCPC. The exploitation of triaxial test results allows specifying 4 experimental moduli such as the initial modulus Et0, the equivalent modulus Eelq, the secant modulus at 1/2 and 1/3 of the breaking strain Esec1/2 and Esec1/3. Our approach compares the theoretical and experimental modulus through straight linear regressions. The results show that the ELCPC better represents Et0 and Eelq while the ESIKALI is more consistent with Esec1/2.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS FACTORS AFFECTING CONTRACTOR’S PERFORMANCE IN LOWEST BID...IAEME Publication
Real estate sector in present scenario is going through a lean patch, many organisations are either running in loss or with a marginal profits. As in state government and central government departments contractors are facing huge problems that are in turn tending to decrease in contractor profits. The present study focuses on study of various factors that affect contractor’s performance who have been awarded projects on the basis of lowest bid awards. The study analyses various factors and their impacts on the basis of responses collected form a survey. On the basis of overall index and relative importance index factor causing a major impact on contractor’s efficiency have been identified.
STUDY OF FEASIBILITY FOR ADOPTING TOUCHLESS FAUCETS, LOW FLOW AERATORS AND SE...IAEME Publication
Objectives:
Today water is a scarce & precious commodity and it is emerging as a demand everywhere. Most of water is wasted when people don’t turn off the faucet out of laziness or negligence. People leave water running, while brushing one’s teeth or forgetting to shut the tap after the bathtub has been filled. To avoid wastage, sensors are fitted and the automatic operation of the sensors controls the wastage. This paper focuses on studies of the amount of water spent daily and reduces the consumption of water In order to save considerable amount of money as well as energy resources.
Methods/Analysis:
Drip calculators is a device installed, and it measures that a faucet releasing three drops a minute wastes appx 1 ml of water and more than 1.4 litres per day or approximately 511 litres per year. The adoption of automatic faucets, sensor urinals and low flow aerators make considerable amount of water savings as well as a cost -effective solution for water crisis. Equipped with motion sensors, automatic faucets only turn on and release water if a person is detected. Once the sensor determines that no one is in front, the valve closes automatically. In order to find the cost effectiveness, a Theatre in Trichy named as La cinemas have been studied.
Findings:
By installing these devices Initial cost is more but it’s a better approach for effective water saving measures. The benefits of automatic faucets are not only limited to (i) Water conservation but also helpful for people with Mobility problems; (ii) Reduce the risk of disease transmission (iii) saving in water Cost and Energy Conservation. The finding focuses on eradicating the water demand in Academic institution and to estimate the total percentage of savings in water and to have healthy environment.
Applications/Improvement:
It can be practically adopted for urban and semi urban belt. The cost incurred for transportation and Diesel consumption can be minimized. Further this technique can be recommended in public buildings in order to have economical water system.
Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) have high end-to-end latency, which is often faces disconnection, and unreliable wireless connections. It does not mean a delay service instead DTNs provides a service where network imposes disruption or delay. It operates in challenged networks with extremely limited resources such as memory size, CPU processing power etc. This paper presents an efficient trust managing mechanism for providing secure environment. The proposed dynamic trust management protocol uses a dynamic threshold updating which overcomes the problems with time changing dynamic characteristics by dynamically updating the criteria in response to changing network conditions. This reduces overheads and increases the efficient use of routing network even in conditions change. Also the dynamic threshold update reduces the false detection probability of the malicious nodes. To show the effectiveness of the proposed system, a detailed simulation in the presence of selfish and malicious nodes is performed with ONE simulator. Finally a comparative analysis of our proposed routing with previous routing protocols is also performed. The results demonstrate that presented algorithm deals effectively with selfish behavior with providing significant gain on effective delivery ratio in trade off with message overhead and delay
PERFORMANCE OF 3-D POLAR WEAVE CARBON-CARBON COMPOSITES IN HIGH THERMAL EROSI...IAEME Publication
Composite structures are generally made with bi-directional reinforcement either by filament winding and with continuous fiber or by laying of woven fabric or contour woven socks. For high temperature Aerospace applications the an-isotropic mechanical
property of bi-directionally reinforced materials poses a design problem as the mechanical properties in the third direction are dominated by the matrix. Low strength in the unreinforced regions between the fabric piles is a severe limitation for high thermal erosive environment. This problem is especially critical in applications involving high thermal stresses for ballistic Re-entry Nose tips and Solid Rocket motor throats [1]. The obvious solution is to add fiber reinforcement in the other directions to make the structure isotropic. This paper gives the complete details of the experimental
3-D cylindrical preforms developed with polar co-ordinates. This paper also explains the erosive behaviour of 3-D cylindrical preform in Oxy Acetylene flame testing.
EFFECT OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SQUEEZE FILM BETWEEN POROUS...IAEME Publication
In investigation aims to analyse the effect of transverse surface roughness on the squeeze film performance between porous rectangular plates. The associated differential equation is stochastically averaged making use of stochastic averaging method of Christensen and Tonder for transverse surface roughness. The equation is solved with appropriate boundary conditions to obtain the pressure and consequentlythe load bearing. The graphical results suggest that the bearing suffers because of transverse surface roughness. However the situation is slightly better in the case of
negatively skew roughness. Further variance (-ve) makes the situation furtherimproved even if moderate values of porosity are involved
ANALYTICAL TOOL FOR ANALYSING SLAGGING CHARACTERISTIC OF HIGH ASH COALS IN UT...IAEME Publication
In today’s competitive market, the performance of electric utility industry is a
serious concern to the nation. Majority of power plants are Coal-Fired Power plants
in India. Due to the wide variation in the quality of coal being fired, it affects the
performance of the power plant like furnace wall slagging, convective pass slagging
(both Low and High Temperature), soot blower effectiveness, erosion and
grindability. At this juncture, a reliable prediction is needed to assess the slagging
problem which in turn affects the performance parameters of power plant like heat
transfer rate, exit gas temperature, surface corrosion and frequency of soot blowing.
Though conventional indices and ash fusion temperature measurement techniques
do not aid in predicting slagging condition with field performance hence, it is reported
to be highly subjective in nature and poor accuracy.
In this work an alternative approach is made based on shrinkage measurement up
to 1400 °C of coal ash prepared at 800 °C. Sensitive shrinkage measurements indicate
temperatures of rapid change which correspond to the formation of liquid phases.
A preliminary evaluation of shrinkage data for coal ash collected at different
power stations firing wide variety of coal indicates that, the shrinkage profiles of the
ashes are differing widely and rate of shrinkage measurement can provide an
alternative approach to characterize/assess the slagging potential. Shrinkage
measurement of coal ash has been carried out for the coal ashes collected at different
power stations using different quality of coal
COMPARATIVE EMISSION ANALYSIS OF CNG AND OCTANE IN RETROFITTED CAR ENGINESIAEME Publication
Comparative emission analysis of octane and compressed natural gas (CNG) fueled retrofitted spark ignition car engine refers to exhaust emission (carbon monooxide, carbon di-oxide, Nitrogen Oxide) analysis and exhaust temperature on car engines which are operated with either gasoline or CNG using a solenoid actuated valve mechanism. The analysis was successfully carried out with the help of an exhaust gas analyzer (IMR 4000). Octane was used as the conventional fuels, whereas CNG was the alternative fuel. Comparative analysis of the experimental result showed the retrofitted engine produced higher exhaust gas temperature andNOx emission over different engines of different mileage when were used with CNG.
Other emission contents were significantly lower than those of the gasoline emissions.
COMBUSTION MONITORING THROUGH VIBRATIONAL DATA IN A TURBOCHARGED CITY CAR ENGINEIAEME Publication
Condition monitoring and optimization of diesel engine has been the focus of a
wide research approaches. Techniques have been developed in which in-cylinder
pressure measurements are used to calculate peak pressure and burn rates. In the
recent past, vibration, acoustic and speed measurements have received considerable
attention to this purpose. Methodologies have been developed in which these nonintrusive
measurements are employed to estimate the combustion progress. This work
is devoted to assess the potential application of a methodology developed by the
authors, in which the engine block vibration is used to estimate indicators able to
characterize the combustion development. Previous research activity demonstrated
that an accelerometer sensor placed in a selected position of the engine block is quite
sensitive to the combustion process in a naturally aspirated two-cylinder common rail
diesel engine mainly used in micro cars. The objective of this work is to evaluate the
applicability of the methodology to a more complex engine architecture (the same
engine was downsized by equipping it with a small turbocharger). Measurements were
performed in the engine operative field in which the turbocharger is truly effective.
The acquired signals were processed in time and frequency domains. Obtained results
proved the good accuracy of the estimation of combustion indicators (crank angle
corresponding to start of combustion, 50% of mass fraction burnt) via accelerometer
signal processing
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SPECIAL PURPOSE MACHINE USING HYDROPNEUMATIC CYLIND...IAEME Publication
Piercing is a type of shearing operation which creates a open hole in sheet metal
by separating interior section. The removed metal is discarded as strap. In general
piercing operation is done in mechanical presses using piercing tool. Piercing tools
are developed with indexing method by piercing 1 or 2 holes at a time. To do 4 holes
the tool is allowed to do first hole and then the first hole is located to do piercing of
other holes. This special purpose machine using hydro pneumatic cylinders to pierce 4
holes and 2 holes at a time in a square tube. The productivity and quality of the work
is increased by this machine. The use of Special Purpose Machines minimizes
Possibility of Human Errors. These machines are Designed to Operate Continuously
for 24 hours a day, with Minimum Supervision
QUALITY CONTROL AND SAFETY DURING CONSTRUCTIONIjmet 08 03_012IAEME Publication
The concept of Quality control has arisen to ensure that customer demands, and a level of quality and conformance are achieved. Quality Assurance is provided through the implementation of systemic management techniques ensuring control of the activities carried out by each party. This research provides a review of the topic of Quality control. In particular it looks at the meaning of quality control and the needs for its introduction into the construction industry. Current quality standards in the construction industry and the alternative quality systems, including the British Property Federation system, the Construction Industry Development Association's Code of Practice, and the Building and Construction Council's Quality Assessment Scheme are discussed. The quality control and safetyduring construction are highlighted
COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND CARBONATION OF SEA WATER CURED BLENDED CONCRETE IAEME Publication
This paper investigates the influence of sea water on pre-cast concrete containing
industrial by-product materials such as fly ash (FA) and silpozz. The mix design is targeted for
M30 grade concrete. Ten concrete mixtures were designed to have the same degree of
workability with water to cementitious material ratio of 0.43. The studied parameters include
the compressive strength of normal water curing (NWC) and sea water curing (SWC) samples
after 28 days of NWC for 7, 28, 90, 180 and 365 days curing period. The carbonation depth of
concrete samples for 28, 90, 180 and 365 days SWC after 28 days of NWC was measured. It
was found that the higher the FA content the higher is the carbonation process occurred. The
percentage increase in compressive strength for blended cement concrete in NWC is better
than the samples in SWC after 28 days of NWC
COMPARATIVE EMISSION ANALYSIS OF CNG AND OCTANE IN RETROFITTED CAR ENGINESIAEME Publication
Aluminium (Al) reinforced with Titanium Nitride (TiN) Metal Matrix composites find its application for elevated temperature operating conditions. 5, 10 and 15 weight percentage of TiN particles was added to aluminium to prepare the composite through powder metallurgy technique. The mixed powder was compacted at two compacting pressure of 250 MPa and 300 MPa to produce the specimens having h/d ratio in the range of 1.1 to 1.2. The specimens were sintered in nitrogen atmosphere at two different sintering temperatures of 4000C and 5000C with sintering time of 4 hours for each. Physical properties namely, green density, sintered density and mechanical properties such as hardness, compression strength and surface roughness were studied.
FLUID FLOW ANALYSIS IN AIR DUCT FLOW WITH AND WITHOUT INTERNAL THREADS USING ...IAEME Publication
Computational heat transfer flow modeling is one of the great challenges in the classical sciences. As with most problems in engineering, the interest in the heat transfer augmentation is increasing due to its extreme importance in various industrial applications. This paper deals with the analysis of heat transfer for fluid flowing through the pipe with and without internal threads using CFD. Using CFD codes for modeling the heat and fluid flow is an efficient tool for predicting equipment performance. CFD offers a convenient means to study the detailed flows and heat exchange processes, which take place inside the tube. Simulations were carried out using commercial CFD software ANSYS Fluent version 14.5. Friction factor and Nusselt number for air flowing through the specified tube (internal diameter = 0.005 m, length = 0.1 m) were obtained first for the plain tube and then for the tube with internal threads with pitch 5mm in the Reynolds number range of 2000 to 5000. Finally results will be compared to available experimental and analytical calculations. The data obtained by simulation are matching with the literature value for a plain tube with the discrepancy of less than plus or minus 5% for Nusselt number and for the friction factor.
Enhanced heat transfer for the tube with internal threads has been observed. Heat flux is more uniform all along the tube and decreases uniformly towards the center.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BIOGAS PRODUCTION FROM COW DUNG, FOOD WASTE AND ORGANIC ...IAEME Publication
Anaerobic digestion is one of the ecofriendly methods to treat and dispose the biodegradable wastes and has more advantages when compared to any other waste treatment methods. Biogas production and composting of slurry from the biogas plant is one of the methods to reduce volume of waste (zero waste discharge) and maximum energy recovery from the organic wastes is possible.
In this study the production potential of biogas from bio degradable organic wastes such as food waste, cow dung and fresh organic wastes under the same operating condition of room temperature between 28ºC to 32ºCare compared. A pilot plant of 0.3 cubic meter gas holding capacity is used as digester.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF GATE VALVE BODY AND SEAT RINGIAEME Publication
Gate valves are used when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum restriction is desired. Gate valves are so named because the part that either stops or allows flow of fluid through the valve acts somewhat like the opening or closing of a gate and is called, appropriately, the gate. This gate valve is widely used in various industries like
refineries, petrochemical complexes, fertilizer plants, power generation plants (hydro
- electric, thermal and nuclear) steel plants and allied industries etc. for a various
process. The objective of this project is to perform a stress analysis and temperature distribution of valve body of the Gate Valve. The seat ring is welded with the valve body by using gas tungsten arc welding. A model of body and seat ring of Gate Valve
is developed in SOLID WORKS 2014, and analyzed in ANSYS 15. Gate valve stress
analysis and temperature distribution is done by Finite Element Method using ANSYS15. The main purpose is to create a model of the gate valve body and analysis the loaddeformation, stress concentration, temperature distribution and directional heat flowin the valve body at the place where the seat ring is welded.
DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MATERIAL HANDLING ROBOT FOR MULTI STATIONIAEME Publication
In our project we have designed material handling robot for multi stations. Material handling robot for multi stations is a mobile robot used in industrial applications to move materials around a manufacturing area or a warehouse. Proximity Sensor, DC Motor, Wheel and Material handling vehicle are the main blocks in this project. Here we use proximity sensor to handle a material and to replace it at a particular place in for our requirement. For this purpose we use visitor guided vehicle. A motor is attached with the vehicle wheel for moving purpose. The motor gets power through control unit. The proximity sensor detects the positioning plate and gives the output signal to the control unit and it activates the relay. Themotor runs when the relay is on. When the vehicle reaches a particular place thereader detects and alarm is activated
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
ASSESSING THE EFFECTS OF SPATIAL INTERPOLATION OF RAINFALL ON THE STREAMFLOW ...civej
Precipitation within a river basin varies spatially and temporally and hence, is the most relevant input for
hydrologic modelling. Various interpolation methods exist to distribute rainfall spatially within a basin.
The sparse distribution of raingauge stations within a river basin and the differences in interpolation
methods can potentially impact the streamflow simulated using a hydrologic model. The present study
focuses on assessing the effect of spatial interpolation of rainfall using Theissen polygon, Inverse distance
weighted (IDW) method and Ordinary Kriging on the streamflow simulated using a physically based
spatially distributed model-SHETRAN in Vamanapuram river basin in Southern Kerala, India. The
SHETRAN model in the present study utilises rainfall data from the available rain gauge stations within the
basin and potential evapo-transpiration calculated using Penman-Monteith method, along with other input
parameters like soil and landuse. Four years of rainfall and evapo-transpiration data on a daily scale is
used for model calibration and one year data for validation. The performance of the different spatial
interpolation methods were assessed based on the Mean Annual flow and statistical parameters like NashSutcliffe
Efficiency, coefficient of determination. The ordinary kriging and IDW methods were found to be
satisfactory in the spatial interpolation of rainfall.
Determining The Coefficient Of Tr, Α And River Length (L) Of Flood Runoff Mod...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A study confined to the lower tapi basin in Gujarat, India to find out the primary causes for 2006 floods in Surat city. The study involves collection of topographical data from the local geological survey organization, rainfall data from meteorological department of india and the application of HEC-HMS software from US Army corps of engineers to identify the primary cause of the runoff.
journal of engineering and applied science 18.pdfnareshkotra
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a speed publication schedule with whilst maintaining rigorous peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats for article delivery of expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field as appropriate to ensure that they are as same as to be the level of interest and importance appropriate for the journal.
journal of applied science and engineering.pdfnareshkotra
The International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Research and Technology is an international online journal in English published Quarterly offers a fast publication schedule with maintaining rigorous peer review and the use of recommended electronic formats of article delivery expedites the process of All submitted research articles are subjected to immediate rapid screening by the editors consultation with the Editorial Board or others working in the field of appropriate to ensure that they are likely to be the level of interest and importance of appropriate for the journal.
A REVIEW ON RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION STUDIES USING SATELLITE REMOTE SENSING TE...ijiert bestjournal
Sedimentation in the reservoir gradually reduces it s storage capacity. By keeping a check on the sedimentation and by providing control measures for the same,the reservoir life can be maintained. Uj jani dam was constructed for irrigation,water supply an d power generation schemes. It lies in Solapur dist rict which is a drought prone area. This makes Ujjani a socially and economically significant project for t he state. In the present study,reservoir sedimentatio n for Ujjani reservoir is assessed for monitoring p urpose. Two techniques namely Satellite Remote Sensing Tech nique (SRST) and mathematical modeling using HEC RAS,were used in the study for estimating sedi mentation. Owing to advantages like low cost,time saving,less manpower requirement,accuracy in esti mation and capability of carrying out past surveys,the Satellite Remote Sensing Technique is gaining impor tance over the time consuming and high cost conventional hydrographic surveys. The water spread areas for different reservoir levels were delineat ed from the satellite images of Ujjain Reservoir using ARC GIS software. Volume between two water levels was calculated using prismoidul formula. The presen t volume of reservoir was compared with the initial volume during impoundment of reservoir. This gave t he loss of volume which was due to sedimentation.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
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Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
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and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
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Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
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Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
2. Determination of Net Flows into Almatti Reservoir from CWC Gauge Data and Reservoir Data
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 2 editor@iaeme.com
some other sites from 1972 onwards. Therefore a monthly inflow series for the period 1972-73 to
2007-08 at Almatti is developed using these gauged flows.
The salient features of the Almatti reservoir are given below in Table 1.
Table 1 Salient features of the Almatti reservoir
S.No. Name of the project Unit Almatti
1 Sub-basin K-2
2 Catchment area (Sq.Km) 35926
3 Gross storage (TMC) 223.52
4 Live storage (TMC) 205.98
5 Dead storage (TMC) 17.57
6 F.R.L m 524.26
7 M.D.D.L m
8 D.S.L m 506.87
9 Length of spillway dam m 486.50
10 Length of non-spillway dam m 676.33
11 Length of earthen dam m 402.00
12 Total length of dam m 1564.83
13 Crest level m 509.02
14 Number of gates 26
15 Gate size mxm 15x10.584
16 Type of Gate Radial
17 Design flood Cumecs 31,007
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
An analytical method (AM) and a method using the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) are proposed by
Chao Dung et.all to determine nonfluctuating reservoir inflow based on the concept of inflow
continuity. The AM is developed based on the simultaneous minimization of both the estimated
reservoir water level error and the inflow variation. The EnKF, which is built on state equations
(inflow continuity and water balance equations) and an observation equation (the reservoir stage-
storage relationship), is used to update inflow states by assimilating water level observations. The two
proposed methods are evaluated using a synthetic experiment with various conditions including water
level observation error, reservoir stage-storage relationship error, and the influence of water surface
slope. The AM outperforms the EnKF under all conditions. Case studies of the Gaobazhou and
Danjiangkou Reservoirs in China demonstrate that both of the proposed methods can derive an hourly
inflow without fluctuations. The results indicate that the AM and the EnKF method can improve
reservoir inflow estimation compared with conventional methods.
In this study Samuel Dixton and Robert Willy explores the feasibility of applying remotely sensed
precipitation estimates (in this case from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission [TRMM]) for
forecasting inflows to the strategically important Toktogul reservoir in the Naryn basin, Kyrgyzstan.
Correlations between observed precipitation at Naryn and 0.5° TRMM totals is weaker for daily
(r = 0.25) than monthly (r = 0.93) totals, but the Naryn gauge is representative of monthly TRMM
precipitation estimates across ~60% of the basin. The precipitations are estimated by remote sensing
techniques and transferred to the reservoir. Over 80% of the variance in monthly inflows is explained
with three-month lead, and up to 65% for summer half-year average. The analysis also reveals zones
that are delivering highest predictability and hence candidate areas for surface network expansion.
In this study ASG range et al have developed a complementary modelling framework for
improving real-time forecasting without needing to modify the pre-existing forecasting model, but
instead formulating an independent additive or complementary model that captures the structure the
existing operational model.. The application of this principle for issuing improved hourly inflow
3. M. Visweswararao and Dr. G. K. Viswandh
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 3 editor@iaeme.com
forecasts into hydropower reservoirs over extended lead times, and the parameter estimation procedure
reformulated to deal with bias, persistence and heteroscedasticity. The procedure presented comprises
an error model added on top of an unalterable constant parameter conceptual model. This procedure is
applied in the 207 km2 Krinsvatn catchment in central Norway. Deterministic and probabilistic
evaluations revealed an overall significant improvement in forecast accuracy for lead times up to 17 h.
Evaluation of the percentage of observations bracketed in the forecasted 95 % confidence interval
indicated that the degree of success in containing 95 % of the observations varies across seasons and
hydrologic years.
Hiroyukisuzuki et.al has estimated the amount of water inflow into a dam reservoir from the
increment of hydrostatic water level in the constant time intervals. The data of water inflow is
important for efficient dam operation. Therefore, the measurement of hydrostatic water level with high
accuracy is important work to know the exact amount of water inflow. However, the data of water
level is disturbed by the signals of wind wave, seiche and so on. The estimation method of hydrostatic
water level is demanded from a dam administrator. This paper proposes the new estimation method of
hydrostatic water level using IIR digital filter, and the effect of this filter is discussed. It is confirmed
that the water inflow can be estimated using the new method. And the accuracy of estimation is
discussed by investigating the variance of filter output.
The FYE(Firm yield estimator) methodology to estimate stream flow to the reservoir at an
ungaged site was tested by simulating streamflow at two streamflow-gaging stations in Massachusetts
and comparing the simulated streamflow to the observed streamflow. In general, the FYE-simulated
flows agreed well with observed flows. There were substantial deviations from the measured values
for extreme high and low flows. A sensitivity analysis determined that the model’s streamflow
estimates are most sensitive to input values for average annual precipitation, reservoir drainage area,
and the soil-retention number—a term that describes the amount of precipitation retained by the soil in
the basin. Firm yields for 25 (14 single-reservoir systems and 11 multiple-reservoir systems) reservoir
systems were determined by using the historical records of streamflow and precipitation. Current
water-use data indicate that, on average, 20 of the 25 reservoir systems in the study were operating
below their estimated firm yield; during months with peak demands, withdrawals exceeded the firm
yield for 8 reservoir systems. Introduction Growing demands on Massachusetts drinking-water
supplies have increased the likelihood that withdrawals could deplete available storage capacity and
result in supply shortfalls. A common way to evaluate reservoir behavior is by calculating a firm yield
for the reservoir, defined as the maximum yield that can be delivered by the reservoir, even through a
severe drought. Ideally, the firm yield would be determined from a period of record that included the
worst drought likely to affect the reservoir. Firm-yield estimates typically are not based on streamflow
and precipitation data that include the drought-of-record because these data are unavailable for most
drinking-water supply reservoirs. Furthermore, even at monitored locations where streamflow and
precipitation data are available, the length of the record often does not include the drought-of record.
Because of these limitations, Massachusetts drinking Firm Yield and the Estimation of Firm Yield for
Streamflow is to be properly evaluated during drought periods.
During an extreme event, having accurate inflow forecasting with enough lead time helps reservoir
operators decrease the impact of floods downstream. Furthermore, being able to efficiently operate
reservoirs could help maximize flood protection while saving water for drier times of the year. In this
study Shenichi Yang &Tsun hua yang combined ensemble quantitative precipitation forecasts and a
hydrological model to provide a 3-day reservoir inflow in the Shihmen Reservoir, Taiwan. A total of
six historical typhoons were used for model calibration, validation, and application. An understanding
of cascaded uncertainties from the numerical weather model through the hydrological model is
necessary for a better use for forecasting. This study thus conducted an assessment of forecast
uncertainty on magnitude and timing of peak and cumulative inflows. It found that using the
ensemble-mean had less uncertainty than randomly selecting individual member. The inflow forecasts
4. Determination of Net Flows into Almatti Reservoir from CWC Gauge Data and Reservoir Data
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 4 editor@iaeme.com
with shorter length of cumulative time had a higher uncertainty. The results showed that using the
ensemble precipitation forecasts with the hydrological model would have the advantage of extra lead
time and serve as a valuable reference for operating reservoirs.
In the present study the CWC gauged data available at various gauge sites is transferred to Almatti
and the net flows are arrived at on monthly basis. The results are compared with the actual observed
data at Almatti for the period 2003-2007.
3. METHODOLOGY FOR THE PRESENT STUDY
Almatti reservoir receives flows from sub basins K1, K3, and part of K2 of Krishna basin. The gauge
data at Kurundwad and Sadalga was used to estimate the gross flows of K1 sub basin. Similarly
Bagalkot station and galgali is used for K3 and K2 respectively. For the period when the data at these
gauge sites is not available other nearby sites are used. The reservoir working table data was used to
develop the gross flows at the reservoir site. Whenever the reservoir data is not available the
catchment rain fall proportions are used to develop the gross flow series at that reservoir. For the first
reservoir in the sub basin the net flows are worked out as the gross flows minus the planned upstream
utilisations including minor irrigation and small projects upstream of reservoir. The intermediate flows
from 2nd
to first are worked out by taking the difference of gross flows of the two reservoirs. The flows
are routed through the first reservoir considering the planned utilisations of that project. The spills and
the intermediate gross flows less the minor irrigation and the small projects in the catchment of first to
second reservoir form the net flows in reservoir2. These flows are again routed considering the
planned utilisations from the second reservoir to the third ans so on till the gauge site. The net flows
that flow from the gauge site are then worked out at the end of sub basin at the gauge site. This process
is done for all the three sub basinsK1,K2, and K3. The monthly planned utilisation pattern is derived at
based on 10 year average utilisation of major projects. The utilisations are considered as provided in
the awards. The catchment contribution below the gauge sites is worked out with catchment and rain
fall proportions and minor irrigation deducted from the same. This is then added to the flows from K1,
K3 and K2 to get the net flows at Almatti.
The net flows at Almaati are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Monthly net inflows in to Almatti reservoir
Monthly net inflows in to Almatti reservoir
Year june july Aug sep oct nov dec jan feb mar apr may total
1972 0.21 144.38 43.22 17.62 4.68 1.18 0.89 0.98 0.95 0.9 0.96 0.84 216.81
1973 6.38 226.29 163.21 96.62 37.73 6.881 1.82 1.91 1.76 1.98 1.19 4.08 549.85
1974 0.17 140.52 166.96 58.19 75.01 11.29 1.87 2.26 1.87 1.31 1.04 1.04 461.53
1975 38.42 227.82 219.4 117.18 109.67 38.45 4.21 3.49 2.6 2.16 1.6 1.36 766.36
1976 51.08 190.43 242.66 91.81 15.32 2.71 2.04 2.23 2.06 1.81 1.5 2.99 606.64
1977 32.15 200.8 121.1 112.31 32.14 12.3 9.22 3.38 3.12 2.16 2.66 3.02 534.36
1978 50.63 128.49 271.96 114.55 18.82 5.68 2.67 3.34 2.91 2.04 1.48 1.21 603.78
1979 7.08 75.2 311.55 72.76 32.33 7.9 3.12 3.1 2.8 1.82 2.37 7.94 527.97
1980 22.47 219.56 300.98 56.8 10.41 2.51 2.15 2.72 2.51 1.73 1.38 1.05 624.27
1981 0.17 166.2 250.48 88.48 23.91 3.54 2.99 3.51 3.08 2.41 1.43 1.97 548.17
1982 1.31 89.12 255.86 20.08 8.5 4.59 2.77 3.17 2.61 2.12 1.49 1.12 392.74
1983 35.94 165.86 266.38 63.26 14.15 1.95 2.25 2.54 2.25 2.11 1.9 1.45 560.04
1984 1.3 151.86 136.13 36.41 19.14 3.61 2.9 3.1 2.49 2.48 1.97 1.2 362.59
1985 6.85 78.82 188.5 13 26.62 1.99 2.7 3.11 2.25 2.09 1.77 1.8 329.5
1986 13.5 89.15 160.64 7.48 4.64 3.25 1.75 2.27 1.99 1.71 1.6 1.39 289.37
1987 0.17 67.35 57.33 19.48 10.81 0.85 1.59 1.3 1.27 1.42 1.44 1.02 164.03
5. M. Visweswararao and Dr. G. K. Viswandh
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 5 editor@iaeme.com
1988 0.17 172.11 182.75 106.96 26.74 1.31 2.31 2.57 2.31 1.85 1.56 1.15 501.79
1989 3.36 149.39 112.51 39.38 17.12 1.66 2.27 2.39 2.16 1.63 1.02 4.53 337.42
1990 0.78 173.5 268.12 81.04 28.46 8.11 1.97 2.35 1.75 1.47 1.8 1.2 570.55
1991 55.51 226.17 314.89 44.37 24.84 1.98 2.61 4.26 3.62 2.52 1.39 0.81 682.97
1992 0.17 80.34 190.08 66.14 16.42 2.71 2.57 2.85 2.04 1.69 0.96 0.65 366.62
1993 18.66 171.34 256.39 62.01 113.24 10.76 11.29 8.08 6.55 5.28 6.56 3 673.16
1994 49.76 611.76 218.36 262.98 30.05 4.03 2.42 10.03 2.74 1.8 1.7 1.2 1196.8
1995 0.17 77.87 58.3 77.66 56.65 4.04 2.76 2.87 2.26 1.42 0.95 0.98 285.93
1996 5.33 109.24 128.79 30.31 139.87 8.86 4.03 5.25 2.7 1.93 1.1 2.55 439.96
1997 12.84 170.96 488.9 54.11 13.3 11.3 7.53 3.38 2.82 2.78 1.94 1.21 771.07
1998 2.08 122.93 115.79 71.73 117 12.02 2.44 2.83 3.41 3.8 3.12 5.98 463.13
1999 40.48 248.08 138.76 29.34 101.96 10.27 2.29 3.08 2.48 1.58 2.56 2.69 583.57
2000 7.29 94.18 60.62 61.15 35.39 2.42 0.95 1.17 0.92 0.88 0.87 0.51 266.35
2001 3.85 87.07 85.27 19.5 23.78 0.57 0.77 0.87 0.48 0.44 0.49 0.42 223.51
2002 6.5 45.02 136.57 19.55 12.97 0.38 0.73 1.1 1.19 1.41 1.35 0.99 227.76
2003 10.38 69.04 59.35 21.93 1.56 0.21 0.19 0.67 1.19 1.18 0.87 0.42 166.99
2004 51.08 34.44 266.93 31.77 14.2 1.25 1.41 1.4 1 1.04 1.05 1.05 406.62
2005 7.38 261.27 578.68 223.85 26.4 1.42 1.58 1.76 1.7 1.59 1.41 1.22 1108.3
2006 26.32 275.67 639.49 95.16 31.9 1.14 1.78 1.79 1.78 1.63 1.51 1.38 1079.6
2007 26.83 292.65 237.84 136.57 21.89 1.81 2.02 2.34 2.45 2.05 1.64 2.18 730.27
The actual net flows observed during the period 2003-04 to 2007-08 at Almatti are given in Table
3.
Table 3 Actual observed flows in Almatti reservoir
Actual observed flows in Almatti reservoir
Month 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
June 21.21 70.12 5.74 32.78 38.897
July 75.28 39.12 223.6 287.76 338.604
August 61.58 306.05 577.01 621.15 206.398
September 22.55 29.78 213.38 81.9 119.147
October 3.04 15.80 43.08 23.53 22.8
November 1.5 0 0
December 0 0
January 0 0
Febraury 0 0
March 0 0
April 0 0
May 0.67 0 0
Total 183.66 460.87 1064.98 1047.12 725.85
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
It could be seen that the average inflows on annual basis in the ultimate scenario in to Almatti will be
486.71 TMC. The Maximum inflow in to the Almatti in ultimate condition will be 1033.91 TMC
whereas the minimum net flow in ultimate condition will be very low and will be 98.59 TMC. A
comparision of table 2 and table 3 shows that there will be a reduction of 16.67,54.27 TMC in the
6. Determination of Net Flows into Almatti Reservoir from CWC Gauge Data and Reservoir Data
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 6 editor@iaeme.com
annual flows at Almatti in the years 2003-04 and 2004-05 from the present scenario to the ultimate
scenario when full development upstream takes place.
In good years there is no much variation in the annual flows. This is because of the increase in
storage at Almaati from 123 TMC to 220 TMC. The flows in June have reduced by 10.83,19.04,6.46 and
12.10 TMC in the years
2003,2004,2006 and 2007. This is due to the reason that these flows will be stored upstream and
flows will come only after the storages are filled up or the generation below gauge sites is
considerable. In 2005 there is no reduction in june but the variation is small. This small variation may
be due to storage effects of Almatti and other projects up stream of Almatti.
The flows in july have reduced by 6.24,4.68,12.09 and 45.954 TMC in the years 2003,2004,2006
and 2007. This is due to the reason that these flows will be stored upstream and flows will come only
after the storages are filled up or the generation below gauge sites is considerable. In 2005 there is no
reduction in july . This variation may be due to storage effects of Almatti and other projects up stream
of Almatti. IT could be seen that there are non mosoon flows in the ultimate scenario this is because
the releases ordered by Tribunal for minimum environmental flows and releases to Chennai water
supply to be supplied by upstream projects to Almaati.
5. CONCLUSIONS
From the above study it can be concluded that the average inflow into Almatti will be 574.86 TMC,
the maximum inflow will be 1196.8 TMC and the minimum flow will be 166.99 TMC. The flows in
Annual in deficit years may reduce by about 50 TMC but there is no variation in the good years as the
storage effects will take care of this aspect during good years. It can be concluded that there will be
reduction of flows in the June and July flows in the ultimate scenario except in very good years. There
will be some minimum flows in the non-monsoon in the ultimate scenario to take care of
environmental aspects and Chennai water supply.
REFERENCES
[1] Chaw Dung et.al-estimation of non-fluctuating reservoir inflow from water level observations
using methods based on continuity- Journal of Hydrology, Vol.529,Part3 oct 2015, p.1198-1210
[2] Samuel G. Dixton, Robert l. Wilby- Fore casting reservoir inflows using remotely sensed
precipitation estimates- A pilot study for thr river Naryn, Kyrgyzstan-Hydrological sciences- Vol
16,2016, Issue1
[3] AS Grange et.al-Improving real time inflow forecasting in to hydropower reservoirs through a
complimentary model frame work- Hydrology and earth sciences, 27 th aug,2015
[4] 4.Hiroyuki et.al- A new estimation of inflow in to dam reservoir using digital filter- Japan society
of civil engineers, Vol 2001,(2001) No. 677, p.1-19, released in 2010
[5] USGS-Factors effecting firm yield and the estimation of firm yield for selected stream flow
dominated drinking water supply reservoirs in Massachusetts- Usgs scientific report 2006,5094
[6] Shenin chi yang & TSun yua Yang- uncertaintity assessment in reservoir inflow forecasting with
eon senble precipitation forecasts and HMC, HMS-Advanced meterology, Volume 2014,11 pages,
A.I.9-581756
[7] CWC gauge data record of Krishna basin 1972- 2007
[8] Almatti inflow observations 2003-2007
[9] Almatti project report
[10] KWDT1 & KWDT2 awards
7. M. Visweswararao and Dr. G. K. Viswandh
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/index.asp 7 editor@iaeme.com
[11] Patil R.A. and Shetkar R.V., Prediction of Sediment Deposition in Reservoir using Artificial Neural
Networks. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7 (4), 2016 , pp. 01–1 .
[12] Maharam Dakua, Asef Mohammad Redwan, Begum Nazia Jahan, Syed Mohammed Tareq,
Saifuddin Ahmed and Nowroz Farhan Noor, A Case Study on Management of Rainwater Reservoir
in Hilly Areas of Bangladesh. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET),
7(6), 2016, pp.193 – 201.
[13] Mohamed Ayman El Salawy, Tamer Ali Elgohary, Amir Mohamed Akl Mobasher and Mai
Mahmmoud Abd El Aziz, Impact of Climate Change on Resrevior Operation Policies–The Case of
Aswan High Dam Reservoir, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 7(2),
2016, pp. 107–116