This document describes a water level monitoring and flood alert system designed to monitor water levels, store that data in a database, and send SMS alerts before floods. The system uses sensors to measure water levels, sends that data to a centralized server via client systems like Raspberry Pi boards. The server stores the water level data in a database and can send SMS alerts to registered phone numbers if water levels rise above a critical threshold. The system was tested over 10 hours and successfully collected, stored, and transmitted water level data, and could send alerts within the needed time frame to warn of potential floods.
Agricultural research has strengthened the optimized
economical profit, internationally and is very vast and
important field to gain more benefits.
In future agriculture is the only scope for all the people. But
today number of people having land, but they don’t know how
to yield the crops.
So many of people are doing useless agriculture by
cultivating the crop on improper soil. To implement the
application to identify the types of soil,water source of that
land whether that land is based on rain or bore water. And
suggest what of crop is suitable for that soil. So through this
application provide application for the people to know about
the agriculture. There is no any application to know about the
cultivation. However, it can be enhanced by the use of different
technological resources, tool, and procedures. Predict the type
of crop which one is suitable for that particular soil, weather
condition, temperature and so on. So for, using machine
learning with the set of data set are identified the crop for the
corresponding soil.
This document describes a flood detection system that uses IoT technology. An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect water levels and send the data to a Node MCU controller. The controller then sends real-time flood height information via SMS to local authorities and residents. The system aims to help motorists and residents avoid flooded areas. It divides flood levels into four categories. The sensor and controller are powered by solar panels to allow continuous monitoring. When implemented, this system could help reduce traffic and warn people faster during flood events.
Despite the perception people may have regarding the agricultural process, the reality is that today’s agriculture
industry is data-centered, precise, and smarter than ever. The rapid emergence of the Internet-of-Things (IoT)
based technologies redesigned almost every industry including ‘‘smart agriculture’’ which moved the industry
from statistical to quantitative approaches. Such revolutionary changes are shaking the existing agriculture
methods and creating new opportunities along a range of challenges. This article highlights the potential of
wireless sensors and IoT in agriculture, as well as the challenges expected to be faced when integrating this
technology with the traditional farming practices. IoT devices and communication techniques associated with
wireless sensors encountered in agriculture applications are analyzed in detail. What sensors are available for
specific agriculture application, like soil preparation, crop status, irrigation, insect and pest detection are
listed.For the sake of obtaining the interest data, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used to collect the
interest data in the farm field and send the obtained data to the servers via wireless communication. Since the
WSNs usually operate in the unlicensed spectrum ,the available resource elements (REs) are scarce especially
when a large number of sensor nodes are deployed in the farm field.
Wildlife entering in to populated areas has
recently become very Popular. The space for wild
animals is decreasing as humans are encroaching
forests. It creates great loss to property and life
when wild animals enter in to cities. We use latest
advances in technology such as Internet of Things
(IoT) to create an alert system of possible wildlife
leaving the forest and also the message will send to
the users Mobile to alert them. We use low cost
motion detectors and Passive Infrared sensors to
achieve this. We relay information of such motion
to a control centre to take further actions. We also
include making loud noise through speakers in
which the animals cannot enter in to land. The
basic idea of IoT is to connect different sensors
and establish communication and also provide
services. In this article, we make use of several IoT
devices at the periphery of natural reserve to
create an alert system. This system can also be
used to find out smugglers and other people
illegally entering in to the forest.
Io t based water level monitoring system of dams insangamesh kumbar
IoT-BASED WATER LEVEL MONITORING SYSTEM OF DAMS IN KARNATAKA,This project proposes a wireless solution, based on Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) network for the monitoring and controlling of the dams water level parameter.
The equipment uses an ultrasonic sensor device to accurately measure and determine the waters in real time.
The standalone Water Level Monitoring System is equipped with solar panel and makes use of an ultrasonic sensor to measure the rate of change of water level using the principle similar to radar and sonar.
The sensor calculates the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the water level.
The information collected is then transmitted to a central server at a predefined interval, via SMS.
IRJET- IoT-Enabled Underground Drainage Monitoring System using Water Flo...IRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-enabled underground drainage monitoring system using water flow sensors. The system monitors water flow in underground drainage pipes to detect blockages or leaks. It uses an Arduino, water flow sensors, and a GSM module. Water flow sensors attached to the drainage pipes measure the water flow rate. The Arduino collects these measurements and sends them via GSM to authorities. This allows authorities to quickly identify locations with drainage issues so they can address blockages or leaks. The system aims to automatically and remotely monitor underground drainage infrastructure in order to improve maintenance and prevent flooding or accumulation of hazardous gases.
IoT Based Water Level Monitoring System with an Android Applicationrahulmonikasharma
1. This document describes an IoT based water level monitoring system with an Android application. It uses an Arduino board, ultrasonic sensor, and ESP8266 WiFi module to monitor and control water levels in a tank remotely via an Android app.
2. Water level is measured by an ultrasonic sensor connected to an Arduino and the reading is sent via ESP8266 module to an Android app over WiFi. The app displays water level and allows manual control of a motor pump.
3. The system automatically turns the motor on or off to fill or empty the tank based on maximum and minimum water level thresholds set in the Arduino code. This provides a low-cost smart water management solution.
REMOTE SENSING AND CONTROL FOR ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING DIGITAL IRRIGATIONijait
The remotely sensed data from an unknown location is transmitted in real time through internet and gathered in a PC. The data is collected for a considerable period of time and analyzed in PC as to assess the suitability and fertility of the land for establishing an electronic plantation in that area. The analysis also helps deciding the plantation of appropriate plants in the location identified. The system performing this task with appropriate transducers installed in remote area, the methodologies involved in transmission and data gathering are reported.. The second part of the project deals with data gathering from remote site and issuing control signals to remote appliances in the site; all performed through internet. Therefore,
this control scheme is a duplex system monitoring the irrigation activities by collecting data in one direction and issuing commands on the opposite direction. This scheme maintains the digital irrigation systems effectively and efficiently as to utilize the resources optimally for yielding enhanced production.
The methodologies involved in extending the two way communication of data are presented.
Agricultural research has strengthened the optimized
economical profit, internationally and is very vast and
important field to gain more benefits.
In future agriculture is the only scope for all the people. But
today number of people having land, but they don’t know how
to yield the crops.
So many of people are doing useless agriculture by
cultivating the crop on improper soil. To implement the
application to identify the types of soil,water source of that
land whether that land is based on rain or bore water. And
suggest what of crop is suitable for that soil. So through this
application provide application for the people to know about
the agriculture. There is no any application to know about the
cultivation. However, it can be enhanced by the use of different
technological resources, tool, and procedures. Predict the type
of crop which one is suitable for that particular soil, weather
condition, temperature and so on. So for, using machine
learning with the set of data set are identified the crop for the
corresponding soil.
This document describes a flood detection system that uses IoT technology. An ultrasonic sensor is used to detect water levels and send the data to a Node MCU controller. The controller then sends real-time flood height information via SMS to local authorities and residents. The system aims to help motorists and residents avoid flooded areas. It divides flood levels into four categories. The sensor and controller are powered by solar panels to allow continuous monitoring. When implemented, this system could help reduce traffic and warn people faster during flood events.
Despite the perception people may have regarding the agricultural process, the reality is that today’s agriculture
industry is data-centered, precise, and smarter than ever. The rapid emergence of the Internet-of-Things (IoT)
based technologies redesigned almost every industry including ‘‘smart agriculture’’ which moved the industry
from statistical to quantitative approaches. Such revolutionary changes are shaking the existing agriculture
methods and creating new opportunities along a range of challenges. This article highlights the potential of
wireless sensors and IoT in agriculture, as well as the challenges expected to be faced when integrating this
technology with the traditional farming practices. IoT devices and communication techniques associated with
wireless sensors encountered in agriculture applications are analyzed in detail. What sensors are available for
specific agriculture application, like soil preparation, crop status, irrigation, insect and pest detection are
listed.For the sake of obtaining the interest data, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used to collect the
interest data in the farm field and send the obtained data to the servers via wireless communication. Since the
WSNs usually operate in the unlicensed spectrum ,the available resource elements (REs) are scarce especially
when a large number of sensor nodes are deployed in the farm field.
Wildlife entering in to populated areas has
recently become very Popular. The space for wild
animals is decreasing as humans are encroaching
forests. It creates great loss to property and life
when wild animals enter in to cities. We use latest
advances in technology such as Internet of Things
(IoT) to create an alert system of possible wildlife
leaving the forest and also the message will send to
the users Mobile to alert them. We use low cost
motion detectors and Passive Infrared sensors to
achieve this. We relay information of such motion
to a control centre to take further actions. We also
include making loud noise through speakers in
which the animals cannot enter in to land. The
basic idea of IoT is to connect different sensors
and establish communication and also provide
services. In this article, we make use of several IoT
devices at the periphery of natural reserve to
create an alert system. This system can also be
used to find out smugglers and other people
illegally entering in to the forest.
Io t based water level monitoring system of dams insangamesh kumbar
IoT-BASED WATER LEVEL MONITORING SYSTEM OF DAMS IN KARNATAKA,This project proposes a wireless solution, based on Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) network for the monitoring and controlling of the dams water level parameter.
The equipment uses an ultrasonic sensor device to accurately measure and determine the waters in real time.
The standalone Water Level Monitoring System is equipped with solar panel and makes use of an ultrasonic sensor to measure the rate of change of water level using the principle similar to radar and sonar.
The sensor calculates the time interval between sending the signal and receiving the echo to determine the water level.
The information collected is then transmitted to a central server at a predefined interval, via SMS.
IRJET- IoT-Enabled Underground Drainage Monitoring System using Water Flo...IRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-enabled underground drainage monitoring system using water flow sensors. The system monitors water flow in underground drainage pipes to detect blockages or leaks. It uses an Arduino, water flow sensors, and a GSM module. Water flow sensors attached to the drainage pipes measure the water flow rate. The Arduino collects these measurements and sends them via GSM to authorities. This allows authorities to quickly identify locations with drainage issues so they can address blockages or leaks. The system aims to automatically and remotely monitor underground drainage infrastructure in order to improve maintenance and prevent flooding or accumulation of hazardous gases.
IoT Based Water Level Monitoring System with an Android Applicationrahulmonikasharma
1. This document describes an IoT based water level monitoring system with an Android application. It uses an Arduino board, ultrasonic sensor, and ESP8266 WiFi module to monitor and control water levels in a tank remotely via an Android app.
2. Water level is measured by an ultrasonic sensor connected to an Arduino and the reading is sent via ESP8266 module to an Android app over WiFi. The app displays water level and allows manual control of a motor pump.
3. The system automatically turns the motor on or off to fill or empty the tank based on maximum and minimum water level thresholds set in the Arduino code. This provides a low-cost smart water management solution.
REMOTE SENSING AND CONTROL FOR ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING DIGITAL IRRIGATIONijait
The remotely sensed data from an unknown location is transmitted in real time through internet and gathered in a PC. The data is collected for a considerable period of time and analyzed in PC as to assess the suitability and fertility of the land for establishing an electronic plantation in that area. The analysis also helps deciding the plantation of appropriate plants in the location identified. The system performing this task with appropriate transducers installed in remote area, the methodologies involved in transmission and data gathering are reported.. The second part of the project deals with data gathering from remote site and issuing control signals to remote appliances in the site; all performed through internet. Therefore,
this control scheme is a duplex system monitoring the irrigation activities by collecting data in one direction and issuing commands on the opposite direction. This scheme maintains the digital irrigation systems effectively and efficiently as to utilize the resources optimally for yielding enhanced production.
The methodologies involved in extending the two way communication of data are presented.
IRJET- Smart Green House using IOT and Cloud ComputingIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a smart greenhouse system that uses IoT and cloud computing to automatically monitor and control the greenhouse's environment.
2. Sensors measure soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and sunlight levels, and send the data to a Raspberry Pi controller.
3. If sensor readings exceed predefined thresholds, the Raspberry Pi activates devices like water sprayers, fans, and lights to regulate the environment and optimize plant growth.
IoT Based Disaster Detection and Early Warning Device By Shweta GaikwadShweta Gaikwad
The document describes an IoT-based disaster detection and early warning device created by a team of students. The device uses sensors to detect natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and fires. It then sends alerts over WiFi and the cloud to notify people through messages, emails, lights, and sounds before the disaster hits. The goal is to provide faster warnings than seismic waves or floods to give people more time to take safety measures. The device design includes sensors, audio/light alarms, WiFi connectivity, and integration with an IoT cloud platform to remotely monitor readings and control actuators.
1) The document describes the design of an Automatic Super-Heated Pressurized Water and Alarm Security System (ASUPWASS) created to curb burglary in Nigeria.
2) The system uses sensors to detect intruders and automatically sprays them with superheated pressurized water above 200°C, which can cause severe burns, while simultaneously triggering an alarm.
3) The design includes a sensor, surge tank to hold the superheated water, heater to heat the water, pump to spray the water, and an alarm system to deter criminals and attract help.
Smart Water Meter System for Detecting Sudden Water LeakageAneekBanerjee4
This article deals with a proposal of a smart water meter for monitoring water consumption and for accidental leakage detection. The hardware part of the smart water meter consists of a mini-computer and a pulse water meter. Application logic is then in the hands of the original software that evaluates water consumption patterns. If a water leak is detected, the smart water meter uses a ball valve to close the inlet. The meter also has a self-learning mode that can recommend set limits within the reference period. A separate application interface is designed for communication between the meter and the user .Various computer simulations were used to test and initiate different water consumption scenarios.
IRJET- A Real Time Solution to Flood Monitoring System using IoT and Wireless...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed real-time flood monitoring system using IoT and wireless sensor networks. The system would use sensors to monitor water levels, rainfall, temperature, humidity, and pressure to detect potential floods. If thresholds are reached, alerts would be sent via an Android app and website. The sensors would send data to a server and database via WiFi. The app and website would allow users to view sensor readings and maps of safe locations to evacuate to. The goal is to inform people of upcoming floods and direct them to safety.
IoT Based Water Level Meter for Alerting Population about Floodsijtsrd
The most important thing before, during and after a disaster is the dissemination of information, the deployment of IoT enabled devices Internet of Things which can bring benefits in terms of providing people with the right decision making information in the face of this disaster. In this paper, we introduce a sensor for measuring water quality in rivers, lakes, ponds and streams. To prove our idea, weve developed a pilot project using a small scale model used for water based sensors based on an open circuit that meets water and is tested horizontally in a water container under a controlled environment. Ashwin Kumar V | Bharanidharan N | Bharanidharan S | Vanaja. C "IoT Based Water Level Meter for Alerting Population about Floods" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31714.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31714/iot-based-water-level-meter-for-alerting-population-about-floods/ashwin-kumar-v
IRJET- Automated Irrigation System using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes an automated irrigation system using sensors and the Internet of Things. The system uses soil moisture and temperature/humidity sensors to monitor crop conditions. If the soil moisture drops below a threshold, the system will turn on a water pump to irrigate. It will turn off the pump once moisture reaches the threshold. The temperature/humidity sensor alerts farmers when to apply pesticides if conditions promote fungi or bacteria. The system sends sensor data to an online platform and mobile app for remote monitoring to automate irrigation and help farmers.
IRJET- Smart Soldier Jacket using Internet of Things (IoT)IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart soldier jacket system using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system would track a soldier's location using GPS and monitor health parameters like heartbeat, pulse rate, and body temperature using sensors. It would send this information to a control room via Wi-Fi or GSM to monitor the soldier's condition. If injuries are detected, the soldier's location could be identified to provide aid. The system aims to strategize operations based on soldier statuses and locations in real-time to protect lives on the battlefield in a low-cost way. It would consist of wearable sensors, modules, and transmission components mounted inside the jacket for soldier-to-soldier or soldier-to-base communication.
IRJET- Motion Based Message Conveyor for Physically Disabled PeopleIRJET Journal
The document describes a motion-based message conveyor system for physically disabled people. The system uses an accelerometer placed on a movable body part of a disabled person. When the person moves their body in a particular direction due to a problem, the accelerometer detects the motion and sends a message like "Some Problem" to a receiver using an Arduino, RF transmitter, and LCD display. The receiver then displays the message and activates a buzzer for help. The system also continuously monitors and displays the person's temperature using a temperature sensor. The goal is to help physically disabled people communicate problems and emergency needs to caretakers through simple motions.
This document proposes a soilless cultivation system using IoT. Sensors would monitor the pH level and temperature of the water in hydroponic cultivation. If the pH is unsuitable or temperature is too high/low, it would trigger a notification to the user via their Android device. This system aims to address issues with conventional agriculture like lack of land and optimize resource use by automating environmental monitoring and control with IoT sensors. The proposed system seeks to implement real-time hydroponic cultivation and provide an easy-to-use mobile app interface to improve on existing prototype systems.
IoT Based Remote Monitoring and Controlling for Shutter Systemsijtsrd
This document describes a proposed system for remote monitoring and controlling of dams using IoT technology. The system uses sensors like water level sensors, pH sensors, and rain sensors connected to an Arduino board to monitor parameters at the dam. The sensor data is sent to a Raspberry Pi controller which can automatically open and close floodgates based on the water level. This allows remote monitoring and control of the dam to manage water levels and flows. The system aims to reduce manual labor, costs, and improve monitoring quality compared to traditional systems. It also enables users to control and monitor dams remotely through an automated rather than manual system.
In recent years, many of the bridges are monitored using non-destructive testing methods. These methods are used for checking the structural damage, wreckage, strength of the bridges. To reduce the human losses, economic losses, protect the strength and structure of bridge we are introducing a smart bridge monitoring using sensors where it gives high and low values depending upon the problem occurred in the bridge. Now a day we are in hike of power supply, so we are using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) technology for regular monitoring of the bridge which consumes less power with accurate values. This project describes the real time working and getting real time values. Outcome of the project is to bring a product based module. R. Dhivya Devi | S. Dinesh | S. Gowri Shankar | K. Ravi Teja"Pontem Monitoring using IoT" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11517.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/11517/pontem-monitoring-using-iot/r-dhivya-devi
This document describes a proposed smart irrigation control system that uses sensors and a microcontroller to automate watering. The system aims to save water, labor, and increase yields by only watering when needed based on soil moisture levels and predicted rain. Sensors measure soil moisture, temperature and humidity. An Arduino microcontroller receives the sensor data and controls a relay to power sprinklers on or off as required. It also connects to the internet to check a weather API and stop watering if rain is predicted, avoiding waste. The system is intended to help farmers by reducing costs and workload while optimizing water use.
IRJET- IOT Based Plant Health Monitoring, Automated Fertilization and Irrigat...IRJET Journal
This document presents a system for monitoring plant health using sensors, a Raspberry Pi, and image processing of photos taken with a NoIR camera. The system calculates NDVI values from images to determine if plants are healthy, unhealthy, or dead. If plants are found to be unhealthy, the system will automatically fertilize them using a robot. It also uses temperature and humidity sensors to automatically irrigate plants based on threshold values. The goal is to help farmers efficiently monitor individual plant health and take appropriate actions like fertilizing or irrigation.
This document describes an ultrasonic stirrer system. It discusses using ultrasonic waves to stir liquids in food processing and other industries. The system uses an LM3524 IC to generate frequencies up to 40 kHz which are amplified and sent to a piezoelectric transducer. The transducer vibrates a metal rod in the liquid to cause stirring. A PIC microcontroller controls the vibration timing. The system aims to provide an easy and low-cost way to stir liquids for applications like removing thickness and bubbles from milk in the dairy industry.
IRJET- Automated Irrigation using IoT and Plant Disease Detection using Image...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an automated irrigation system using IoT and a plant disease detection system using image processing and machine learning. The automated irrigation system uses sensors to monitor soil moisture levels and controls irrigation via actuators like valves when moisture levels drop below a threshold. This reduces water use compared to manual irrigation. The plant disease detection system acquires images of plant leaves and uses techniques like preprocessing, segmentation, and feature extraction to classify diseases based on symptoms. Algorithms like KNN are used for classification. The systems aim to optimize irrigation and identify diseases early to improve crop yields.
1) The document describes a smart irrigation system that automatically provides water to plants based on soil moisture and temperature sensor readings. Soil moisture and temperature sensors transmit data to a microcontroller, which controls a water pump and servo motor for efficient watering.
2) The system aims to save water by only providing water when needed, as determined by the sensor readings. It can help conserve water used for irrigation in agricultural fields, lawns, and gardens.
3) The system was tested on garden plants and proved effective at conserving water by only watering within the preset soil moisture and temperature ranges needed for the plants. The system ensures water is distributed evenly using a servo motor and can help reduce water wastage.
Depiction of Body area network in Cloud EnvironmentIdris Ahmed
This document discusses combining body area networks (BANs) with cloud computing for medical applications. BANs use sensors placed on the body to monitor health metrics and transmit the data wirelessly. Combining BANs with cloud computing could address issues with BANs like limited storage and security by storing data remotely in the cloud. The document outlines the components of BANs, challenges of integrating them with cloud computing like security and power consumption, and potential solutions and applications of this approach like remote healthcare monitoring and increased data access.
Internet of Things (IOT) Application for Determination of Soil Moisture Conte...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) system to detect low soil moisture levels in plants and automatically water them. The system uses an ESP8266 microcontroller connected to a soil moisture sensor and motor. It sends soil moisture readings to the CloudMQTT platform, notifying farmers on their devices. When the reading is below a set threshold, the motor is activated to water the plants. The system was tested on various soil samples and detected moisture levels with 95% accuracy, successfully watering plants when needed. This low-cost, portable system could help prevent crop failures by remotely monitoring soil moisture and optimizing irrigation using IoT technology.
IRJET- Waste Management System with ThingspeakIRJET Journal
This document describes a waste management system that uses IoT technologies like ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, moisture sensors, and a Raspberry Pi to monitor waste levels in bins and separate wet and dry waste. Sensors detect waste levels and types, a motor separates waste types, and ThingSpeak is used to view bin levels graphically. When bins are full, an alert email is sent. The system aims to improve waste collection and reduce unhygienic conditions. It detects waste levels in real-time and separates waste to facilitate recycling. ThingSpeak outputs show bin levels and notifications help ensure timely waste collection.
Design of Flood Warning System Based IoT and Water CharacteristicsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document describes a flood warning system designed using IoT technology and water characteristic sensors. The system monitors water levels and velocity at dams using ultrasonic sensors and a water velocity sensor connected to an ESP8266 microcontroller. The sensor data is sent in real-time over the internet and used to determine the hazard level, which is notified to users through a smartphone app. The system aims to provide accurate and rapid flood warnings to minimize disaster impacts by allowing people time to save their property and lives. It was tested using a dam prototype and different water characteristic scenarios.
Flood is one of the natural disasters which cannot be avoided totally. Every year,
death rate due to flood increases because of absence of early warning. To solve this
problem, this paper demonstrates the idea and implementation of a Flood Monitoring
and Alerting system using Internet of Things (IOT) technology. This system comprises
of three parts. The first part measures the height of the water using ultrasonic distance
measuring sensor. The second part is sending the height information to web page
using the Ethernet shield. The third part is making call to residences to alert them
about flood through voice message. The call is made through the most popular mobile
standard Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and ARP33A3 is used to
play the recorded voice message.
IRJET- Smart Green House using IOT and Cloud ComputingIRJET Journal
1. The document describes a smart greenhouse system that uses IoT and cloud computing to automatically monitor and control the greenhouse's environment.
2. Sensors measure soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and sunlight levels, and send the data to a Raspberry Pi controller.
3. If sensor readings exceed predefined thresholds, the Raspberry Pi activates devices like water sprayers, fans, and lights to regulate the environment and optimize plant growth.
IoT Based Disaster Detection and Early Warning Device By Shweta GaikwadShweta Gaikwad
The document describes an IoT-based disaster detection and early warning device created by a team of students. The device uses sensors to detect natural disasters like earthquakes, floods, and fires. It then sends alerts over WiFi and the cloud to notify people through messages, emails, lights, and sounds before the disaster hits. The goal is to provide faster warnings than seismic waves or floods to give people more time to take safety measures. The device design includes sensors, audio/light alarms, WiFi connectivity, and integration with an IoT cloud platform to remotely monitor readings and control actuators.
1) The document describes the design of an Automatic Super-Heated Pressurized Water and Alarm Security System (ASUPWASS) created to curb burglary in Nigeria.
2) The system uses sensors to detect intruders and automatically sprays them with superheated pressurized water above 200°C, which can cause severe burns, while simultaneously triggering an alarm.
3) The design includes a sensor, surge tank to hold the superheated water, heater to heat the water, pump to spray the water, and an alarm system to deter criminals and attract help.
Smart Water Meter System for Detecting Sudden Water LeakageAneekBanerjee4
This article deals with a proposal of a smart water meter for monitoring water consumption and for accidental leakage detection. The hardware part of the smart water meter consists of a mini-computer and a pulse water meter. Application logic is then in the hands of the original software that evaluates water consumption patterns. If a water leak is detected, the smart water meter uses a ball valve to close the inlet. The meter also has a self-learning mode that can recommend set limits within the reference period. A separate application interface is designed for communication between the meter and the user .Various computer simulations were used to test and initiate different water consumption scenarios.
IRJET- A Real Time Solution to Flood Monitoring System using IoT and Wireless...IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed real-time flood monitoring system using IoT and wireless sensor networks. The system would use sensors to monitor water levels, rainfall, temperature, humidity, and pressure to detect potential floods. If thresholds are reached, alerts would be sent via an Android app and website. The sensors would send data to a server and database via WiFi. The app and website would allow users to view sensor readings and maps of safe locations to evacuate to. The goal is to inform people of upcoming floods and direct them to safety.
IoT Based Water Level Meter for Alerting Population about Floodsijtsrd
The most important thing before, during and after a disaster is the dissemination of information, the deployment of IoT enabled devices Internet of Things which can bring benefits in terms of providing people with the right decision making information in the face of this disaster. In this paper, we introduce a sensor for measuring water quality in rivers, lakes, ponds and streams. To prove our idea, weve developed a pilot project using a small scale model used for water based sensors based on an open circuit that meets water and is tested horizontally in a water container under a controlled environment. Ashwin Kumar V | Bharanidharan N | Bharanidharan S | Vanaja. C "IoT Based Water Level Meter for Alerting Population about Floods" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31714.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/31714/iot-based-water-level-meter-for-alerting-population-about-floods/ashwin-kumar-v
IRJET- Automated Irrigation System using IoTIRJET Journal
This document describes an automated irrigation system using sensors and the Internet of Things. The system uses soil moisture and temperature/humidity sensors to monitor crop conditions. If the soil moisture drops below a threshold, the system will turn on a water pump to irrigate. It will turn off the pump once moisture reaches the threshold. The temperature/humidity sensor alerts farmers when to apply pesticides if conditions promote fungi or bacteria. The system sends sensor data to an online platform and mobile app for remote monitoring to automate irrigation and help farmers.
IRJET- Smart Soldier Jacket using Internet of Things (IoT)IRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed smart soldier jacket system using Internet of Things (IoT) technology. The system would track a soldier's location using GPS and monitor health parameters like heartbeat, pulse rate, and body temperature using sensors. It would send this information to a control room via Wi-Fi or GSM to monitor the soldier's condition. If injuries are detected, the soldier's location could be identified to provide aid. The system aims to strategize operations based on soldier statuses and locations in real-time to protect lives on the battlefield in a low-cost way. It would consist of wearable sensors, modules, and transmission components mounted inside the jacket for soldier-to-soldier or soldier-to-base communication.
IRJET- Motion Based Message Conveyor for Physically Disabled PeopleIRJET Journal
The document describes a motion-based message conveyor system for physically disabled people. The system uses an accelerometer placed on a movable body part of a disabled person. When the person moves their body in a particular direction due to a problem, the accelerometer detects the motion and sends a message like "Some Problem" to a receiver using an Arduino, RF transmitter, and LCD display. The receiver then displays the message and activates a buzzer for help. The system also continuously monitors and displays the person's temperature using a temperature sensor. The goal is to help physically disabled people communicate problems and emergency needs to caretakers through simple motions.
This document proposes a soilless cultivation system using IoT. Sensors would monitor the pH level and temperature of the water in hydroponic cultivation. If the pH is unsuitable or temperature is too high/low, it would trigger a notification to the user via their Android device. This system aims to address issues with conventional agriculture like lack of land and optimize resource use by automating environmental monitoring and control with IoT sensors. The proposed system seeks to implement real-time hydroponic cultivation and provide an easy-to-use mobile app interface to improve on existing prototype systems.
IoT Based Remote Monitoring and Controlling for Shutter Systemsijtsrd
This document describes a proposed system for remote monitoring and controlling of dams using IoT technology. The system uses sensors like water level sensors, pH sensors, and rain sensors connected to an Arduino board to monitor parameters at the dam. The sensor data is sent to a Raspberry Pi controller which can automatically open and close floodgates based on the water level. This allows remote monitoring and control of the dam to manage water levels and flows. The system aims to reduce manual labor, costs, and improve monitoring quality compared to traditional systems. It also enables users to control and monitor dams remotely through an automated rather than manual system.
In recent years, many of the bridges are monitored using non-destructive testing methods. These methods are used for checking the structural damage, wreckage, strength of the bridges. To reduce the human losses, economic losses, protect the strength and structure of bridge we are introducing a smart bridge monitoring using sensors where it gives high and low values depending upon the problem occurred in the bridge. Now a day we are in hike of power supply, so we are using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) technology for regular monitoring of the bridge which consumes less power with accurate values. This project describes the real time working and getting real time values. Outcome of the project is to bring a product based module. R. Dhivya Devi | S. Dinesh | S. Gowri Shankar | K. Ravi Teja"Pontem Monitoring using IoT" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd11517.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/11517/pontem-monitoring-using-iot/r-dhivya-devi
This document describes a proposed smart irrigation control system that uses sensors and a microcontroller to automate watering. The system aims to save water, labor, and increase yields by only watering when needed based on soil moisture levels and predicted rain. Sensors measure soil moisture, temperature and humidity. An Arduino microcontroller receives the sensor data and controls a relay to power sprinklers on or off as required. It also connects to the internet to check a weather API and stop watering if rain is predicted, avoiding waste. The system is intended to help farmers by reducing costs and workload while optimizing water use.
IRJET- IOT Based Plant Health Monitoring, Automated Fertilization and Irrigat...IRJET Journal
This document presents a system for monitoring plant health using sensors, a Raspberry Pi, and image processing of photos taken with a NoIR camera. The system calculates NDVI values from images to determine if plants are healthy, unhealthy, or dead. If plants are found to be unhealthy, the system will automatically fertilize them using a robot. It also uses temperature and humidity sensors to automatically irrigate plants based on threshold values. The goal is to help farmers efficiently monitor individual plant health and take appropriate actions like fertilizing or irrigation.
This document describes an ultrasonic stirrer system. It discusses using ultrasonic waves to stir liquids in food processing and other industries. The system uses an LM3524 IC to generate frequencies up to 40 kHz which are amplified and sent to a piezoelectric transducer. The transducer vibrates a metal rod in the liquid to cause stirring. A PIC microcontroller controls the vibration timing. The system aims to provide an easy and low-cost way to stir liquids for applications like removing thickness and bubbles from milk in the dairy industry.
IRJET- Automated Irrigation using IoT and Plant Disease Detection using Image...IRJET Journal
This document discusses an automated irrigation system using IoT and a plant disease detection system using image processing and machine learning. The automated irrigation system uses sensors to monitor soil moisture levels and controls irrigation via actuators like valves when moisture levels drop below a threshold. This reduces water use compared to manual irrigation. The plant disease detection system acquires images of plant leaves and uses techniques like preprocessing, segmentation, and feature extraction to classify diseases based on symptoms. Algorithms like KNN are used for classification. The systems aim to optimize irrigation and identify diseases early to improve crop yields.
1) The document describes a smart irrigation system that automatically provides water to plants based on soil moisture and temperature sensor readings. Soil moisture and temperature sensors transmit data to a microcontroller, which controls a water pump and servo motor for efficient watering.
2) The system aims to save water by only providing water when needed, as determined by the sensor readings. It can help conserve water used for irrigation in agricultural fields, lawns, and gardens.
3) The system was tested on garden plants and proved effective at conserving water by only watering within the preset soil moisture and temperature ranges needed for the plants. The system ensures water is distributed evenly using a servo motor and can help reduce water wastage.
Depiction of Body area network in Cloud EnvironmentIdris Ahmed
This document discusses combining body area networks (BANs) with cloud computing for medical applications. BANs use sensors placed on the body to monitor health metrics and transmit the data wirelessly. Combining BANs with cloud computing could address issues with BANs like limited storage and security by storing data remotely in the cloud. The document outlines the components of BANs, challenges of integrating them with cloud computing like security and power consumption, and potential solutions and applications of this approach like remote healthcare monitoring and increased data access.
Internet of Things (IOT) Application for Determination of Soil Moisture Conte...IRJET Journal
This document proposes an Internet of Things (IoT) system to detect low soil moisture levels in plants and automatically water them. The system uses an ESP8266 microcontroller connected to a soil moisture sensor and motor. It sends soil moisture readings to the CloudMQTT platform, notifying farmers on their devices. When the reading is below a set threshold, the motor is activated to water the plants. The system was tested on various soil samples and detected moisture levels with 95% accuracy, successfully watering plants when needed. This low-cost, portable system could help prevent crop failures by remotely monitoring soil moisture and optimizing irrigation using IoT technology.
IRJET- Waste Management System with ThingspeakIRJET Journal
This document describes a waste management system that uses IoT technologies like ultrasonic sensors, infrared sensors, moisture sensors, and a Raspberry Pi to monitor waste levels in bins and separate wet and dry waste. Sensors detect waste levels and types, a motor separates waste types, and ThingSpeak is used to view bin levels graphically. When bins are full, an alert email is sent. The system aims to improve waste collection and reduce unhygienic conditions. It detects waste levels in real-time and separates waste to facilitate recycling. ThingSpeak outputs show bin levels and notifications help ensure timely waste collection.
Design of Flood Warning System Based IoT and Water CharacteristicsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document describes a flood warning system designed using IoT technology and water characteristic sensors. The system monitors water levels and velocity at dams using ultrasonic sensors and a water velocity sensor connected to an ESP8266 microcontroller. The sensor data is sent in real-time over the internet and used to determine the hazard level, which is notified to users through a smartphone app. The system aims to provide accurate and rapid flood warnings to minimize disaster impacts by allowing people time to save their property and lives. It was tested using a dam prototype and different water characteristic scenarios.
Flood is one of the natural disasters which cannot be avoided totally. Every year,
death rate due to flood increases because of absence of early warning. To solve this
problem, this paper demonstrates the idea and implementation of a Flood Monitoring
and Alerting system using Internet of Things (IOT) technology. This system comprises
of three parts. The first part measures the height of the water using ultrasonic distance
measuring sensor. The second part is sending the height information to web page
using the Ethernet shield. The third part is making call to residences to alert them
about flood through voice message. The call is made through the most popular mobile
standard Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) and ARP33A3 is used to
play the recorded voice message.
IMPLEMENTATION OF EARLY FLOOD DETECTION AND AVOIDANCE SYSTEM USING LORAIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed early flood detection and avoidance system using LoRa technology. The system would use various sensors to monitor factors like temperature, humidity, water level, and water flow. If the sensor values exceed thresholds, a warning message would be sent to authorities and residents via an IoT network. The system is intended to help provide early warnings of flooding to minimize damage and impacts. It was simulated using Proteus software and showed sensor values being displayed on an LCD screen and warnings being triggered based on the sensor readings. The goal is to create an affordable, real-time flood monitoring system to help address flooding as a natural disaster.
IRJET - Advanced Flood Level Monitoring and Alerting SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an advanced flood level monitoring and alerting system. The system uses an ultrasonic sensor to monitor water levels and send alerts via SMS, buzzer, and LCD display when levels reach safety thresholds. It also uploads water level data to a webpage using IoT for remote monitoring. The system is designed to alert people to flooding and allow evacuation before flood waters reach dangerous levels, helping minimize damage and save lives. It provides real-time flood monitoring and early warning capabilities to communities.
Early Warning on Disastrous Weather through Cell PhoneIOSR Journals
1) The document proposes an early weather warning system for Bangladesh that alerts subscribers via phone calls or SMS about impending natural disasters like cyclones, tsunamis, or tornadoes.
2) The system collects weather data from various sources and sends warning messages to subscribers based on their detected location. Warnings are sent via automated phone calls in Bengali to ensure all subscribers can understand, even if asleep.
3) Testing showed the system works well within Dhaka, with fast response times due to storing processed data. The system aims to minimize loss of life from natural disasters by providing widespread early warnings to the Bangladeshi population.
IRJET- Integrated Automatic Flood Warning and Alert System using IoTIRJET Journal
The document proposes an integrated automatic flood warning and alert system using IoT that monitors water levels, humidity, temperature and alerts people via SMS, public announcements and a centralized website. The system uses sensors connected to Arduino boards to monitor dams and rivers, and triggers alerts via SMS, sirens and displays if water levels rise above thresholds. All sensor data is logged to a central database accessible via a website to provide information to authorities and the public.
Village agriculture is very important in Bangladesh. In emerging nations like our own, agriculture has a significant impact on national GDP. Basically, because of our current circumstances, the monsoons, which are agriculture's primary source of water, are insufficient. The irrigation system is used in agriculture as a solution to this issue. In this technique, the agricultural field will receive water depending on the type of soil. In agriculture, there are two factors to consider: the soil's moisture content and its fertility. There are already a variety of irrigation options available to lessen the demand for rain. An electrical power on/off schedule controls this kind of method. The use of IOT to create a smart irrigation system is covered in this article. Our method uses hydropumps to regulate multiple pumps at once, which saves time and energy. This system will have a significant impact on the national economy if we implement it.
IRJET- A Survey Paper on Dam ManagementIRJET Journal
This document discusses various approaches to dam management through the use of sensors and IoT technologies. It provides an overview of 16 research papers related to using sensors to monitor water levels, detect cracks and corrosion, control dam gates automatically, and provide early flood detection. The goal of the discussed research is to improve dam safety and water management by automating monitoring and control functions to minimize failures and optimize water distribution. IoT technologies allow data from sensors to be transmitted remotely for analysis and timely decision making by authorities. The surveyed approaches aim to enhance dam safety and efficiency through automated monitoring and control systems.
This document proposes a system to improve flood warning predictions through machine learning. It will analyze rainfall and reservoir water level data to predict water releases and notify authorities. The system will have modules to send alerts, indicate flood risk levels, notify rescue teams, and predict water releases based on rainfall amounts. This will help provide timely warnings, coordinate emergency responses, and prevent loss of life during flooding.
The document proposes a "SMART DAM" project that uses sensors, IoT devices, cloud computing and artificial intelligence to automate dam monitoring and operations. The system would allow dam authorities to remotely monitor water levels, weather data and control flood gates. It would also provide data to researchers and notify local communities of flood risks through siren alarms. The proposed architecture involves sensors transmitting data to a Raspberry Pi, cloud storage and an intelligent decision support system using neural networks to automate gate operations.
IRJET- Flood Alerting System through Water Level MeterIRJET Journal
This document describes a flood alerting system that uses sensors to measure water levels in rivers and lakes. A micro-model is designed using a programmable electronic board connected to electrical resistances placed at different heights in a water container. When the water level reaches a resistance, the sensor transmits the information via WiFi to computers and smartphones so users can see the water level. The system aims to provide timely information to residents in low-lying areas about changes in water levels and predict safe water levels to save lives during floods. Experimental tests of the micro-model produced acceptable results.
IRJET- IoT based Flood Detection and Alert SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes an IoT-based flood detection and alert system that uses sensors to detect rising water levels and rainfall. The system includes a float sensor and rain sensor connected to an Arduino controller to monitor water levels and rainfall. If flooding is detected, the system sends alert messages via GSM module to notify authorities. Sensor data is also sent to a webpage using a Wi-Fi module so the flood conditions can be monitored online. The system aims to provide early warnings of flooding to help reduce property damage and save lives.
This document outlines the history of natural disasters in India and agencies responsible for monitoring hazards such as cyclones, floods, earthquakes, and tsunamis. It discusses the need for and elements of early warning systems for natural disasters. Case studies are provided on India's tsunami warning system and how early warning systems have helped in earthquake and flood events.
This document describes a proposed balloon-borne system using Zigbee technology for disaster relief operations. The system would use high-altitude balloons equipped with Zigbee, GPS, humidity and water level sensors, a camera, and an APR voice module. The balloons would form an aerial wireless network to monitor conditions like water levels, humidity, and the number of people in an area affected by a disaster. The data collected by the sensors would be transmitted via Zigbee between balloons and to rescuers on the ground to provide situational awareness and help coordinate relief efforts. This system aims to improve response times and resolve issues that emerge during disasters.
From a national economic viewpoint, floods, both riverine and coastal, are the most destructive category of natural hazards in India. The economic losses to homes and personal property, to crops, business facilities and stock , utilities are major manifestations of flood losses. India is highly vulnerable to floods. in that scenario there is a urgent requirement for development and installation of enhanced flood forecasting sites in various commonly flooding regions . In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a sensor-based embedded system for flood management. The project is mainly concerned on how the data of the flood is being used and analyzed for future forecasting. The Embedded system acquires many types of electronic devices such as GSM, Level sensor and many other to be deployed at remote locations, wherever mobile network is available. Collection of data occurs at user defined intervals of time and is to uploaded to the database .the information acquired into the database can then be easily viewed from anywhere , used for further analysis . The system is being designed on MATLAB Software for the ease of analysis.
Flood disaster indicator of water level monitoring systemIJECEIAES
The early warning systems for flood management have been developed rapidly with the growth of technologies. These system help to alert people early with the used of Short Message Service (SMS) via Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). This paper presents a simple, portable and low cost of early warning system using Arduino board, which is used to control the whole system and GSM shields to send the data. System has been designed and implemented based on two components which is hardware and software. The model determines the water level using float switch sensors, then it analyzes the collected data and determine the type of danger present. The detected level is translated into an alert message and sent to the user. The GSM network is used to connect the overall system units via SMS.
A Futuristic Approach for Smart Farming using IoT and MLIRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart farming system using IoT and machine learning. The system would track livestock location using GPS, monitor water levels using ultrasonic sensors, detect soil moisture, and provide security through face recognition. Sensors would collect data that is uploaded to the cloud and accessed via a mobile app. This would allow farmers to monitor fields remotely. The system was designed and modeled using Raspberry Pi and Arduino, with sensors to track multiple variables and notify farmers of issues. It aims to help farmers more efficiently manage their resources and crops through technology.
The document describes a proposed advanced flood detection system based on sensor technology and machine learning algorithms. The system would use sensors to collect data on water levels and other environmental factors. This data would be processed using an Arduino and classified using a random forest machine learning algorithm to detect flooding. If flooding is detected based on threshold values, alerts would be sent to users through a cloud-based IoT platform to warn of the flood risk in real-time. The system is intended to provide low-cost flood monitoring and warnings.
This document describes a proposed automated flood control system using wireless sensor networks. The system would use sensors to monitor water levels at various points, and a controller to automatically operate pumps and water channels based on the sensor readings and pre-programmed parameters. This closed-loop system would allow for real-time response to changing water levels to help prevent and reduce flooding in an area. The proposed system could help address the increasing problem of flooding in Nigeria and provide benefits over traditional open-loop control systems.
The document proposes a method to enhance security in wireless sensor networks for agriculture by addressing the problem of network congestion. Sensors would be installed in agricultural fields to monitor soil conditions and other variables. One node would act as a sink node to receive data from other sensor nodes. Congestion could occur if sensor nodes send too much data, overwhelming the sink node. The proposed method would apply an AODV routing protocol to detect congestion and notify the user, allowing corrective action. It would also simulate data flow using NS2 to track packets over time and show how congestion impacts packet loss. Addressing congestion could improve network performance and benefit farmers' ability to increase crop yields.
1. International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-5, June 2014 ISSN 2348-6848
Water Level Monitoring and Flood Alert System
Shivaray shenoy.A, Shrinath P.S, Sharath. S, Balapradeep K.N
shivaray9414@gmail.com, shrinathps0099@gmail.com, sharath.s55@gmail.com, deepkatoor@gmail.com
Dept. of Computer Science and Engineering, K.V.G College of Engineering, Sullia
Affiliated to VTU Belgaum, India
www.kvgengg.com
Abstract—
For several thousand years, human population has experienced the catastrophes brought by the natural
disasters. Since the disasters occur without any prior warning to people, there is no enough time to
evacuate the area of disaster. Even though the disasters are suddenly occurring, it is possible to predict the
occurrence of some of them. Flood is one these disasters. It is one of the most commonly occurring natural
disasters in the world and accounts for the highest loss that it brings to humanity. In this paper, we present
a system which we designed to provide alert using short message system before flood. The system is also
designed to store the history of water level in its database. The database is present on a centralized server
which does all the jobs from data collection to sending message before flood.
Index Terms—Flood, short message system, disaster, database, server.
Water Level Monitoring and Flood Alert System Page 487
2. International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-5, June 2014 ISSN 2348-6848
I. INTRODUCTION
In the year 2013, the northern part of India was stricken by
a devastating flood that affected parts of Uttarakhand,
Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Over 4,200 villages were
severely affected, killing over 5,700 people [1]. This was the
country’s worst natural disaster since the 2004 tsunami. The
disaster was caused due to a multi-day cloud burst, which
caused the melting of Chorabari glacier and thus causing the
overflow of Mandakini River. Heavy rainfall for four
consecutive days as well as melting snow aggravated the
floods. Warnings by the India Meteorological Department
predicting heavy rains were not given to public, causing
thousands of people to be unaware of the situation, thus leading
to huge loss of life and property.
If people in these areas were provided information
regarding the continuous rain in advance, they would have got
time to evacuate the area and also save their movable
properties. So a disaster early warning system is necessary to
provide proper alert before disaster occurs. India has been a
victim to floods since a long time. More number of floods
occurs than any other disasters in the country. In Fig. 1, the
chart shows a statistics of major disasters that has occurred in
India from 1980 to 2010. Clearly, India is mostly affected by
flood.
It would also be useful if the level of water in a water body
is stored in a database along with the date and time of the
change in the level. This data can be used for future reference.
For example, the history of water level can be used in scientific
studies. There are certain spots in water bodies were we can
measure the water level. These are the spots were the water is
still or the current is not very strong. To determine whether the
water level is safe or not in a certain area, we can use these
spots to do so. Sensors can be planted in these areas. Then the
readings of the sensors in these areas must be stored in the
database with respect to the locations of the sensors. In this
way, we can keep track of the water levels in all these areas.
For this, we will have to manage the database effectively. Since
natural disasters are very common these days, it has become a
need to continuously monitor the weather and climatic
changes. So if these changes over a long period of time are
recorded, it can prove to be effective.
So looking at these problems, we have designed a system
which can be used to monitor record and send alert to the
people before disaster strikes. Since almost every common man
is using a mobile phone these days, it makes best sense to send
alert to these devices using SMS. People can easily approach
their mobile devices and get the knowledge of the future
disasters. Looking at advancement in today’s technology, we
can provide alert in alternate modes such as e-mail or using
websites that can display the exact coordinate of the area of
disaster on a map.
Space systems from their vantage position have
unambiguously demonstrated their capability in providing
vital information and services for disaster management [2].
The Earth Observation satellites provide comprehensive,
synoptic and multi temporal coverage of large areas in real
time and at frequent intervals and thus have become valuable
for continuous monitoring of atmospheric as well as surface
parameters related to natural disasters. Geo-stationary
satellites provide continuous and synoptic observations over
large areas on weather including cyclone-monitoring. Polar
orbiting satellites have the advantage of providing much
higher resolution imageries, even though at low temporal
frequency, which could be used for detailed monitoring,
damage assessment and long-term relief management. The
vast capabilities of communication satellites are available for
timely dissemination of early warning and real-time
coordination of relief operations. The advent of Very Small
Aperture Terminals (VSAT) and Ultra Small Aperture
Terminals (USAT) and phased - array antennae have enhanced
the capability further by offering low cost, viable
technological solutions towards management and mitigation of
disasters. Satellite communications capabilities-fixed and
mobile are vital for effective communication, especially in
data collection, distress alerting, and position location and co-ordinating
relief operations in the field [3]. In addition, Search
Fig. 1 Disasters in India for a period of 1980-2010
and Rescue satellites provide capabilities such as position
determination facilities onboard which could be useful in a
variety of land, sea and air distress situations. Severe losses
were also caused by floods in recent past, e.g. heavy monsoon
rains triggered landslides and flooding in India in July, 2006,
specifically in the regions around Mumbai. Over 1,100 people
lost their lives, and the insured property damage amounted to
USD 0.8 billion [4]. Swiss Re reports in the year 2007 related
to 20 worst catastrophes in terms of victims has also indicated
that India is one of the most victim-prone countries compared
with others. In this paper, we present a system that can be used
to monitor the water level and send alert through SMS. The
system also keeps track of water level in its database along
with the date and time of the change in water level. The
people who wish to receive alerts through the system must
register their mobile numbers in its database. It sends the SMS
to all the numbers are registered in the database.
II. SYSTEM DESIGN
Water Level Monitoring and Flood Alert System Page 488
3. 184
International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-5, June 2014 ISSN 2348-6848
7 16
Earthquake
Drought
35
56
Mass movement
Flood
92
Storm
Epidemics
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Natural disaster types
In the flood alert system that we designed, we have used a
Number of disasters
set of components that can be used to measure the water level.
These components are part of client system, which connects to
a centralized server and sends the sensor reading to it. The
following sections describe each of these components in detail.
A. Data collection module
The first step would be to use a sensing device which can
supply the information about the water level. In our system, we
have used a level gauge to do this job. The voltage across this
gauge changes if water level changes. This gauge is connected
to the microcontroller unit which is present inside the client
side system described in the next sub-section.
The data collection module of our FAS consists of a level
gauge, Arduino MCU board and Raspberry pi. The level gauge
is actually a variable resistor whose resistance changes as the
water level changes, resulting in voltage variation across it.
This voltage is fed to the analog input pin of the Arduino
board. The MCU on this board converts this signal to digital
value and then sends it to Raspberry pi. A program running in
Raspberry pi opens the device file associated with Arduino
Uno and sends a request to it. The Arduino then responds by
sending the sensor reading. This happens for every fixed
interval. Once the sensor reading is received, it is ready to go to
the server, where the decision is taken on what to do with the
data.
B. Client system
When the client system is placed online in the flood alert
system (FAS), it requests for connection with the server and
starts sending sensor reading to it. The components used in the
client side system are described below.
The first component is used to read the analog voltage from
the level gauge. This component would be a microcontroller
unit (MCU). For this purpose, we have used Arduino Uno
board which houses Atmel ATmega328 microcontroller. The
sensor is connected to analog port of the MCU. This board can
be programmed using Arduino IDE.
The data collected by the sensor must be sent to the server
over the internet. For this, we needed a system which could be
connected to the Arduino board and also has an interface to
connect to the internet.
For this purpose, we chose Raspberry pi model-B, which is
a pocket-sized computer. This computer has a 700 MHz SoC
with 512 MB RAM and is based on ARM architecture. It runs
ARM version of many lightweight Linux distributions. We
have chosen Raspbian OS, a Debian OS derivative, which
since it has lots in common with Ubuntu, which is the base
operating system that we used. This system also has Ethernet
interface, which can be used to connect the system online.
Since Raspberry pi is a complete computer based on Linux,
we can program it using the programming techniques used to
program a typical Linux-based system and the standard API’s.
We connected the Arduino board to the USB port of Raspberry
pi and then to the server using Ethernet. Raspbian OS has a
complete set of tools used for programming the system.
We have used the GNU (recursive synonym for GNU’s Not
UNIX) GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) for compiling our
program. Figure 2 shows a Raspberry pi Model-B.
Fig. 2Raspberry pi Model-B
The server is connected to a system which can send SMS
upon request. This can be a GSM module or a mobile phone
itself. To send commands to the SMS module, we used gnokii,
which is a suite of programs used to communicate with mobile
phones. It was originally designed for Nokia mobile phones
running on symbian OS. Newer version of this software
provides support for more phones. Using this tool, we can use
different features of mobile phones such as phonebook, SMS,
calendar, etc. We used the SMS feature of this tool. The
software works fine with GSM SIM900 module as well.
C. Server system
The client system must be connected to a server. This
server reads data from the client and then stores it in its
database. This data can then be used for future reference. In our
system, we used a computer as a server. This computer was
Water Level Monitoring and Flood Alert System Page 489
4. International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-5, June 2014 ISSN 2348-6848
powered with Ubuntu, an open source operating system based
on Linux. We used MySQL for managing the database.
The server does a set of jobs. These jobs are described
below.
· Receive sensor reading from the client and store it in the
database.
· Register mobile number of the user upon user request.
This is done using a web page.
· Unregister a mobile number from the database on user
request. This is also done using a web page.
· Send alert SMS to the users registered in the database if
the water level is critical.
Arduino
Uno
USB Raspberry
GSM module FAS server
Fig. 3 Layout of components in FAS
Level
sensor
pi
Ethernet
The server runs common gateway interface (CGI)
program to create dynamic web pages. This program is used to
insert or delete phone numbers on user request. The server also
displays tabulated sensor data on the web page as soon as the
user requests for it. Figure 4 shows the layout of the
components connected in the FAS in block diagram. The
system is completely written in C. We have chosen C because
it is completely supported by default in a Linux system and it is
also friendly and robust when it comes to network
programming.
III. IMPLEMENTATION
We have implemented the system for one client and server
system, although we could make it by using multiple clients.
This is just for the ease of implementing a prototype of the
system. For example, instead of using a physical server, we
have used a service that acts as a server. The different tools
used to develop this system are:
· GNU Compiler collection (GCC) to compile our
program.
· Gnokii software for sending SMS.
· MySQL database to store sensor data and user
numbers.
· LAMPP (MySQL/ Apache server).
· Arduino Uno.
· Raspberry pi.
· Float sensor.
Arduino can be programmed using Arduino IDE. This IDE
is designed to provide complete support in programming the
microcontroller. Raspberry pi can be programmed using the
tools which are already present in the system. It is very
convenient to use these tools for programming purpose.
This system can be connected as shown in Fig. 3 with little
modification in programming. This setup enables us to monitor
water level in more than one location and place the data in the
same database. Each of these clients contains a level sensor, a
MCU, Raspberry pi. This setup is connected to the server
through internet.
Client
3
Internet
FAS server
Client
2
Client
4
Fig. 4 Multiple FAS clients connected to a server
Client
1
The sample database entries made by our program are
shown in Fig. 5. This is done with the MySQL APIs which is
designed to embed database queries inside a C program. Since
the tools like MySQL, Gnokii, Arduino, etc. are open source
and there is plenty of open source software that can fulfill the
system design of FAS, the design cost is also reduced.
IV.
Fig.5 Sample database entries made by FAS
Water Level Monitoring and Flood Alert System Page 490
5. International Journal of Research (IJR) Vol-1, Issue-5, June 2014 ISSN 2348-6848
V. PERFORMANCE
To test the performance of the system, we kept it under
observation for ten hours continuously. We observed that the
sensor reading was accurately transmitted from the client to the
server. There was not even a slight fluctuation or variation in
sending the data and the information also arrived in time. The
database where the sensor data is stored was updated only if
there was a change in two consecutive values that arrived to the
server. This ensured that there were no multiple copies of one
type of reading.
The message was sent on time as soon as the sensor
triggered the rise in water level. When in operation, the
Raspberry pi was heated, but it was normal for the system to
heat up that much. So, the hardware worked efficiently
throughout the period and also worked continuously.
VI. CONCLUSION
Flood warning is closely linked to the task of flood
forecasting. The distinction between the two is that the
outcome of flood forecasting is a set of forecast time-profiles
of channel flows or river levels at various locations, while
"flood warning" is the task of making use of these forecasts to
make decisions about whether warnings of floods should be
issued to the general public.
Flood alert system forecasts are extremely effective in
reducing flood damage. Advanced warnings for floods can
mean the difference between life and death and in reducing
property losses. As little as one hour of lead-time can result in
up to a 10-percent reduction on flood damages. Flood
forecasting has proven to be a vital link in providing economic
benefits to a Nation and must continue to improve.
VII. REFERENCES
[1] “India raises flood death toll to 5,700 as all missing persons now
presumed dead”. CBS News. 16 July 2013.
[2] Rao, D.P. 1998, Remote sensing & GIS for sustainable
development: An overview. Proc. Int. Symp. on Resource and
Environmental Monitoring : Local, regional and global. Sept. 1-
4, 1998 Budapest, Hungary.
[3] Vogel, A., Contribution of Space Technology to Earthquake
Prediction, Research, Adv. Earth Oriented Application. Space
Technology, 2012.
[4] Jyoti Purohit and C.R. Suthar, Disaster statistics in Indian
scenario in the last two decades, Department of Public
Administration, M L S University, Udaipur, India, 2012.
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