This document describes a flood warning system designed using IoT technology and water characteristic sensors. The system monitors water levels and velocity at dams using ultrasonic sensors and a water velocity sensor connected to an ESP8266 microcontroller. The sensor data is sent in real-time over the internet and used to determine the hazard level, which is notified to users through a smartphone app. The system aims to provide accurate and rapid flood warnings to minimize disaster impacts by allowing people time to save their property and lives. It was tested using a dam prototype and different water characteristic scenarios.
How smart water meters can help consumers save energyGerrit Rentier
Customers spend much of their energy budget on heating water with gas (showers, baths) or electricity (washers). Smart water meters can show them how much and when this happens, so they can become more aware and get information on which they can decide to save on water and energy. (Presentation Smart Water Systems, London, April 28th 2014)
Electronet is a supplier of everything from water meters, metering systems to service and support. It is our job to make it easy for you to run a sustainable water utility. Electronet delivers solutions in Residential and Industrial water metering. Our water metering solutions are based on proven technology and represent the next generation of smart metering. With a READY automated water meter reading system, you can say goodbye to manual readings, reporting via the internet and estimated calculations. Now, you can personally read consumption data automatically, without disturbing consumers.
Electronet's Smart Water Metering System aims to give consumers the information that they need to make intelligent decisions, the ability to execute those decisions and a variety of choices leading to substantial benefits they would not have enjoyed otherwise. With its robust Metering Infrastructure, It makes easy for the franchisees to manage the utilities and help them in greatly improving the consumer service and also refining the utility operations and asset management processes.
The whole distribution network can be continuously monitored real time by any specified interval reads. Reduction in overall water consumption requires a smart metering system, which enables companies to remotely cut off the water supply, in case a consumer exceeds the overdue limit. Utilities company, derive benefits from accurate billing, easy remote monitoring, and detection and prevention of theft.
More Info: http://www.eeplindia.com/water-metering.html
Water, hydroinformatics and circular economy - dif dragan savicDragan Savic
The document discusses a "Big Top Tent" session during the Disruptive Innovation Festival 2015 on the topic of "Water and Circular Economy". The session will take place on November 12, 2015 from 3-4pm GMT. It provides a registration link. It then discusses how hydroinformatics uses modeling tools and information and communication technologies to take a holistic approach to sustainable water management, addressing physical, social, and economic factors. The Center for Water Systems at the University of Exeter is given as an example. Benefits of the circular economy approach for water management are listed as saving energy and water, ensuring food security, reducing waste through reuse and recycling, generating new uses for used products, preserving natural resources, fighting climate
Smart meters are a major component of eco friendly home or building. Smart metering is required for the operation of the smart homes and buildings. The benefits of smart water metering have been recognized. A powerful approach for hour by hour monitoring and metering purposes in water networks is the automatic meter infrastructure AMI . Smart metering is now an established technology which can be applied to collect, store, and distribute real time data on water usage. This paper provides a brief introduction to the smart water metering. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Adedamola A. Omotoso | Sarhan M. Musa "Smart Water Metering" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29223.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29223/smart-water-metering/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Intelligent water systems, also known as smart water networks, integrate sensors, meters, and other devices to remotely monitor water distribution networks. This allows utilities to detect problems, optimize infrastructure, and improve decision making. The iWIDGET project is evaluating smart metering technologies in three European case studies. Key challenges of smart water systems include high costs, data security and privacy, developing standards, and assessing the business case. To address water losses and energy use, utilities are considering expanding metering programs, which have reduced consumption by 12% in tested areas. Overall, smart networks aim to improve water management, efficiency and infrastructure investment decisions.
IRJET- IoT based Smart Water Manangement SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based smart water management system that was developed by a group of students. The system uses sensors to monitor water flow and conductivity in real-time. It consists of an IoT device that can be installed at any water source to measure water usage. The data is transmitted to a webpage where users can view water usage and conductivity levels. The goals of the system are to prevent water waste, identify excessive usage, and ensure more equal water distribution. It aims to overcome issues with traditional water management systems like human errors, unequal supply, and illegal consumption.
Sensors and modelling - Cornerstones for smart water managementMarc Moreau
Sensors and modeling are cornerstones for smart water management. Key applications include forecasting water demand using sensor and modeling data, managing water resources by continuously monitoring sensitive areas, managing water distribution networks through optimal sensor placement and online water quality modeling, managing waste water networks with new sensors for sulfur and online models, and protecting the environment by preventing combined sewer overflows through integrated monitoring, weather forecasting, and network optimization. New collaborative projects are exploring challenges in waste water monitoring and management.
This document discusses strategies for smart water management and reducing non-revenue water (NRW). It notes that a global survey found water stress is likely to increase by 2030 in most areas due to rising demand. To address this, utilities are focusing on increasing water productivity through leaks plugging and recycling. The document advocates for an analytical approach to smart water using network sensors, meters, and data analytics to detect leaks and reduce losses. This involves defining key performance indicators, reference models and prioritizing initiatives based on their impact and costs. District metering areas and active management of awareness, location and repair of leaks are highlighted as effective strategies.
How smart water meters can help consumers save energyGerrit Rentier
Customers spend much of their energy budget on heating water with gas (showers, baths) or electricity (washers). Smart water meters can show them how much and when this happens, so they can become more aware and get information on which they can decide to save on water and energy. (Presentation Smart Water Systems, London, April 28th 2014)
Electronet is a supplier of everything from water meters, metering systems to service and support. It is our job to make it easy for you to run a sustainable water utility. Electronet delivers solutions in Residential and Industrial water metering. Our water metering solutions are based on proven technology and represent the next generation of smart metering. With a READY automated water meter reading system, you can say goodbye to manual readings, reporting via the internet and estimated calculations. Now, you can personally read consumption data automatically, without disturbing consumers.
Electronet's Smart Water Metering System aims to give consumers the information that they need to make intelligent decisions, the ability to execute those decisions and a variety of choices leading to substantial benefits they would not have enjoyed otherwise. With its robust Metering Infrastructure, It makes easy for the franchisees to manage the utilities and help them in greatly improving the consumer service and also refining the utility operations and asset management processes.
The whole distribution network can be continuously monitored real time by any specified interval reads. Reduction in overall water consumption requires a smart metering system, which enables companies to remotely cut off the water supply, in case a consumer exceeds the overdue limit. Utilities company, derive benefits from accurate billing, easy remote monitoring, and detection and prevention of theft.
More Info: http://www.eeplindia.com/water-metering.html
Water, hydroinformatics and circular economy - dif dragan savicDragan Savic
The document discusses a "Big Top Tent" session during the Disruptive Innovation Festival 2015 on the topic of "Water and Circular Economy". The session will take place on November 12, 2015 from 3-4pm GMT. It provides a registration link. It then discusses how hydroinformatics uses modeling tools and information and communication technologies to take a holistic approach to sustainable water management, addressing physical, social, and economic factors. The Center for Water Systems at the University of Exeter is given as an example. Benefits of the circular economy approach for water management are listed as saving energy and water, ensuring food security, reducing waste through reuse and recycling, generating new uses for used products, preserving natural resources, fighting climate
Smart meters are a major component of eco friendly home or building. Smart metering is required for the operation of the smart homes and buildings. The benefits of smart water metering have been recognized. A powerful approach for hour by hour monitoring and metering purposes in water networks is the automatic meter infrastructure AMI . Smart metering is now an established technology which can be applied to collect, store, and distribute real time data on water usage. This paper provides a brief introduction to the smart water metering. Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Adedamola A. Omotoso | Sarhan M. Musa "Smart Water Metering" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29223.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29223/smart-water-metering/matthew-n-o-sadiku
Intelligent water systems, also known as smart water networks, integrate sensors, meters, and other devices to remotely monitor water distribution networks. This allows utilities to detect problems, optimize infrastructure, and improve decision making. The iWIDGET project is evaluating smart metering technologies in three European case studies. Key challenges of smart water systems include high costs, data security and privacy, developing standards, and assessing the business case. To address water losses and energy use, utilities are considering expanding metering programs, which have reduced consumption by 12% in tested areas. Overall, smart networks aim to improve water management, efficiency and infrastructure investment decisions.
IRJET- IoT based Smart Water Manangement SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based smart water management system that was developed by a group of students. The system uses sensors to monitor water flow and conductivity in real-time. It consists of an IoT device that can be installed at any water source to measure water usage. The data is transmitted to a webpage where users can view water usage and conductivity levels. The goals of the system are to prevent water waste, identify excessive usage, and ensure more equal water distribution. It aims to overcome issues with traditional water management systems like human errors, unequal supply, and illegal consumption.
Sensors and modelling - Cornerstones for smart water managementMarc Moreau
Sensors and modeling are cornerstones for smart water management. Key applications include forecasting water demand using sensor and modeling data, managing water resources by continuously monitoring sensitive areas, managing water distribution networks through optimal sensor placement and online water quality modeling, managing waste water networks with new sensors for sulfur and online models, and protecting the environment by preventing combined sewer overflows through integrated monitoring, weather forecasting, and network optimization. New collaborative projects are exploring challenges in waste water monitoring and management.
This document discusses strategies for smart water management and reducing non-revenue water (NRW). It notes that a global survey found water stress is likely to increase by 2030 in most areas due to rising demand. To address this, utilities are focusing on increasing water productivity through leaks plugging and recycling. The document advocates for an analytical approach to smart water using network sensors, meters, and data analytics to detect leaks and reduce losses. This involves defining key performance indicators, reference models and prioritizing initiatives based on their impact and costs. District metering areas and active management of awareness, location and repair of leaks are highlighted as effective strategies.
IRJET- Digital Water Management and Automatic Bill Generation SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for digital water management and automatic bill generation. The system collects water consumption data from sensors connected to a microcontroller. It then transmits this data over the internet to a server where it is stored and analyzed. The system allows for live monitoring of water usage and generates accurate bills for each flat. It also has features like leakage detection and open tap detection to promote water conservation. The system is designed to address issues with traditional water metering and billing like lack of live monitoring, limited number of sensors, and inability to detect issues or generate detailed bills.
TaKaDu presentation - CIWEM Smart Water Networks Seminar - 4 Dec 2014 - publicDavid Kenny
1. The document discusses monitoring water networks using smart technologies to improve efficiency and address water scarcity issues.
2. It outlines the paradigm shift from old approaches relying on basic monitoring and maintenance to new smarter paradigms using advanced technologies, integrated data sources, and near real-time monitoring to more effectively manage leaks, assets, and water loss.
3. The vision is that smart water networks using big data, cloud computing, and smart analytics can provide benefits like early burst detection and leak notification, improved prioritization and efficiency, and reduced water losses and customer complaints.
IRJET- Automation of Smart Waste Management using IoTIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an academic paper that proposes an automated smart waste management system using IoT. Key aspects of the system include:
- Using ultrasonic sensors and a moisture sensor connected to a microcontroller to sort waste as dry or wet and monitor fill levels of garbage bins.
- An ESP8266 WiFi module updates the status of bins on a mobile app in real-time.
- The system is intended to reduce human resources needed for waste collection while enabling more efficient monitoring as part of a smart city vision.
Simulation results showed the system correctly identifying bin fill levels and updating an app and database with the status of dry and wet bins at different fill levels.
This document summarizes a presentation about smart water networks. It discusses how smart water networks use information technology to optimize water utility management with minimum capital expenditures. Examples are provided of smart water network implementations in Belo Horizonte, Brazil and Qatar that have helped reduce non-revenue water and improve maintenance practices. The conclusions emphasize that smart water networks can improve both operational and business benefits by maximizing existing IT systems and integrating data from different platforms through a centralized GIS system.
IRJET- Smart Meter for Water Utilization using IoTIRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart water meter system using IoT technology to monitor household water consumption. The system uses a water flow sensor connected to a NodeMCU microcontroller to measure the flow rate and quantity of water used. The microcontroller sends this consumption data to the cloud where users can monitor their water usage. This allows charging households based on individual consumption rather than total usage, addressing issues with common meters. The proposed system aims to promote water conservation by providing visibility into water usage.
The Internet of Things (IoT) can be able to incorporate a large number of different end systems and it have the ability to transfer data over internet without human interaction. One of the main concerns with our environment has been solid waste management which in addition to disturbing the balance of the environment. it also has adverse effects on the health of the people in the society. The detection, monitoring and management of wastes is one of the primary problems. The traditional way of manually monitoring the wastes in garbage bins is the complex process and also it utilizes more human effort and time. This is an advanced method in waste management since it is automated. This IoT garbage monitoring system is a very innovative system which will help to prevent overflowing of wastes from the bin and keep cities clean. This system monitors the garbage bins and informs about the level of garbage collected in garbage bins. The data is transfer through internet to the control room.
Using Mobile Phones and PCs for Monitoring the Delivery of Water Services in ...IRC
By Joseph Abisa, Peter Magara, Peter Wakholi, Triple-S Uganda. Prepared for the Monitoring sustainable WASH service delivery symposium, 9-11 April 2013, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Smart garbage collection system in residential areaeSAT Journals
Abstract
As the name suggests we are developing an Automatic garbage collection and information gathering system which is based on Image processing as well as on GSM module. The main concept is that a Camera will be placed at every garbage collection point along with load cell sensor at bottom of the garbage can. The camera will take continuous snapshots of the garbage can. A threshold level is set which compares the output of camera and load sensor .The comparison is done with help of microcontroller. After analysing the image we get an idea about level of garbage in the can and from the load cell sensor we get to know weight of garbage. Accordingly information is processed that is controller checks if the threshold level is exceeded or not. The controller sends a message with the help of GSM module to Garbage collection local central office to notify that garbage can is exceeded its capacity and disposal of waste is required. Accordingly the authority sends the garbage can collecting vehicle to collect the garbage, which is done with the help of robot mechanism.
Keywords: load cell, camera, images of garbage can, GSM module.
IRJET - Smart Gadget Bin for E-Waste ManagementIRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed smart gadget bin system for electronic waste (e-waste) management in Pune, India. The system uses an ultrasonic sensor attached to a smart bin with an Arduino board and GSM module. When the bin reaches 70% capacity, a notification is sent to a registered e-waste collector. This addresses issues with the existing system of manual dumping, which causes health hazards and an unclean environment. The proposed system aims to reduce fuel consumption and provide a clean, safe environment through automated monitoring and collection of e-waste.
IRJET- Smart Waste Segregator and Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a smart waste segregator and monitoring system that was developed. The system uses ultrasonic sensors placed over garbage bins to detect garbage levels and compare it to bin depths. An Arduino microcontroller, LCD screen, WiFi modem, and buzzer are used. The LCD screen displays bin levels and a web page shows status to users monitoring it. This system provides automatic waste segregation to reduce manual sorting efforts and notifies users when bins are full through an alert system. It was found to work as designed after implementation and testing. Future work includes large scale implementation and improving collection efficiency based on bin status.
Presentation on the EU funded DAIAD project at the International Water Association Efficient 2017 Conference, Bath. UK. Smart shower monitoring devices, behaviour change and wider implications for water efficiency.
Big Data in the Water Sector - Integrated Water Network Management - IWC's IT...David Kenny
This document discusses the challenges facing water utilities including increasing water consumption, aging infrastructure, and water loss. It presents smart water network solutions from TaKaDu that use big data analytics to detect leaks and other water network issues. TaKaDu's algorithms learn normal network behavior patterns to predict usage and detect anomalies, helping utilities reduce water loss and improve customer service. Real-life examples are given showing how TaKaDu detected leaks and pressure changes using historic and network predictions.
This document describes a smart dustbin system that uses ultrasonic sensors and a GSM module connected to an Arduino Uno microcontroller board. The ultrasonic sensor measures the garbage level in the dustbin and sends this information to the Arduino. When the dustbin becomes full, the Arduino instructs the GSM module to send an SMS alert with the dustbin ID to a predefined phone number. This alerts sanitation workers that the dustbin needs to be emptied. The system aims to help manage waste more efficiently and keep areas cleaner.
IRJET- RFID based Smart Dustbin for Smart CitiesIRJET Journal
This document describes an RFID-based smart dustbin system for waste management in smart cities. The system uses ultrasonic sensors to monitor waste levels in dustbins and RFID sensors to authenticate users and ensure dustbin security. Data from the sensors is sent to a web server via an IoT modem. When a dustbin becomes full based on ultrasonic readings, the web server notifies cleaning staff via a mobile app. This allows for automated monitoring of waste levels and scheduling of collection to improve waste management efficiency. Security is provided through RFID authentication of dustbin users. The system aims to address current issues with waste management like lack of monitoring and unsanitary practices.
IRJET- Waste Water Management for Smart Cities Implementation with Help of In...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed system for waste water management in smart cities using Internet of Things (IoT) and a PIC controller. It begins with an introduction describing the need for waste water treatment due to increasing urban populations. It then discusses the limitations of existing waste water treatment systems. The proposed system would use various sensors connected to a PIC controller to detect water conditions and send that information to the cloud via IoT. This would allow multiple users to access the water quality information through a web service or mobile application. The system aims to automate waste water treatment plants and help address water scarcity issues in smart cities.
This document proposes solutions for smart solid waste management in cities. It suggests replacing existing garbage bins with new Wi-Fi enabled sensor bins that can detect fill levels and send signals to collection vehicles. This would optimize collection routes and resources. Data from the smart bins could provide metrics like waste collected over time and bin maintenance needs. The document also discusses applying the 3R methodology of reduce, reuse and recycle to minimize waste. Other proposed solutions include converting waste to energy through waste-to-power plants, using plastic waste to construct roads, and generating biogas from organic waste.
The document discusses a project conducted by BioMachines to monitor various weather parameters in tree canopies in Singapore to study their effects on the successful application of biological agents used to protect and heal tree wounds. BioMachines installed remote weather stations in tree canopies to continuously monitor parameters like wind speed, direction, and more. This provided researchers access to high-resolution data through an online platform, shortening the research cycle compared to traditional manual data collection methods.
This document describes a flood detection system that uses IoT technology. An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect water levels and send the data to a Node MCU controller. The controller then sends real-time flood height information via SMS to local authorities and residents. The system aims to help motorists and residents avoid flooded areas. It divides flood levels into four categories. The sensor and controller are powered by solar panels to allow continuous monitoring. When implemented, this system could help reduce traffic and warn people faster during flood events.
This document describes a water level monitoring and flood alert system designed to monitor water levels, store that data in a database, and send SMS alerts before floods. The system uses sensors to measure water levels, sends that data to a centralized server via client systems like Raspberry Pi boards. The server stores the water level data in a database and can send SMS alerts to registered phone numbers if water levels rise above a critical threshold. The system was tested over 10 hours and successfully collected, stored, and transmitted water level data, and could send alerts within the needed time frame to warn of potential floods.
IRJET- Digital Water Management and Automatic Bill Generation SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a system for digital water management and automatic bill generation. The system collects water consumption data from sensors connected to a microcontroller. It then transmits this data over the internet to a server where it is stored and analyzed. The system allows for live monitoring of water usage and generates accurate bills for each flat. It also has features like leakage detection and open tap detection to promote water conservation. The system is designed to address issues with traditional water metering and billing like lack of live monitoring, limited number of sensors, and inability to detect issues or generate detailed bills.
TaKaDu presentation - CIWEM Smart Water Networks Seminar - 4 Dec 2014 - publicDavid Kenny
1. The document discusses monitoring water networks using smart technologies to improve efficiency and address water scarcity issues.
2. It outlines the paradigm shift from old approaches relying on basic monitoring and maintenance to new smarter paradigms using advanced technologies, integrated data sources, and near real-time monitoring to more effectively manage leaks, assets, and water loss.
3. The vision is that smart water networks using big data, cloud computing, and smart analytics can provide benefits like early burst detection and leak notification, improved prioritization and efficiency, and reduced water losses and customer complaints.
IRJET- Automation of Smart Waste Management using IoTIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an academic paper that proposes an automated smart waste management system using IoT. Key aspects of the system include:
- Using ultrasonic sensors and a moisture sensor connected to a microcontroller to sort waste as dry or wet and monitor fill levels of garbage bins.
- An ESP8266 WiFi module updates the status of bins on a mobile app in real-time.
- The system is intended to reduce human resources needed for waste collection while enabling more efficient monitoring as part of a smart city vision.
Simulation results showed the system correctly identifying bin fill levels and updating an app and database with the status of dry and wet bins at different fill levels.
This document summarizes a presentation about smart water networks. It discusses how smart water networks use information technology to optimize water utility management with minimum capital expenditures. Examples are provided of smart water network implementations in Belo Horizonte, Brazil and Qatar that have helped reduce non-revenue water and improve maintenance practices. The conclusions emphasize that smart water networks can improve both operational and business benefits by maximizing existing IT systems and integrating data from different platforms through a centralized GIS system.
IRJET- Smart Meter for Water Utilization using IoTIRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart water meter system using IoT technology to monitor household water consumption. The system uses a water flow sensor connected to a NodeMCU microcontroller to measure the flow rate and quantity of water used. The microcontroller sends this consumption data to the cloud where users can monitor their water usage. This allows charging households based on individual consumption rather than total usage, addressing issues with common meters. The proposed system aims to promote water conservation by providing visibility into water usage.
The Internet of Things (IoT) can be able to incorporate a large number of different end systems and it have the ability to transfer data over internet without human interaction. One of the main concerns with our environment has been solid waste management which in addition to disturbing the balance of the environment. it also has adverse effects on the health of the people in the society. The detection, monitoring and management of wastes is one of the primary problems. The traditional way of manually monitoring the wastes in garbage bins is the complex process and also it utilizes more human effort and time. This is an advanced method in waste management since it is automated. This IoT garbage monitoring system is a very innovative system which will help to prevent overflowing of wastes from the bin and keep cities clean. This system monitors the garbage bins and informs about the level of garbage collected in garbage bins. The data is transfer through internet to the control room.
Using Mobile Phones and PCs for Monitoring the Delivery of Water Services in ...IRC
By Joseph Abisa, Peter Magara, Peter Wakholi, Triple-S Uganda. Prepared for the Monitoring sustainable WASH service delivery symposium, 9-11 April 2013, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Smart garbage collection system in residential areaeSAT Journals
Abstract
As the name suggests we are developing an Automatic garbage collection and information gathering system which is based on Image processing as well as on GSM module. The main concept is that a Camera will be placed at every garbage collection point along with load cell sensor at bottom of the garbage can. The camera will take continuous snapshots of the garbage can. A threshold level is set which compares the output of camera and load sensor .The comparison is done with help of microcontroller. After analysing the image we get an idea about level of garbage in the can and from the load cell sensor we get to know weight of garbage. Accordingly information is processed that is controller checks if the threshold level is exceeded or not. The controller sends a message with the help of GSM module to Garbage collection local central office to notify that garbage can is exceeded its capacity and disposal of waste is required. Accordingly the authority sends the garbage can collecting vehicle to collect the garbage, which is done with the help of robot mechanism.
Keywords: load cell, camera, images of garbage can, GSM module.
IRJET - Smart Gadget Bin for E-Waste ManagementIRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed smart gadget bin system for electronic waste (e-waste) management in Pune, India. The system uses an ultrasonic sensor attached to a smart bin with an Arduino board and GSM module. When the bin reaches 70% capacity, a notification is sent to a registered e-waste collector. This addresses issues with the existing system of manual dumping, which causes health hazards and an unclean environment. The proposed system aims to reduce fuel consumption and provide a clean, safe environment through automated monitoring and collection of e-waste.
IRJET- Smart Waste Segregator and Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a smart waste segregator and monitoring system that was developed. The system uses ultrasonic sensors placed over garbage bins to detect garbage levels and compare it to bin depths. An Arduino microcontroller, LCD screen, WiFi modem, and buzzer are used. The LCD screen displays bin levels and a web page shows status to users monitoring it. This system provides automatic waste segregation to reduce manual sorting efforts and notifies users when bins are full through an alert system. It was found to work as designed after implementation and testing. Future work includes large scale implementation and improving collection efficiency based on bin status.
Presentation on the EU funded DAIAD project at the International Water Association Efficient 2017 Conference, Bath. UK. Smart shower monitoring devices, behaviour change and wider implications for water efficiency.
Big Data in the Water Sector - Integrated Water Network Management - IWC's IT...David Kenny
This document discusses the challenges facing water utilities including increasing water consumption, aging infrastructure, and water loss. It presents smart water network solutions from TaKaDu that use big data analytics to detect leaks and other water network issues. TaKaDu's algorithms learn normal network behavior patterns to predict usage and detect anomalies, helping utilities reduce water loss and improve customer service. Real-life examples are given showing how TaKaDu detected leaks and pressure changes using historic and network predictions.
This document describes a smart dustbin system that uses ultrasonic sensors and a GSM module connected to an Arduino Uno microcontroller board. The ultrasonic sensor measures the garbage level in the dustbin and sends this information to the Arduino. When the dustbin becomes full, the Arduino instructs the GSM module to send an SMS alert with the dustbin ID to a predefined phone number. This alerts sanitation workers that the dustbin needs to be emptied. The system aims to help manage waste more efficiently and keep areas cleaner.
IRJET- RFID based Smart Dustbin for Smart CitiesIRJET Journal
This document describes an RFID-based smart dustbin system for waste management in smart cities. The system uses ultrasonic sensors to monitor waste levels in dustbins and RFID sensors to authenticate users and ensure dustbin security. Data from the sensors is sent to a web server via an IoT modem. When a dustbin becomes full based on ultrasonic readings, the web server notifies cleaning staff via a mobile app. This allows for automated monitoring of waste levels and scheduling of collection to improve waste management efficiency. Security is provided through RFID authentication of dustbin users. The system aims to address current issues with waste management like lack of monitoring and unsanitary practices.
IRJET- Waste Water Management for Smart Cities Implementation with Help of In...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed system for waste water management in smart cities using Internet of Things (IoT) and a PIC controller. It begins with an introduction describing the need for waste water treatment due to increasing urban populations. It then discusses the limitations of existing waste water treatment systems. The proposed system would use various sensors connected to a PIC controller to detect water conditions and send that information to the cloud via IoT. This would allow multiple users to access the water quality information through a web service or mobile application. The system aims to automate waste water treatment plants and help address water scarcity issues in smart cities.
This document proposes solutions for smart solid waste management in cities. It suggests replacing existing garbage bins with new Wi-Fi enabled sensor bins that can detect fill levels and send signals to collection vehicles. This would optimize collection routes and resources. Data from the smart bins could provide metrics like waste collected over time and bin maintenance needs. The document also discusses applying the 3R methodology of reduce, reuse and recycle to minimize waste. Other proposed solutions include converting waste to energy through waste-to-power plants, using plastic waste to construct roads, and generating biogas from organic waste.
The document discusses a project conducted by BioMachines to monitor various weather parameters in tree canopies in Singapore to study their effects on the successful application of biological agents used to protect and heal tree wounds. BioMachines installed remote weather stations in tree canopies to continuously monitor parameters like wind speed, direction, and more. This provided researchers access to high-resolution data through an online platform, shortening the research cycle compared to traditional manual data collection methods.
This document describes a flood detection system that uses IoT technology. An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect water levels and send the data to a Node MCU controller. The controller then sends real-time flood height information via SMS to local authorities and residents. The system aims to help motorists and residents avoid flooded areas. It divides flood levels into four categories. The sensor and controller are powered by solar panels to allow continuous monitoring. When implemented, this system could help reduce traffic and warn people faster during flood events.
This document describes a water level monitoring and flood alert system designed to monitor water levels, store that data in a database, and send SMS alerts before floods. The system uses sensors to measure water levels, sends that data to a centralized server via client systems like Raspberry Pi boards. The server stores the water level data in a database and can send SMS alerts to registered phone numbers if water levels rise above a critical threshold. The system was tested over 10 hours and successfully collected, stored, and transmitted water level data, and could send alerts within the needed time frame to warn of potential floods.
IRJET- IoT based Water Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an Internet of Things (IoT) based water monitoring system that measures water quality parameters in real-time. The system uses sensors to detect turbidity, pH, water level, and flow. It sends this sensor data to stakeholders through a web portal and mobile apps. The system aims to efficiently monitor water resources and provide timely information to facilitate quick decision making and protect public health. It consists of an ARM controller, water quality sensors, and an IoT module. The results show the system can effectively monitor water quality in real-world environments like residential societies and help optimize water management.
IRJET- IoT-Enabled Underground Drainage Monitoring System using Water Flo...IRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-enabled underground drainage monitoring system using water flow sensors. The system monitors water flow in underground drainage pipes to detect blockages or leaks. It uses an Arduino, water flow sensors, and a GSM module. Water flow sensors attached to the drainage pipes measure the water flow rate. The Arduino collects these measurements and sends them via GSM to authorities. This allows authorities to quickly identify locations with drainage issues so they can address blockages or leaks. The system aims to automatically and remotely monitor underground drainage infrastructure in order to improve maintenance and prevent flooding or accumulation of hazardous gases.
The document describes a proposed advanced flood detection system based on sensor technology and machine learning algorithms. The system would use sensors to collect data on water levels and other environmental factors. This data would be processed using an Arduino and classified using a random forest machine learning algorithm to detect flooding. If flooding is detected based on threshold values, alerts would be sent to users through a cloud-based IoT platform to warn of the flood risk in real-time. The system is intended to provide low-cost flood monitoring and warnings.
IRJET- A Survey Paper on Dam ManagementIRJET Journal
This document discusses various approaches to dam management through the use of sensors and IoT technologies. It provides an overview of 16 research papers related to using sensors to monitor water levels, detect cracks and corrosion, control dam gates automatically, and provide early flood detection. The goal of the discussed research is to improve dam safety and water management by automating monitoring and control functions to minimize failures and optimize water distribution. IoT technologies allow data from sensors to be transmitted remotely for analysis and timely decision making by authorities. The surveyed approaches aim to enhance dam safety and efficiency through automated monitoring and control systems.
Realtime monitoring for groundwater level and local climate based on universa...CSITiaesprime
The groundwater level and weather patterns and climate conditions are several of the very significant factors which influence the quality of livelihood and the other activity of the tropical peatland environment. The current method of groundwater level and meteorological information aggregate build the use of certain expensive weather station devices, prominent to a lack of vast monitoring suitable to cost barriers and disturbance in some countries. In this research, we have developed and implemented a hardware module based on an Arduino microcontroller and mobile communication, which measures the groundwater level and meteorological data, including air temperature, air humidity, and soil temperature, and humidity, rainfall in peatland area. The data groundwater level is received by a specially developed application interface running on an internet of things (IoT) connected through a global mobile system (GSM) communication. In this work, our proposed system is a model system that can able to generate alerts based on the real-time groundwater level and data weather as potential peat fire in Indonesia. It provides online and data real-time monitoring. In this works, we have resulted in a system to monitor the groundwater level and data weather alert, condition mapping, and warn the people from its disastrous effects.
IMPLEMENTATION OF EARLY FLOOD DETECTION AND AVOIDANCE SYSTEM USING LORAIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed early flood detection and avoidance system using LoRa technology. The system would use various sensors to monitor factors like temperature, humidity, water level, and water flow. If the sensor values exceed thresholds, a warning message would be sent to authorities and residents via an IoT network. The system is intended to help provide early warnings of flooding to minimize damage and impacts. It was simulated using Proteus software and showed sensor values being displayed on an LCD screen and warnings being triggered based on the sensor readings. The goal is to create an affordable, real-time flood monitoring system to help address flooding as a natural disaster.
IRJET- Smart Water Meter Reading and DistributionIRJET Journal
This document discusses a proposed smart water meter system that uses various sensors and an ESP32 microcontroller to monitor water usage. The system aims to address issues with common water meters where households are charged more than their actual usage. It would include sensors to measure water flow rate, temperature, pH and detect obstacles in pipes. The sensor data would be sent via WiFi to a cloud-based Android app for real-time monitoring and analysis of each household's water consumption. This could help minimize wastage from leaks or inefficient usage.
Detection of Water Level, Quality and Leakage using Raspberry Pi with Interne...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system that uses sensors and a Raspberry Pi to monitor water quality, level, and pressure in real-time. pH and turbidity sensors measure water quality parameters. An ultrasonic sensor measures water level in a tank, and LEDs indicate the level. A force sensitive resistor sensor detects water pressure and potential leaks. The Raspberry Pi collects sensor readings, stores data in a database, and sends SMS alerts when thresholds are exceeded. It also hosts a website to view current readings. The system aims to efficiently monitor domestic water use and quality in an automated way using Internet of Things technologies.
This document describes a water quality monitoring system using sensors interfaced with an Arduino Nano on a remote-controlled boat. The sensors measure pH, turbidity, temperature and humidity of water samples in real-time. The data is transmitted via WiFi and displayed on an IoT platform. A mobile app allows remote navigation of the boat to collect data from different areas. The system determines water quality and provides recommendations on suitable aquatic flora and fauna based on the sensor readings. It provides a low-cost and automated method to continuously monitor water quality.
Water monitoring and analytic based ThingSpeak IJECEIAES
Diseases associated with bad water have largely reported cases annually leading to deaths, therefore the water quality monitoring become necessary to provide safe water. Traditional monitoring includes manual gathering of samples from different points on the distributed site, and then testing in laboratory. This procedure has proven that it is ineffective because it is laborious, lag time and lacks online results to enhance proactive response to water pollution. Emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) and step towards the smart life poses the successful using of IoT. This paper presents a water quality monitoring using IoT based ThingSpeak platform that provides analytic tools and visualization using MATLAB programming. The proposed model is used to test water samples using sensor fusion technique such as TDS and Turbidity, and then uploading data online to ThingSpeak platform to monitor and analyze. The system notifies authorities when there are water quality parameters out of a predefined set of normal values. A warning will be notified to user by IFTTT protocol.
IRJET - Advanced Flood Level Monitoring and Alerting SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an advanced flood level monitoring and alerting system. The system uses an ultrasonic sensor to monitor water levels and send alerts via SMS, buzzer, and LCD display when levels reach safety thresholds. It also uploads water level data to a webpage using IoT for remote monitoring. The system is designed to alert people to flooding and allow evacuation before flood waters reach dangerous levels, helping minimize damage and save lives. It provides real-time flood monitoring and early warning capabilities to communities.
Intelligent Water Leakage Controller using Raspberry PIijtsrd
In water supply network system, the major problem is water leakage. This system contains two sections, first part is leakage detection and automatically closes the solenoid valve to prevent the over leakage of water at the time it will send SMS to the corporation using GSM module which is according to sensor information. GPS location is used to detect where the leakage takes place. A prototype of suggested system was implemented and tested with various scenarios and the results are presented in this paper. Water source management is one of the key goal, so any country in the world of water requirement is increasing presently involving automation is such systems will reduce human errors and will increase the efficiency and thus decreasing the supply demand gap. R. Karthick | R. T Ajaykarthik | D. R. P Rajarathnam | M. Malarmohanraj | M. Prakash | S. Sivakumar "Intelligent Water Leakage Controller using Raspberry PI" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50280.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/50280/intelligent-water-leakage-controller-using-raspberry-pi/r-karthick
IOT Based Water Level Monitoring System For LakeIRJET Journal
The document describes an Internet of Things (IoT) based water level monitoring system for lakes. The system uses a Raspberry Pi controller connected to an ultrasonic water level sensor to monitor water levels. It sends water level data via GSM to users' phones and displays it on a web portal. This allows remote monitoring of available water levels in lakes, helping with efficient water management and allocation. The system aims to reduce water wastage through automated monitoring and control of water resources.
IoT Based Water Management and Supervision SystemKaushik Gupta
Final Year Project
IoT Based Water Management and Supervision System -2019
Certification: Thakur Polytechnic
More Details on https://www.kaushikgupta.in
Development in the technology of sensor such as Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), wireless communications, embedded systems, distributed processing and wireless sensor applications have contributed a large transformation in Wireless
Sensor Network (WSN) recently. It assists and improves work performance both in the field of industry and our daily life. Wireless Sensor Network has been widely used in many areas especially for surveillance and monitoring in agriculture and habitat monitoring. Environment monitoring has become an important field of control and protection, providing real-time system and control communication
with the physical world. An intelligent and smart Wireless Sensor Network system can gather and process a large amount of data from the beginning of the monitoring and manage air quality, the conditions of traffic, to weather situations.
This document proposes a smart early flood detection and awareness system using IoT and embedded technology. The system would involve deploying sensor nodes in flood-prone locations to monitor flood conditions in real-time and send alerts during emergencies. This could help save lives by giving people more time to prepare for predicted floods. The proposed system measures water levels using ultrasonic sensors, temperature using DHT11 sensors, and location using GPS. If flooding is detected, an alert message is sent via GSM with the geographical coordinates. Experimental results showed the system successfully sending flood alerts and coordinates to a mobile phone. Future work could involve adding more sensors for improved detection and implementing smartphone apps to alert the public.
This document reviews a proposed smart underground drainage water management system using wireless sensor networks and the Internet of Things. Key aspects of the system include:
1. Sensors would monitor parameters like water level, gas level, and manhole conditions in the drainage system.
2. The sensor data would be stored in the cloud and short messages about underground drainage conditions would be sent to the local municipality.
3. This system aims to detect blockages, locate them, and send alerts to clear blockages and prevent overflow or contamination of the water supply.
This document proposes a smart underground drainage blockage monitoring and detection system using IoT. It discusses how current manual drainage monitoring is inefficient and poses risks. The proposed system uses ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors connected to an Arduino board to remotely monitor water levels, detect blockages, and measure harmful gas levels in underground drainage lines. If sensor readings exceed thresholds, the system alerts authorities by SMS with the location of the issue so it can be addressed quickly. This smart system aims to improve drainage management and public safety in cities compared to traditional manual methods.
Similar to Design of Flood Warning System Based IoT and Water Characteristics (20)
Amazon products reviews classification based on machine learning, deep learni...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In recent times, the trend of online shopping through e-commerce stores and websites has grown to a huge extent. Whenever a product is purchased on an e-commerce platform, people leave their reviews about the product. These reviews are very helpful for the store owners and the product’s manufacturers for the betterment of their work process as well as product quality. An automated system is proposed in this work that operates on two datasets D1 and D2 obtained from Amazon. After certain preprocessing steps, N-gram and word embedding-based features are extracted using term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), bag of words (BoW) and global vectors (GloVe), and Word2vec, respectively. Four machine learning (ML) models support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression (RF), logistic regression (LR), multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), two deep learning (DL) models convolutional neural network (CNN), long-short term memory (LSTM), and standalone bidirectional encoder representations (BERT) are used to classify reviews as either positive or negative. The results obtained by the standard ML, DL models and BERT are evaluated using certain performance evaluation measures. BERT turns out to be the best-performing model in the case of D1 with an accuracy of 90% on features derived by word embedding models while the CNN provides the best accuracy of 97% upon word embedding features in the case of D2. The proposed model shows better overall performance on D2 as compared to D1.
Design, simulation, and analysis of microstrip patch antenna for wireless app...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this study, a microstrip patch antenna that works at 3.6 GHz was built and tested to see how well it works. In this work, Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 has been used as the substrate material, with a dielectric permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.3451 mm; it serves as the base for the examined antenna. The computer simulation technology (CST) studio suite is utilized to show the recommended antenna design. The goal of this study was to get a more extensive transmission capacity, a lower voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and a lower return loss, but the main goal was to get a higher gain, directivity, and efficiency. After simulation, the return loss, gain, directivity, bandwidth, and efficiency of the supplied antenna are found to be -17.626 dB, 9.671 dBi, 9.924 dBi, 0.2 GHz, and 97.45%, respectively. Besides, the recreation uncovered that the transfer speed side-lobe level at phi was much better than those of the earlier works, at -28.8 dB, respectively. Thus, it makes a solid contender for remote innovation and more robust communication.
Design and simulation an optimal enhanced PI controller for congestion avoida...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document describes using a snake optimization algorithm to tune the gains of an enhanced proportional-integral controller for congestion avoidance in a TCP/AQM system. The controller aims to maintain a stable and desired queue size without noise or transmission problems. A linearized model of the TCP/AQM system is presented. An enhanced PI controller combining nonlinear gain and original PI gains is proposed. The snake optimization algorithm is then used to tune the parameters of the enhanced PI controller to achieve optimal system performance and response. Simulation results are discussed showing the proposed controller provides a stable and robust behavior for congestion control.
Improving the detection of intrusion in vehicular ad-hoc networks with modifi...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are wireless-equipped vehicles that form networks along the road. The security of this network has been a major challenge. The identity-based cryptosystem (IBC) previously used to secure the networks suffers from membership authentication security features. This paper focuses on improving the detection of intruders in VANETs with a modified identity-based cryptosystem (MIBC). The MIBC is developed using a non-singular elliptic curve with Lagrange interpolation. The public key of vehicles and roadside units on the network are derived from number plates and location identification numbers, respectively. Pseudo-identities are used to mask the real identity of users to preserve their privacy. The membership authentication mechanism ensures that only valid and authenticated members of the network are allowed to join the network. The performance of the MIBC is evaluated using intrusion detection ratio (IDR) and computation time (CT) and then validated with the existing IBC. The result obtained shows that the MIBC recorded an IDR of 99.3% against 94.3% obtained for the existing identity-based cryptosystem (EIBC) for 140 unregistered vehicles attempting to intrude on the network. The MIBC shows lower CT values of 1.17 ms against 1.70 ms for EIBC. The MIBC can be used to improve the security of VANETs.
Conceptual model of internet banking adoption with perceived risk and trust f...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Understanding the primary factors of internet banking (IB) acceptance is critical for both banks and users; nevertheless, our knowledge of the role of users’ perceived risk and trust in IB adoption is limited. As a result, we develop a conceptual model by incorporating perceived risk and trust into the technology acceptance model (TAM) theory toward the IB. The proper research emphasized that the most essential component in explaining IB adoption behavior is behavioral intention to use IB adoption. TAM is helpful for figuring out how elements that affect IB adoption are connected to one another. According to previous literature on IB and the use of such technology in Iraq, one has to choose a theoretical foundation that may justify the acceptance of IB from the customer’s perspective. The conceptual model was therefore constructed using the TAM as a foundation. Furthermore, perceived risk and trust were added to the TAM dimensions as external factors. The key objective of this work was to extend the TAM to construct a conceptual model for IB adoption and to get sufficient theoretical support from the existing literature for the essential elements and their relationships in order to unearth new insights about factors responsible for IB adoption.
Efficient combined fuzzy logic and LMS algorithm for smart antennaTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The smart antennas are broadly used in wireless communication. The least mean square (LMS) algorithm is a procedure that is concerned in controlling the smart antenna pattern to accommodate specified requirements such as steering the beam toward the desired signal, in addition to placing the deep nulls in the direction of unwanted signals. The conventional LMS (C-LMS) has some drawbacks like slow convergence speed besides high steady state fluctuation error. To overcome these shortcomings, the present paper adopts an adaptive fuzzy control step size least mean square (FC-LMS) algorithm to adjust its step size. Computer simulation outcomes illustrate that the given model has fast convergence rate as well as low mean square error steady state.
Design and implementation of a LoRa-based system for warning of forest fireTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents the design and implementation of a forest fire monitoring and warning system based on long range (LoRa) technology, a novel ultra-low power consumption and long-range wireless communication technology for remote sensing applications. The proposed system includes a wireless sensor network that records environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, wind speed, and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the air, as well as taking infrared photos.The data collected at each sensor node will be transmitted to the gateway via LoRa wireless transmission. Data will be collected, processed, and uploaded to a cloud database at the gateway. An Android smartphone application that allows anyone to easily view the recorded data has been developed. When a fire is detected, the system will sound a siren and send a warning message to the responsible personnel, instructing them to take appropriate action. Experiments in Tram Chim Park, Vietnam, have been conducted to verify and evaluate the operation of the system.
Wavelet-based sensing technique in cognitive radio networkTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Cognitive radio is a smart radio that can change its transmitter parameter based on interaction with the environment in which it operates. The demand for frequency spectrum is growing due to a big data issue as many Internet of Things (IoT) devices are in the network. Based on previous research, most frequency spectrum was used, but some spectrums were not used, called spectrum hole. Energy detection is one of the spectrum sensing methods that has been frequently used since it is easy to use and does not require license users to have any prior signal understanding. But this technique is incapable of detecting at low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. Therefore, the wavelet-based sensing is proposed to overcome this issue and detect spectrum holes. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the performance of wavelet-based sensing and compare it with the energy detection technique. The findings show that the percentage of detection in wavelet-based sensing is 83% higher than energy detection performance. This result indicates that the wavelet-based sensing has higher precision in detection and the interference towards primary user can be decreased.
A novel compact dual-band bandstop filter with enhanced rejection bandsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this paper, we present the design of a new wide dual-band bandstop filter (DBBSF) using nonuniform transmission lines. The method used to design this filter is to replace conventional uniform transmission lines with nonuniform lines governed by a truncated Fourier series. Based on how impedances are profiled in the proposed DBBSF structure, the fractional bandwidths of the two 10 dB-down rejection bands are widened to 39.72% and 52.63%, respectively, and the physical size has been reduced compared to that of the filter with the uniform transmission lines. The results of the electromagnetic (EM) simulation support the obtained analytical response and show an improved frequency behavior.
Deep learning approach to DDoS attack with imbalanced data at the application...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack is where one or more computers attack or target a server computer, by flooding internet traffic to the server. As a result, the server cannot be accessed by legitimate users. A result of this attack causes enormous losses for a company because it can reduce the level of user trust, and reduce the company’s reputation to lose customers due to downtime. One of the services at the application layer that can be accessed by users is a web-based lightweight directory access protocol (LDAP) service that can provide safe and easy services to access directory applications. We used a deep learning approach to detect DDoS attacks on the CICDDoS 2019 dataset on a complex computer network at the application layer to get fast and accurate results for dealing with unbalanced data. Based on the results obtained, it is observed that DDoS attack detection using a deep learning approach on imbalanced data performs better when implemented using synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) method for binary classes. On the other hand, the proposed deep learning approach performs better for detecting DDoS attacks in multiclass when implemented using the adaptive synthetic (ADASYN) method.
The appearance of uncertainties and disturbances often effects the characteristics of either linear or nonlinear systems. Plus, the stabilization process may be deteriorated thus incurring a catastrophic effect to the system performance. As such, this manuscript addresses the concept of matching condition for the systems that are suffering from miss-match uncertainties and exogeneous disturbances. The perturbation towards the system at hand is assumed to be known and unbounded. To reach this outcome, uncertainties and their classifications are reviewed thoroughly. The structural matching condition is proposed and tabulated in the proposition 1. Two types of mathematical expressions are presented to distinguish the system with matched uncertainty and the system with miss-matched uncertainty. Lastly, two-dimensional numerical expressions are provided to practice the proposed proposition. The outcome shows that matching condition has the ability to change the system to a design-friendly model for asymptotic stabilization.
Implementation of FinFET technology based low power 4×4 Wallace tree multipli...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Many systems, including digital signal processors, finite impulse response (FIR) filters, application-specific integrated circuits, and microprocessors, use multipliers. The demand for low power multipliers is gradually rising day by day in the current technological trend. In this study, we describe a 4×4 Wallace multiplier based on a carry select adder (CSA) that uses less power and has a better power delay product than existing multipliers. HSPICE tool at 16 nm technology is used to simulate the results. In comparison to the traditional CSA-based multiplier, which has a power consumption of 1.7 µW and power delay product (PDP) of 57.3 fJ, the results demonstrate that the Wallace multiplier design employing CSA with first zero finding logic (FZF) logic has the lowest power consumption of 1.4 µW and PDP of 27.5 fJ.
Evaluation of the weighted-overlap add model with massive MIMO in a 5G systemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The flaw in 5G orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) becomes apparent in high-speed situations. Because the doppler effect causes frequency shifts, the orthogonality of OFDM subcarriers is broken, lowering both their bit error rate (BER) and throughput output. As part of this research, we use a novel design that combines massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) and weighted overlap and add (WOLA) to improve the performance of 5G systems. To determine which design is superior, throughput and BER are calculated for both the proposed design and OFDM. The results of the improved system show a massive improvement in performance ver the conventional system and significant improvements with massive MIMO, including the best throughput and BER. When compared to conventional systems, the improved system has a throughput that is around 22% higher and the best performance in terms of BER, but it still has around 25% less error than OFDM.
Reflector antenna design in different frequencies using frequency selective s...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this study, it is aimed to obtain two different asymmetric radiation patterns obtained from antennas in the shape of the cross-section of a parabolic reflector (fan blade type antennas) and antennas with cosecant-square radiation characteristics at two different frequencies from a single antenna. For this purpose, firstly, a fan blade type antenna design will be made, and then the reflective surface of this antenna will be completed to the shape of the reflective surface of the antenna with the cosecant-square radiation characteristic with the frequency selective surface designed to provide the characteristics suitable for the purpose. The frequency selective surface designed and it provides the perfect transmission as possible at 4 GHz operating frequency, while it will act as a band-quenching filter for electromagnetic waves at 5 GHz operating frequency and will be a reflective surface. Thanks to this frequency selective surface to be used as a reflective surface in the antenna, a fan blade type radiation characteristic at 4 GHz operating frequency will be obtained, while a cosecant-square radiation characteristic at 5 GHz operating frequency will be obtained.
Reagentless iron detection in water based on unclad fiber optical sensorTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A simple and low-cost fiber based optical sensor for iron detection is demonstrated in this paper. The sensor head consist of an unclad optical fiber with the unclad length of 1 cm and it has a straight structure. Results obtained shows a linear relationship between the output light intensity and iron concentration, illustrating the functionality of this iron optical sensor. Based on the experimental results, the sensitivity and linearity are achieved at 0.0328/ppm and 0.9824 respectively at the wavelength of 690 nm. With the same wavelength, other performance parameters are also studied. Resolution and limit of detection (LOD) are found to be 0.3049 ppm and 0.0755 ppm correspondingly. This iron sensor is advantageous in that it does not require any reagent for detection, enabling it to be simpler and cost-effective in the implementation of the iron sensing.
Impact of CuS counter electrode calcination temperature on quantum dot sensit...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In place of the commercial Pt electrode used in quantum sensitized solar cells, the low-cost CuS cathode is created using electrophoresis. High resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the structure and morphology of structural cubic samples with diameters ranging from 40 nm to 200 nm. The conversion efficiency of solar cells is significantly impacted by the calcination temperatures of cathodes at 100 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C under vacuum. The fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)/CuS cathode electrode reached a maximum efficiency of 3.89% when it was calcined at 120 °C. Compared to other temperature combinations, CuS nanoparticles crystallize at 120 °C, which lowers resistance while increasing electron lifetime.
In place of the commercial Pt electrode used in quantum sensitized solar cells, the low-cost CuS cathode is created using electrophoresis. High resolution scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the structure and morphology of structural cubic samples with diameters ranging from 40 nm to 200 nm. The conversion efficiency of solar cells is significantly impacted by the calcination temperatures of cathodes at 100 °C, 120 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C under vacuum. The fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)/CuS cathode electrode reached a maximum efficiency of 3.89% when it was calcined at 120 °C. Compared to other temperature combinations, CuS nanoparticles crystallize at 120 °C, which lowers resistance while increasing electron lifetime.
A progressive learning for structural tolerance online sequential extreme lea...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This article discusses the progressive learning for structural tolerance online sequential extreme learning machine (PSTOS-ELM). PSTOS-ELM can save robust accuracy while updating the new data and the new class data on the online training situation. The robustness accuracy arises from using the householder block exact QR decomposition recursive least squares (HBQRD-RLS) of the PSTOS-ELM. This method is suitable for applications that have data streaming and often have new class data. Our experiment compares the PSTOS-ELM accuracy and accuracy robustness while data is updating with the batch-extreme learning machine (ELM) and structural tolerance online sequential extreme learning machine (STOS-ELM) that both must retrain the data in a new class data case. The experimental results show that PSTOS-ELM has accuracy and robustness comparable to ELM and STOS-ELM while also can update new class data immediately.
Electroencephalography-based brain-computer interface using neural networksTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This study aimed to develop a brain-computer interface that can control an electric wheelchair using electroencephalography (EEG) signals. First, we used the Mind Wave Mobile 2 device to capture raw EEG signals from the surface of the scalp. The signals were transformed into the frequency domain using fast Fourier transform (FFT) and filtered to monitor changes in attention and relaxation. Next, we performed time and frequency domain analyses to identify features for five eye gestures: opened, closed, blink per second, double blink, and lookup. The base state was the opened-eyes gesture, and we compared the features of the remaining four action gestures to the base state to identify potential gestures. We then built a multilayer neural network to classify these features into five signals that control the wheelchair’s movement. Finally, we designed an experimental wheelchair system to test the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The results demonstrate that the EEG classification was highly accurate and computationally efficient. Moreover, the average performance of the brain-controlled wheelchair system was over 75% across different individuals, which suggests the feasibility of this approach.
Adaptive segmentation algorithm based on level set model in medical imagingTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
For image segmentation, level set models are frequently employed. It offer best solution to overcome the main limitations of deformable parametric models. However, the challenge when applying those models in medical images stills deal with removing blurs in image edges which directly affects the edge indicator function, leads to not adaptively segmenting images and causes a wrong analysis of pathologies wich prevents to conclude a correct diagnosis. To overcome such issues, an effective process is suggested by simultaneously modelling and solving systems’ two-dimensional partial differential equations (PDE). The first PDE equation allows restoration using Euler’s equation similar to an anisotropic smoothing based on a regularized Perona and Malik filter that eliminates noise while preserving edge information in accordance with detected contours in the second equation that segments the image based on the first equation solutions. This approach allows developing a new algorithm which overcome the studied model drawbacks. Results of the proposed method give clear segments that can be applied to any application. Experiments on many medical images in particular blurry images with high information losses, demonstrate that the developed approach produces superior segmentation results in terms of quantity and quality compared to other models already presented in previeous works.
Automatic channel selection using shuffled frog leaping algorithm for EEG bas...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Drug addiction is a complex neurobiological disorder that necessitates comprehensive treatment of both the body and mind. It is categorized as a brain disorder due to its impact on the brain. Various methods such as electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI), and magnetoencephalography (MEG) can capture brain activities and structures. EEG signals provide valuable insights into neurological disorders, including drug addiction. Accurate classification of drug addiction from EEG signals relies on appropriate features and channel selection. Choosing the right EEG channels is essential to reduce computational costs and mitigate the risk of overfitting associated with using all available channels. To address the challenge of optimal channel selection in addiction detection from EEG signals, this work employs the shuffled frog leaping algorithm (SFLA). SFLA facilitates the selection of appropriate channels, leading to improved accuracy. Wavelet features extracted from the selected input channel signals are then analyzed using various machine learning classifiers to detect addiction. Experimental results indicate that after selecting features from the appropriate channels, classification accuracy significantly increased across all classifiers. Particularly, the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) classifier combined with SFLA demonstrated a remarkable accuracy improvement of 15.78% while reducing time complexity.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
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developed, however, and are less equipped to deal with the aftereffects of these disasters. Their
research focused on management of early warning system of river flooding but they did not
explain detail mechanism of early warning system.
Figure 1. Natural Disaster in Indonesia [2]
There is some mechanism for detecting flooding. In the “Flash Flood Detection in Urban
Cities Using Ultrasonic and Infrared Sensors”, the flooding detection was using ultrasonic and
infrared sensors [4]. This research presented to contribute to the literature of flash flood sensing
using a custom-designed sensor comprising an ultrasonic rangefinder and multiple passive
infrared temperature sensors. Flood monitoring and detection also done by using wireless
sensor network [5], this research design flood monitoring and detection system using water
level, amount of rainfall, relative humidity and temperature as monitored variables for flood
detection. The relative humidity and temperature values are used to monitor the rate of rainfall.
The amount of rainfall values are used to predict the water level. The water level will determine
the extent of the flood as low, medium or high. This will enhance early flood detection. The flood
status is sent directly to the occupants of the flood prone region directly from the surveillance
Centre. But in the both of detection system the data was sent without internet network and
smartphone application on end user. It made covering area and user mobility was limited.
The flood monitoring research which use IoT (Internet of Thing) also done on An
“Internet of Thing” Vision of the Flood Monitoring Problem [6]. This research makes a study of
literature the opportunity to make flood detection by using IoT through rain gauging and river
gauging. They also presented the gauge shielding architecture and software requirement for IoT
implementation. Therefore this research need to improve with next step study on simulated and
real time scenarios, and an implementation of the software behavior IoT platforms.
Mahendra Salunke and Nilesh Korade on “Survey on Flooding Detection System using
Internet of Things” also make a flooding detection research [7]. Their research described the
literature survey the application of Internet of Things in urban management flooding prevention
management system. The architecture of flooding detection system divided in to three
dimension, calculation of drainage flow, rainfall, and water level, second sending collected
flooding information to data center for analysis and monitoring and alerting mechanism. This
research also analysis the sensor components needed, the ultrasonic flow meter used for
measures the velocity of a fluid with ultrasound to calculate volume flow, water level indicator
sensor used for determine water level from ground, rain sensor to detect the velocity of rainfall.
In flooding detection system there are two main important factors, precision of flooding
detection and speed of information handling. The precision of flooding detection is important
because this factor to make sure that information of flooding is true and it can be referent for
people to follow up the information for advance actions. To minimize of flooding effect of
disaster the rapid of early warning for flooding disaster to give the people time for save their
property and life is very important. That why in our research we are focused on the accuracy of
information and speed of information can reach on wide area. The characteristic of water on
dam can be referent to make a decision that flooding is occurring on dam. Water characteristic
is a condition where changes in water level and water velocity on the dam really make sure that
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floods will occur instead of pseudo or temporary changes. Our research also use internet to
send flooding information quickly and reach wide area. That is different with another research
which only use water level to detect flooding without combine with another sensor to make sure
the data is accurate and send quickly by using internet.
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Preparation of microcontroller
The ESP-8266 is a microcontroller which it is in the beginning build by developers’
Chinese origin “Espressif”. This microcontroller become a new interesting tool in IoT because
have good ability to connect to internet. The ESP-8266 also have onboard wifi module as shown
in Figure 2, cheap and SoC (System on Chip) so it can be programmed without any additional
microcontroller. In this research ESP-8266 connected directly to the water level sensor and
water velocity sensor. IoT (Internet of Things) connects all goods with internet. There are many
application of IoT and today become a big thing in the world. IoT is not only a network also a
system which connects all living articels with internet to form a larger network [8,9].
Figure 2. ESP-8266 Block Diagram
2.2. Preparation of sensor
The sensor of water level used to detect characteristic of water on dam. The water
characteristic is a water condition on the dam which it is indicating that flooding has occurred.
The water characteristic also want to check that the changing of water is only a temporary
change that does not result in flooding. This characteristic very important to make sure that our
flooding prediction is a precise prediction. To know water characteristic we use multiple sensors
to detect water level on dam.
2.2.1. Ultrasonic sensor
Ultrasonic sensor in this research used to detect water level condition. This sensor
works by emitting ultrasonic waves and receive the signal reflected by an object. Delay time
between transmitted and received ultrasonic wave can be analyzed to know the distance
between sensors with object. Ultrasonic working theory [10] as shown in Figure 3.
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Figure 3. Ultrasonic working theory [10]
This sensor transmit ultrasonic wave for 200 μs and then detect the reflection wave.
Ultrasonic wave spread in the air with the velocity about 344 m/s (sound wave velocity), touch
the object and reflected back to the sensor. That mechanism is used ultrasonic to measure the
distance as below [11]:
S=(tIN x V) ÷ 2 (1)
where,
S= the distance between ultrasonic with object detected
V= sound wave velocity
tIN= time deviation wave transmit and receive
To measure water level on dam through reduce the height of the sensor with the height of
calculating the distance of the sensor to the object (water). Reading Water Level (WS) as shown
in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Reading Water Level (WS)
WS = HS - S (2)
where,
S=the distance between ultrasonic with object detected
HS=Sensor High
WS=Water High (water level)
2.2.2. Water velocity sensor
In the flood monitoring system, the water velocity monitoring is also important to monitor
and inform because it will affect to the dam capacity. There is any sensor mechanism of liquid
flow and Hall Effect sensor is one of liquid flow sensor type. Hall Effect sensor is a transducer
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that varies its output voltage in response to a magnetic field. This sensor is the production of a
voltage difference across an electrical conductor, transverse to an electric current in the
conductor and a magnetic field perpendicular to the current. Water flow sensor, arduino and
sircuit diagram [12] as shown in Figure 5.
Figure 5. Water flow sensor, arduino and sircuit diagram [12]
This sensor consists of several parts of plastic valve, water rotor and hall effect sensor.
When water flows through the rotor, the rotor will rotate. The speed rotation of the rotor depends
on water flow on the valve. The hall effect sensor will produce pulse similar to the quantity of
water flow. To find out of the water flow volume (liter) can be calculated as below
( ) (3)
2.2.3. ESP8266 and sensor circuit
To monitor water characteristic, it is important to make sure the circuit between
ESP8266 with sensors is correct. Each sensor in this research use power which it is integrated
with ESP8266 on 3.3 Volt DC. First ultrasonic sensor connected to ESP8266 pin no D6
(GPIO12) and D7 (GPIO13) for the input output, second ultrasonic sensor connected to the pin
D1 (GPIO5) and D2 (GPIO4). While the water velocity sensor connected to pin D3 (GPIO0).
That all of circuit can be found as Figure 6.
Figure 6. Circuit of ESP8266 to the sensors
ESP8266
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2.3. Preparation of dam prototype
This research use prototype of dam to make any scenario of experiment and the
scenario is made to presenting of water characteristic as same as on real dam condition. The
prototype of dam is built from acrylic and added with sensors as Figure 7. The sensors in the
dam are used to inform the characteristic of water, two sensors ultrasonic and one velocity of
water. First sensor ultrasonic on the downstream river prototype with high of sensor is 8 cm
from bottom, and second ultrasonic sensor on the dam with high of sensor is 10 cm.
Figure 7. Dam prototype with sensors
3. Software Programing
There are three software programing in this paper, first programing in the ESP8226,
second on the web server and third on the android application. But to read water characteristic
software programing on ESP8266 is very important because it can receive data through this
programming. Programing for water level and water velocity as shown in Figure 8.
Figure 8. Programing for water level and water velocity
4. Experiment Sensors
In this research we will make experiment with any scenarios, these all scenarios is
make to represent real condition in dam during flooding.
a. First experiment, all of gate on the normal flow and the condition of the water level is
stable.
b. The second scenario is the water characteristic at the high dam by closing the dam gate
and downstream of the prototype under normal conditions. The purpose of the second
experiment is to show that if the water level characteristics of the dam are high then it is not
certain there has been a flood.
Ultrasonic 1
Ultrasonic 2
Water velocity
sensor
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c. Third scenario is water characteristic on downstream is high but low on the dam. The
purpose of this scenario is to check that the flooding is not only influence by water
characteristic on downstream.
d. The last scenario is the water characteristic on dam and downstream are high condition
and we want to know that flooding occur is related with water characteristic on dam and
downstream. Rule of characteristic water result as shown in Figure 9.
Figure 9. Rule of Characteristic Water Result
Figure 10 show that sensor can detect the characteristic of water on dam and
downstream river. In this system is not only detect the characteristic of water but it is also make
a decision about status of flooding. The Level status of flooding is divided in the four level,
secure, standby, alert and danger. Level secure is a condition of no flooding and safe for people
in the location. Second level is standby, this level is representative that the status of water
characteristic still in safe condition but in standby position. Alert level is a condition that people
should take attention that water is not safe anymore and have to prepare for any aspect from
flooding. The last level is danger, this level is the top level of water condition and need
evacuation from flooding location.
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Figure 10. Graphic of Water Characteristic
5. Web services and Notification
This research also added with location or map of dam, so that by using this system can
monitor more than one dam. The monitoring system on dams will useful for make sure flooding
mapping in the city. By using internet the real time monitoring and monitoring for any dams can
inform to the people about flooding fastest and accurate. Web monitoring of water condition as
shown in Figure 11.
Figure 11. Web Monitoring of Water Condition
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The notification of dam status sends in real time to the web service and flooding early warning
application. In the our early warning application also can monitor the status on graphics and
give alert sound if there is alert or danger dam status. By using this application people will get
information about dam in real time. Flow of notification and flooding alert application and
application and status level notification as shown in Figure 12 and Figure 13.
Figure 12. Flow of Notification and Flooding Alert Application
Figure 13. Application and Status Level Notification
6. Conclusion
Flooding warning system based on Internet of Thing is very interesting one, because by
using this technology we can prevent many loss of property or life. This research has
represented an effective system detection of flooding with smart phone application and internet
to speed up flooding information to the people. This research also prove that water
characteristic can be came an important parameter for flooding warning information. Although
the quantity of sensor will be influence to the accuration of detection. In the next research the
quantity of sensor need to be added to get more accurate data of flooding.
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