This document is a term project report submitted by students Berk KÖTEŞLİ, Göksenin ÖZKAN, and Salih GÜVEN for their ME 403 Instrumentation and Experiment Design course at Yeditepe University in Istanbul, Turkey. It details the design, construction, and testing of an air conditioning measurement device to measure temperature, pressure, velocity, and mass flow rate of air across a heating coil and cooling coil of an air handling unit. The device uses LM35 temperature sensors, a BMP180 pressure sensor, a TCRT5000 proximity sensor with a weathervane, an Arduino Uno microcontroller, and an LCD screen. Calibration procedures and uncertainty analysis were also
What is sensor and what are the types of sensor?Justengg1
A sensor is a device that helps to make advancements in electronic quantities and physical quantities and other quantities. It shall result in making progress by affirming yield. In Industrial automation, sensors play very important role by making the products intellectual and unusually automatic. There are four types of sensors. Temperature senssor, Pressure sensor, MEMS sensor and Torque sensor.
Auctioneering Control For Temperature Using LabVIEW.Amol Dudhate
Short Presentation about the B.Tech project that i have completed with my partners.
It includes one control loop of temperature control with auctioneering scheme interfaced with arduino and controlled through LabVIEW Programming.
Major Project Report on overheat and smoke detection with GSM module in final year of Undergraduate course in Electronics and Communication Engineering
PID-based temperature control device for electric kettleIJECEIAES
A normal electric kettle usually is intended to boil water until boiling point and cannot be controlled. Most of the kettle does not provide the temperature display for user to track the current temperature reading. Thus, this project is inspired from the shortcoming of most kettles that are sold at the market. By using Arduino microcontroller, a device is developed to control water temperature inside electric kettle. To provide automated temperature control, PID controller is chosen since it can provides precise water temperature control with less fluctuation. The device is also equipped with the display of the current water temperature and desired temperature. The device is tested to an electric kettle and the performance of PID controller in controlling water temperature is compared to on-off controller. An analysis is performed based on the amount of fluctuation with respect to desired temperature to verify the efficacy of the designed circuit and controller. It is found that the developed device and PID controller are capable to control the water temperature inside kettle based on the desired temperature set by user with less amount of fluctuation
Batch 12(temperature based fan speed control & monitor)gourishettyvivek
This document describes a student project to create a temperature-based fan speed control and monitoring system. The objectives are to measure room temperature, display the current temperature on an LCD screen, and vary the speed of a fan accordingly to reduce power consumption. The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller, LM35 temperature sensor, LCD display, and DC motor. As temperature increases, the fan speed increases automatically to control the room temperature. This project aims to automatically control fan speed based on temperature readings without manual intervention.
Bosch produces several automotive sensors that measure various parameters. This includes a steering wheel angle sensor that measures angles from -780 to 780 degrees using magnets and resistance changes. A yaw sensor measures vehicle rotation around the vertical axis using oscillating masses in a magnetic field to detect rotational movement. Rotational speed sensors use inductive proximity to generate an AC voltage from a rotating toothed ring to determine engine and wheel speeds. These sensors output analog or digital signals for various vehicle control systems.
This document describes an automatic fan and light controller project that uses a microcontroller to monitor temperature and light intensity in order to control a fan and lamp. It aims to reduce power consumption and assist disabled people. The system uses an Arduino board connected to sensors to measure temperature and light and control appliances via relays. It was found to potentially save 40% of energy consumption compared to uncontrolled fans and lights. The economic analysis showed the system would pay for itself within 6 months.
What is sensor and what are the types of sensor?Justengg1
A sensor is a device that helps to make advancements in electronic quantities and physical quantities and other quantities. It shall result in making progress by affirming yield. In Industrial automation, sensors play very important role by making the products intellectual and unusually automatic. There are four types of sensors. Temperature senssor, Pressure sensor, MEMS sensor and Torque sensor.
Auctioneering Control For Temperature Using LabVIEW.Amol Dudhate
Short Presentation about the B.Tech project that i have completed with my partners.
It includes one control loop of temperature control with auctioneering scheme interfaced with arduino and controlled through LabVIEW Programming.
Major Project Report on overheat and smoke detection with GSM module in final year of Undergraduate course in Electronics and Communication Engineering
PID-based temperature control device for electric kettleIJECEIAES
A normal electric kettle usually is intended to boil water until boiling point and cannot be controlled. Most of the kettle does not provide the temperature display for user to track the current temperature reading. Thus, this project is inspired from the shortcoming of most kettles that are sold at the market. By using Arduino microcontroller, a device is developed to control water temperature inside electric kettle. To provide automated temperature control, PID controller is chosen since it can provides precise water temperature control with less fluctuation. The device is also equipped with the display of the current water temperature and desired temperature. The device is tested to an electric kettle and the performance of PID controller in controlling water temperature is compared to on-off controller. An analysis is performed based on the amount of fluctuation with respect to desired temperature to verify the efficacy of the designed circuit and controller. It is found that the developed device and PID controller are capable to control the water temperature inside kettle based on the desired temperature set by user with less amount of fluctuation
Batch 12(temperature based fan speed control & monitor)gourishettyvivek
This document describes a student project to create a temperature-based fan speed control and monitoring system. The objectives are to measure room temperature, display the current temperature on an LCD screen, and vary the speed of a fan accordingly to reduce power consumption. The system uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller, LM35 temperature sensor, LCD display, and DC motor. As temperature increases, the fan speed increases automatically to control the room temperature. This project aims to automatically control fan speed based on temperature readings without manual intervention.
Bosch produces several automotive sensors that measure various parameters. This includes a steering wheel angle sensor that measures angles from -780 to 780 degrees using magnets and resistance changes. A yaw sensor measures vehicle rotation around the vertical axis using oscillating masses in a magnetic field to detect rotational movement. Rotational speed sensors use inductive proximity to generate an AC voltage from a rotating toothed ring to determine engine and wheel speeds. These sensors output analog or digital signals for various vehicle control systems.
This document describes an automatic fan and light controller project that uses a microcontroller to monitor temperature and light intensity in order to control a fan and lamp. It aims to reduce power consumption and assist disabled people. The system uses an Arduino board connected to sensors to measure temperature and light and control appliances via relays. It was found to potentially save 40% of energy consumption compared to uncontrolled fans and lights. The economic analysis showed the system would pay for itself within 6 months.
Arduino based automatic temperature controlled fan speed regulatorEdgefxkits & Solutions
Using an analog temperature LM35 interfaced to the built in ADC of a programmed Arduino to develop varying duty cycle of PWM output for a driver IC to run a DC motor automatically according to the sensed temperature at different speed based on the temperature sensed.
Temperature Control System Using Pid ControllerMasum Parvej
This document describes a temperature control system using a PID controller. It includes a block diagram and overall circuit diagram of the system. The system works by using a temperature sensor to provide feedback on the current temperature, which is compared to the setpoint temperature and used by the PID controller to regulate a heating element or fan to maintain the desired temperature. The document also discusses the PID tuning methods, applications of microcontrollers in temperature control, and concludes the system is able to accurately sense and maintain temperature using an LM35 temperature sensor and PIC16F873A microcontroller.
Shah2019 chapter an_arduinomicro-controlleroperaGodwinraj D
This document describes an automobile air conditioning system that uses an Arduino microcontroller for automation. Temperature sensors are attached to components like the evaporator, compressor, and condenser. The Arduino is used to automatically turn the system on and off at set time intervals and obtain temperature readings from the sensors. These readings are transferred to MS Excel using PLX-DAQ software where thermodynamic calculations are performed. The results show that the theoretical COP is twice the actual COP, and the theoretical second law efficiency is 36% higher than the actual value.
This document describes an automatic temperature-controlled fan project using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The fan will automatically turn on when the temperature reaches 35°C as measured by a temperature sensor, and will turn off again when the temperature drops below 35°C, in order to regulate the environment and reduce energy consumption. The system includes an Arduino, temperature sensor, LCD display, DC motor fan, battery power source, and connecting wires. Potential applications include use in homes and industries to assist people and save electricity by automating fan control based on temperature changes.
Warren Johnson invented the first modern sensor, an electric thermostat, in 1883. Samuel Bagno then invented the first motion sensor in the early 1950s for use in alarm systems, using ultrasonic frequencies and the Doppler effect. Sensors have since evolved for various uses such as temperature, light, humidity, vibration, gas, and motion detection in applications like vehicles, security systems, air traffic control, and more. Motion sensors in particular have military applications like land mines and helped track enemy movement in World War II.
This document describes an Arduino-based HVAC temperature controller project that aims to:
1. Simulate a constant air volume box with PWM floating duct control and create a temperature controller to regulate it.
2. Incorporate a user interface, temperature sensor, fan, heating coil, data logging, and wiring diagram.
3. Explain the Arduino code used for the power, fan, heating, temperature reading, setpoint, and duty cycle control logic.
Study the control of pneumatic cylinder (LabVIEW, Instrumentation)Mithun Chowdhury
This document describes an experiment on controlling a pneumatic cylinder using LabVIEW. The experiment uses a NI USB-6009 data acquisition card to control an Omron G3R solid state relay that regulates air flow to a 5/3-way valve controlling a pneumatic cylinder. A MTS 50 series magnetostrictive sensor measures the cylinder position. The LabVIEW block diagram and front panel show the analog output channels controlling the relay to move the cylinder between two positions. Diagrams show the components and overall experiment setup.
DESIGN OF TEMPERATURE BASED FAN SPEED CONTROL and MONITORING USING ARDUINORatnesh Kumar chaurasia
This practical temperature controller controls the temperature of any device according to its requirement for any industrial application, it also has a feature of remote speed control.
VB Engineering is pioneer in providing infrared thermography services to its clients. The infrared thermal imaging services provided by us are compliant with international standards and of world class quality. our infrared thermography analysis concentrates in the areas like predictive maintenance, safety of the equipment and people working around, improvement in the production and efficiency of the equipment. Visit the following link for more details.
http://www.vbengg.com/infrared-thermography-services-india.html
The need for power generation in India increases day by day due to various factors.
Nearly 70% of the power production is from the thermal power plants in various locations of the
country. Monitoring and control of these power plants at all times is a must, since these power
plants are operated continuously. Boiler is the major part of any thermal power plant. Hence
monitoring the boiler parameters such as temperature, pressure and humidity are of great
importance in power plant. It is not always possible for continuous monitoring in the plant
premises because of an unpleasant industrial environment. In this project it is proposed to
develop remote monitoring and control of boiler parameters using wireless communication. The
proposed method provides a complete solution for these constraints in remote monitoring by
using various sensors for temperature, pressure and humidity measurement. This method uses
Internet of Things (IoT) as the platform of communication. The proposed method also provides
an option for monitoring and control even in remote location in addition to the control room.
Internet of Things (IoT) will play a major role in the future concept of power plant integration.
The proposed method will suit and provide a start-up initiation for this future concept.
Temperature based fan speed control & monitoring usingJagannath Dutta
Our object of making this project is for reducing the power consumption. And also to assist people who are disabled and are unable to control the speed of fan.
Final Year Project Report on Dual Channel Home Appliance ControlEkram Bin Mamun
In the current revolution of digital world, people like convenience in using technology to make their life more easy and comfortable. People feels to control their home appliances like light, fan etc. in more convenient way rather than by switch board as they need walking across the room to either on or off such appliances. The varying line voltages due to use of backup power like IPS or generator and sudden change of weather at night during our sleep results cold related diseases like coughing and fever from high speed of fan. These cold related diseases due to these situations are very common for babies and old people. This project will remove these problems by giving constant fan speed even if the line voltage varies and by changing the fan speed with the change of ambient temperature. This system also has additional features like two different set of remote control system (IR and Bluetooth) embedded together and a 16x2 LCD display which shows various information like output voltage and room temperature.
AIM:
1. Make a DC motor work like a stepper - you input an angle the motor must turn to that angle. Use a feedback control system. Implement this in hardware, no simulations allowed.
2. Make a GUI with python using pyside2 library to control the motor over UART. The GUI must take the input angle and display the sensed angle from motor. A minimal GUI is acceptable; however, it must function as required.
3. Make a video demonstration and put the link in the document. Also describe what you did in less than 200 words, add screenshots of the GUI, and attach the code(s).
4. Research on non-contact temperature sensors and the types available for medical applications. Do a write up in about 250 words.
In this project the speed of the fan is varies depends upon the temperature of its environment. It is a fully automated system that works without human interaction.
IRJET- Pollution Monitoring and Controlling System using Internet of Thin...IRJET Journal
This document describes a pollution monitoring and controlling system using the Internet of Things (IoT). The system uses sensors to monitor air quality, sound levels, and temperature. It sends the sensor data to a microcontroller which then transmits the data over WiFi to the cloud. Users can then access the sensor data through a web browser to monitor pollution levels remotely. If pollution levels exceed thresholds, controlling devices like air filters or fans are activated to control pollution. The system aims to monitor pollution levels and control pollution in real-time using IoT to promote environmental health.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Report of Auctioneering Control For Temperature Using LabVIEW.Amol Dudhate
Report contains overall description about the project Auctioneering Control For Temperature Using LabVIEW.
The required software is LabVIEW and it is interfaced with arduino.
This document summarizes a project to design and test an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to be used on a low-cost UAV. An Arduino microcontroller and Sparkfun IMU containing an accelerometer and gyroscope were used. Objectives were to read sensor values, calibrate for gravity bias, filter noise, and integrate measurements to find position, velocity, and attitude over time. Software was developed using Arduino IDE to achieve the objectives. The IMU output predicted position within 3 degrees of actual attitude, and future work could implement more advanced filtering and sensor blending to improve results.
Arduino based automatic temperature controlled fan speed regulatorEdgefxkits & Solutions
Using an analog temperature LM35 interfaced to the built in ADC of a programmed Arduino to develop varying duty cycle of PWM output for a driver IC to run a DC motor automatically according to the sensed temperature at different speed based on the temperature sensed.
Temperature Control System Using Pid ControllerMasum Parvej
This document describes a temperature control system using a PID controller. It includes a block diagram and overall circuit diagram of the system. The system works by using a temperature sensor to provide feedback on the current temperature, which is compared to the setpoint temperature and used by the PID controller to regulate a heating element or fan to maintain the desired temperature. The document also discusses the PID tuning methods, applications of microcontrollers in temperature control, and concludes the system is able to accurately sense and maintain temperature using an LM35 temperature sensor and PIC16F873A microcontroller.
Shah2019 chapter an_arduinomicro-controlleroperaGodwinraj D
This document describes an automobile air conditioning system that uses an Arduino microcontroller for automation. Temperature sensors are attached to components like the evaporator, compressor, and condenser. The Arduino is used to automatically turn the system on and off at set time intervals and obtain temperature readings from the sensors. These readings are transferred to MS Excel using PLX-DAQ software where thermodynamic calculations are performed. The results show that the theoretical COP is twice the actual COP, and the theoretical second law efficiency is 36% higher than the actual value.
This document describes an automatic temperature-controlled fan project using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The fan will automatically turn on when the temperature reaches 35°C as measured by a temperature sensor, and will turn off again when the temperature drops below 35°C, in order to regulate the environment and reduce energy consumption. The system includes an Arduino, temperature sensor, LCD display, DC motor fan, battery power source, and connecting wires. Potential applications include use in homes and industries to assist people and save electricity by automating fan control based on temperature changes.
Warren Johnson invented the first modern sensor, an electric thermostat, in 1883. Samuel Bagno then invented the first motion sensor in the early 1950s for use in alarm systems, using ultrasonic frequencies and the Doppler effect. Sensors have since evolved for various uses such as temperature, light, humidity, vibration, gas, and motion detection in applications like vehicles, security systems, air traffic control, and more. Motion sensors in particular have military applications like land mines and helped track enemy movement in World War II.
This document describes an Arduino-based HVAC temperature controller project that aims to:
1. Simulate a constant air volume box with PWM floating duct control and create a temperature controller to regulate it.
2. Incorporate a user interface, temperature sensor, fan, heating coil, data logging, and wiring diagram.
3. Explain the Arduino code used for the power, fan, heating, temperature reading, setpoint, and duty cycle control logic.
Study the control of pneumatic cylinder (LabVIEW, Instrumentation)Mithun Chowdhury
This document describes an experiment on controlling a pneumatic cylinder using LabVIEW. The experiment uses a NI USB-6009 data acquisition card to control an Omron G3R solid state relay that regulates air flow to a 5/3-way valve controlling a pneumatic cylinder. A MTS 50 series magnetostrictive sensor measures the cylinder position. The LabVIEW block diagram and front panel show the analog output channels controlling the relay to move the cylinder between two positions. Diagrams show the components and overall experiment setup.
DESIGN OF TEMPERATURE BASED FAN SPEED CONTROL and MONITORING USING ARDUINORatnesh Kumar chaurasia
This practical temperature controller controls the temperature of any device according to its requirement for any industrial application, it also has a feature of remote speed control.
VB Engineering is pioneer in providing infrared thermography services to its clients. The infrared thermal imaging services provided by us are compliant with international standards and of world class quality. our infrared thermography analysis concentrates in the areas like predictive maintenance, safety of the equipment and people working around, improvement in the production and efficiency of the equipment. Visit the following link for more details.
http://www.vbengg.com/infrared-thermography-services-india.html
The need for power generation in India increases day by day due to various factors.
Nearly 70% of the power production is from the thermal power plants in various locations of the
country. Monitoring and control of these power plants at all times is a must, since these power
plants are operated continuously. Boiler is the major part of any thermal power plant. Hence
monitoring the boiler parameters such as temperature, pressure and humidity are of great
importance in power plant. It is not always possible for continuous monitoring in the plant
premises because of an unpleasant industrial environment. In this project it is proposed to
develop remote monitoring and control of boiler parameters using wireless communication. The
proposed method provides a complete solution for these constraints in remote monitoring by
using various sensors for temperature, pressure and humidity measurement. This method uses
Internet of Things (IoT) as the platform of communication. The proposed method also provides
an option for monitoring and control even in remote location in addition to the control room.
Internet of Things (IoT) will play a major role in the future concept of power plant integration.
The proposed method will suit and provide a start-up initiation for this future concept.
Temperature based fan speed control & monitoring usingJagannath Dutta
Our object of making this project is for reducing the power consumption. And also to assist people who are disabled and are unable to control the speed of fan.
Final Year Project Report on Dual Channel Home Appliance ControlEkram Bin Mamun
In the current revolution of digital world, people like convenience in using technology to make their life more easy and comfortable. People feels to control their home appliances like light, fan etc. in more convenient way rather than by switch board as they need walking across the room to either on or off such appliances. The varying line voltages due to use of backup power like IPS or generator and sudden change of weather at night during our sleep results cold related diseases like coughing and fever from high speed of fan. These cold related diseases due to these situations are very common for babies and old people. This project will remove these problems by giving constant fan speed even if the line voltage varies and by changing the fan speed with the change of ambient temperature. This system also has additional features like two different set of remote control system (IR and Bluetooth) embedded together and a 16x2 LCD display which shows various information like output voltage and room temperature.
AIM:
1. Make a DC motor work like a stepper - you input an angle the motor must turn to that angle. Use a feedback control system. Implement this in hardware, no simulations allowed.
2. Make a GUI with python using pyside2 library to control the motor over UART. The GUI must take the input angle and display the sensed angle from motor. A minimal GUI is acceptable; however, it must function as required.
3. Make a video demonstration and put the link in the document. Also describe what you did in less than 200 words, add screenshots of the GUI, and attach the code(s).
4. Research on non-contact temperature sensors and the types available for medical applications. Do a write up in about 250 words.
In this project the speed of the fan is varies depends upon the temperature of its environment. It is a fully automated system that works without human interaction.
IRJET- Pollution Monitoring and Controlling System using Internet of Thin...IRJET Journal
This document describes a pollution monitoring and controlling system using the Internet of Things (IoT). The system uses sensors to monitor air quality, sound levels, and temperature. It sends the sensor data to a microcontroller which then transmits the data over WiFi to the cloud. Users can then access the sensor data through a web browser to monitor pollution levels remotely. If pollution levels exceed thresholds, controlling devices like air filters or fans are activated to control pollution. The system aims to monitor pollution levels and control pollution in real-time using IoT to promote environmental health.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Report of Auctioneering Control For Temperature Using LabVIEW.Amol Dudhate
Report contains overall description about the project Auctioneering Control For Temperature Using LabVIEW.
The required software is LabVIEW and it is interfaced with arduino.
This document summarizes a project to design and test an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to be used on a low-cost UAV. An Arduino microcontroller and Sparkfun IMU containing an accelerometer and gyroscope were used. Objectives were to read sensor values, calibrate for gravity bias, filter noise, and integrate measurements to find position, velocity, and attitude over time. Software was developed using Arduino IDE to achieve the objectives. The IMU output predicted position within 3 degrees of actual attitude, and future work could implement more advanced filtering and sensor blending to improve results.
odometer and some terms in instrumentationBagja Tirta
The document discusses various measurement instruments and their characteristics. It defines an odometer as an instrument that measures distance traveled by vehicles. It also defines a tripmeter, which differs from an odometer in that it can be reset to measure individual trips or parts of a trip. It then lists and describes 14 different measurement instruments and their functions, including their accuracy, precision, range, resolution, and more. It provides photos of some of the instruments discussed.
odometer and some terms in istrumentationBagja Tirta
The document discusses various measurement instruments and their characteristics. It defines an odometer as an instrument that measures distance traveled by vehicles. It also defines a tripmeter, which differs from an odometer in that it can be reset to measure individual trips or parts of a trip. It then lists and describes 14 different measurement instruments and their functions, including thermocouples, RTDs, pressure transmitters, data loggers, valves, and analog-to-digital converters and digital-to-analog converters. It includes photos illustrating some of these instruments.
The document describes an automatic DC fan controller project using a thermistor. The project involves designing a circuit that can automatically control the speed of a DC fan based on temperature readings from a thermistor. The circuit uses an LM741 operational amplifier, NTC thermistor, resistors, and other components. As temperature increases, the thermistor's resistance decreases, causing the fan speed to increase accordingly to regulate the temperature. The document provides details of the circuit design and components, working principle, testing and potential applications of the automatic temperature-controlled fan system.
This document discusses different types of comparators used to measure dimensions. It describes mechanical, mechanical-optical, electrical, pneumatic, fluid displacement, projection, multi-check comparators, and automatic gauging machines. Comparators indicate differences between a workpiece and standard, rather than providing an actual measurement. They must provide accurate, fast readings and withstand temperature changes. Projection comparators enlarge shadows for complex part inspection. Multi-check comparators simultaneously measure multiple dimensions for efficiency. Automatic gauging machines continuously transport and inspect parts to identify defects.
What is Sensor and what are types of Sensor?Justengg1
A sensor is a device that helps to make advancements in electronic quantities and physical quantities and other quantities. It shall result in making progress by affirming yield. In Industrial automation, sensors play very important role by making the products intellectual and unusually automatic. There are four types of sensors used in Industrial Automation. Temperature sensor, Pressure sensor, MEMS sensor and Torque sensor.
This document contains information about a project submitted by Al Mamun Parvez to Jahangirnagar University in partial fulfillment of a BSc degree in IT. The project is supervised by Zamshed Iqbal Chowdhury. The document includes a declaration page, acceptance page, acknowledgements, abstract, table of contents, and introduction to components used in the project. The project involves designing an automatic fan control system using a thermistor for temperature control.
This document describes a student project to redesign the Buchholz relay, which protects transformers, using a microcontroller. The students faced challenges in designing the relay to accommodate sensors and calibrating the sensors. They overcame issues with sensor output and interfacing through circuit designs and guidance from mentors. Testing showed the redesigned relay successfully monitored pressure and temperature inside the transformer and triggered alarms when thresholds were exceeded, addressing disadvantages of the conventional mechanical relay.
This presentation is all about my working experience at iljin electronics pvt ltd. and its all about the working of IQC department of electronics industry.
What is sensor and what are the types of sensor?Sage Automation
A sensor is a device that helps to make advancements in electronic quantities and physical quantities and other quantities. It shall result in making progress by affirming yield. In Industrial automation, sensors play very important role by making the products intellectual and unusually automatic. There are four types of sensor used in Industrial Automation. Temperature sensor, Pressure sensor, MEMS senor and Torque sensor.
What is Sensor and what arethe types of Sensor?Sage Automation
A sensor is a device that helps to make advancements in electronic quantities and physical quantities and other quantities. It shall result in making progress by affirming yield. In Industrial automation, sensors play very important role by making the products intellectual and unusually automatic. There are four types of sensors used in Industrial Automation. Temperature sensor, Pressure sensor, MEMS sensor and Torque sensor.
A development of hybrid temperature recorder monitoring systemkuku001
This document describes the development of a hybrid temperature recorder monitoring system. The system was created to allow remote monitoring of temperature calibration processes in burn-in chambers used to test hard disk drives (HDDs). Previously, an engineer had to manually monitor printed temperatures on-site, but the new system transmits temperature data wirelessly to a central server for real-time remote monitoring. It analyzes requirements, designs system components like use case and class diagrams, and implements a prototype. The system aims to address issues with the previous manual monitoring approach.
This document provides an overview of instrumentation and measurement concepts. It discusses that instrumentation deals with measurement techniques and measuring devices. Measurement involves comparing an unknown quantity to a standard.
A measurement system consists of various elements including a primary sensing element to detect the measured quantity, a transducer to convert it to another form, and elements for signal manipulation, transmission, processing, presentation and storage. Measurement methods can be direct, comparing the measured quantity directly to a standard, or indirect, using a measurement system with multiple elements. Measurements are used for process monitoring, control and experimental analysis.
AIR AND SOUND POLLUTION MONITORING SYSTEM USING IOTIRJET Journal
This document describes an air and sound pollution monitoring system using IoT. The system uses various sensors to monitor air quality, sound levels, temperature, humidity and carbon dioxide levels in an area. It collects data from the sensors and transmits it to a central server via an Arduino microcontroller and WiFi module. The system then analyzes the data and can automatically operate devices like an air purifier or close windows using a servo motor to reduce pollution levels based on the sensor readings in real-time. The data is also displayed on an app to provide live pollution monitoring and alerts to users and policymakers.
Temperature dependent fan controller using ardiunoraushansingh56
The document describes a project to create a temperature dependent fan controller using an Arduino. It includes a circuit diagram and descriptions of the hardware used, including an Arduino board, LCD display, LM35 temperature sensor, motor, and other components. The system automatically controls fan speed based on readings from the temperature sensor and displays status on the LCD. It is intended to maintain comfortable temperatures by optimizing fan speed and energy consumption.
Implementation of redundancy in the effective regulation of temperature in an...IOSR Journals
This document presents a new mechanism for ensuring reliable temperature measurement in a baby incubator using sensor redundancy. It proposes using dual hardware sensors, analytical redundancy by comparing measurements to an estimated model, and temporal redundancy by incorporating past measurements. Tests showed the solution reduces transient faults and failures in sensors. The key aspects are combining hardware, analytical, and temporal redundancy to provide precise and efficient temperature measurement for baby incubators where error is not tolerated.
Hướng dẫn sử dụng máy đo nhiệt độ hồng ngoại Testo 845Tenmars Việt Nam
Hướng dẫn sử dụng máy đo nhiệt độ hồng ngoại Testo 845 đo nhiệt độ nguồn nhiệt bằng cảm biến hồng ngoại
Nhiệt kế hồng ngoại Testo 845: https://testostore.vn/san-pham/nhiet-ke-hong-ngoai-testo-845-hm/
Máy đo nhiệt độ hồng ngoại: https://testostore.vn/danh-muc/do-nhiet-do-do-am/
liên hệ:CÔNG TY TNHH TMDV CÔNG NGHỆ TK
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HOTLINE: 0914222214
WEBSITE: https://testostore.vn hoặc https://tenmars.vn
Condition based monitoring of rotating machines using piezoelectric materialeSAT Publishing House
This document summarizes a study on using piezoelectric materials to monitor the condition of rotating machines. Piezoelectric crystals generate voltage when subjected to vibration or strain. The document details how piezoelectric sensors were attached to a lathe machine to measure voltages from vibrations during different operations. Voltage readings were taken and calibration curves were generated to relate voltages to frequencies for condition monitoring. The results demonstrate the potential of using inexpensive piezoelectric sensors as an alternative to conventional vibration sensors for machine monitoring.
Micro processor based temperature controller on power transistorseSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Similar to Air Conditioning Measurement Device (20)
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1. YEDITEPE UNIVERSITY, ISTANBUL
Air Conditioning Measurement Device
ME 403 Instrumentation and Experiment Design
Term Project Report
Fall 2014
Group 3B
Berk KÖTEŞLİ
Göksenin ÖZKAN
Salih GÜVEN
Department: Mechanical Engineering
ME 403
Instructor: Asst. Prof. A. Bahadır OLCAY
Asst. Prof. Nezih TOPALOĞLU
Asst. Prof. Koray K. ŞAFAK
02.01.2015
2. II
Letter of Authorization
ME 403 Term Project Report
APPROVED BY:
Asst. Prof. A. Bahadır OLCAY :…………………………………………
Asst. Prof. Nezih TOPALOĞLU :………………………………………..
Asst. Prof. Koray K. ŞAFAK : ……………………………………...……
STUDENT NAME:
Berk KÖTEŞLİ: ...........................................................................................
Göksenin ÖZKAN: ………………………………………………………..
Salih GÜVEN: ............................................................................................
DEPARTMENT:
Mechanical Engineering
DATE OF APPROVAL: 02.01.2015
3. III
Table of Contents
1. Objectives ………………………………………….……………………………..…….…1
2. Introduction......................……………………………………………………….………...2
3. Mechanical Design……………………………………………………...……………...…3
4. Procedure …………………………………………………...………………………...….7
5. Instruments and Wiring ………..……………………………...……..……………..……8
6. Calibration ………..…………………...…………………………..…………………....18
7. Codes of the System…………………………………………………………………...…20
8. Uncertainty Analysis….…………………………………………………………...……..24
9. Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………....27
10. References ………………………………………………………………………………28
4. 1
1. Objectives
Air conditioning systems are one of the most crucial, indispensable and commonly
used systems in large buildings and structures such as shopping malls, business centers,
hospitals etc. Therefore, delivering the right amount of air at desired temperature and flow
rate and efficiency of the air conditioning system plays very important role to provide
comfortable and required environment conditions to people who make various activities in the
buildings. For that reasons, several sensor are used in the system to check the air conditions in
each part of the system and control the air conditioning system to provide desired air when
heating and cooling coils of the system works properly. Aim of this project, a compact device
will be designed and built to check and measure the temperature, pressure, velocity and mass
flow rate of the air across the heating coil and cooling coil of an air handling unit. Also,
instantaneous data of the temperature, pressure, velocity and mass flow rate will be read and
after the analyzing process, each data which come from the sensors will be transferred to the
Arduino microcontroller which is located into the device and average, maximum and
minimum values of the data will be calculated and shown. Thus, according to data of the
measurements, air handling unit can be controlled or calibrated. Also, uncertainty analysis
will be completed to observe the reliability interval of the measurements.
5. 2
2. Introduction
For the selecting right equipment and sensor to measure the system conditions
correctly and in a portable way according to adequate and expected accuracy interval, a
comprehensive research have been completed to select sensors and part of the devices. Three
useful and easily purchasable sensors and equipment have been purchased to build our device.
Firstly, to measure the temperature, pressure, velocity and mass flow rate, commonly used
and cheap equipment was purchased by considering accuracy interval. However, because of
measuring the mass flow rate by using sensor or device in our air conditioning system would
be too expensive or inefficient, mass flow rate will be calculated theoretically by using
velocity of the air and geometry of the system. Also Arduino microcontroller was purchased
to control all sensors which are connected to Arduino and data will be processed and
calculations will be completed by using Arduino microcontroller. Data will be shown on the
monitor which is located on the device. All details about the sensor and parts of the devices
are shown in the next part of the report
6. 3
3. MechanicalDesign
In this part of the report mechanical design criteria of the device is explained. Firstly,
when the project details were announced, design criteria of the device were started to create.
Measurement device should have been portable, compact, economical and device should have
been controlled easily and used in various working areas. Also, it should have been built by
using factory made products. It means that, all components must be purchasable and
economical. There must be no handmade component in device because of the fact that,
repairing and replacement of the parts of the device must be done easily. First 3D design of
the device which is also shown in survey report is shown below.
Figure 3.1: First 3D model of device
First 3D model was drawn in Solidworks software and it can be produced as
handmade. However, according to design motto, there must be no handmade component in
the device. So, a new design of the device was created by using purchasable equipment. Final
Mechanical design of the device is shown in figures.
7. 4
Figure 3.2: 3D model of the device (Solidworks)
Figure 3.3: Front view
Figure 3.4: Top view
Figure 3.5: Left view
8. 5
Figure 3.6: Final design of device (real)
Figure 3.7: Top view of the device
9. 6
Figure 3.8: Front view of the device
In final design of the measurement device, all criteria and mottos were reached. Device
was built and became ready to measurement as compact, portable, efficient, economical, able
to work all sensors together in various working areas. It can be work by using 9V battery or
USB cable with energy supplier.
10. 7
4. Procedure
In this part of the report, procedure is shown below as step by step.
After informing about project details and objectives, sensors and equipment were
investigated widely.
According to objectives, temperature, pressure and air velocity measurements would
be accomplished. Then, air flow rate of the system would be determined by using air
velocity measurements and geometry of the air handling unit.
Most efficient, compatible and economical sensors, microprocessor and screen which
were the fundamental instruments of the device were selected by considering accuracy
interval that is suitable for our requirement of the device.
According to our criteria and mottos, for building a compact device, all sensors
worked together in only one run.
Codes of each sensor were written in Ardunio Software.
Device became ready to measure temperature, pressure and air velocity.
After that part sensors were calibrated by using different methods. For LM35
temperature sensors calibration, ice-water mixture was used. For BMP180 pressure
sensor which has already been calibrated, sensor was checked at the sea level. For
TCRT5000 sensor which was used for measuring air velocity and air flow rate, wind
tunnel at the laboratory was used.
After the calibration, device was tested and confirmed the measurements results.
According to design criteria, device should have been compact. Therefore, all
instruments have been gathered in box.
Device was built as working with 9V battery or USB cable. Also all measurements can
be controlled and started using on-off button. Then measurements can be checked on
screen.
For velocity measurements, a wooden stick was built whose size is compatible with air
handling unit.TCRT5000 and weathervane fixed on it. Also measurements can be
done each part of the unit by changing the position of the weathervane and sensor.
Finally, device and all other instruments were connected and device was set into
operation as a whole and measurements were started. After the final testing, device
ready to measuring successfully.
For each sensor and conditions, uncertainty calculations were completed.
11. 8
5. Instruments and Wiring
At the beginning of this project, detailed market search, internet search was done and
this search was indicated in the survey report. After this search, three different options were
determined for each sensor type, board type and these options were compared in the survey
report. The most important parameters to choose sensors are economy and accuracy. After
that, coherence between sensors and microcontroller board was also checked. Ultimately, the
most suitable ones were chosen. All instruments were shown below.
Experimental Setup and Equipment;
LM35 : Temperature Sensor
BMP180 : Pressure Sensor
TCRT5000: Proximity Sensor, Weathervane
Arduino Uno: Single-board microcontroller
Jumper Wires
Bread board
16 x 4 LCD Screen
9 V Battery
15 Watt Standard Adapter Box
12. 9
5.1 LM35
LM35 (Figure 5.1) was used as the temperature
sensor of our project. Although LM35 is the most
economical sensor, this sensor provides all desired features
including working perfectly with Arduino Uno.
Additionally, there are several accessible sources on the
measurement is determining the temperature difference
between heat resistors in the air handling unit. One of the
temperature sensors was placed in front of the heat
resistors and other one was placed at the internet about
LM35. These sources help very much especially at
connection part.
Figure 5.1: LM35 Temp. Sensor
The main features of LM35 related with our project are like that;
Able to work in −55˚ to +150˚C range
Able to operate in 4 – 30 V interval ( Suitable for Arduino Uno)
0.5˚C accuracy
Low-self heating (Due to low-self heating there is no concern about at working
high temperatures.)
Economical (3 TL)
Two LM35 temperature sensors were used for this project since the aim of the
measurement is determining the temperature difference between heat resistors in the air
handling unit. One of the temperature sensors was placed in front of the heat resistors and
other one was placed at the back of these heat resistors. Thus, measuring two different
temperatures from two different parts of the air-handling unit were completed.
13. 10
5.2 BMP 180
The market of the cheap pressure sensors is very narrow in Turkey. Despite this
narrowness, BMP series barometric pressure sensors satisfy us and all sensors of BMP series
provide all desired features. Therefore, the main parameter among the BMP series pressure
sensors is the cost. Because of this, BMP 180(Figure 5.2) was selected as the pressure sensor.
It is 10 TL that is significantly cheaper than the other pressure sensors such as BMP 085.
.
Figure 5.2 : BMP 180 Pressure Sensor
The major feature that provides all requirements is like that;
Able to work in wide pressure range 300 - 1100hPa (1 hPa = 100 Pa)
Able to operate in 1.8 – 3.6 V interval (Suitable for Arduino Uno)
Factory-calibrated
Including a temperature sensor
The first goal of the project is measuring the pressure in the air- handling unit,
although instant pressure difference was tried to measure as the second - goal, when the
deadline was come closer. Because of the late informing about second-goal, this goal was
cancelled by the instructor. In addition, our group was able to accomplish this goal, but a
switch that is not economical for connecting to the Arduino Uno must be bought and the
remaining time to deadline was not enough for doing demo about that.
14. 11
Figure 5.3 : Red circle shows the location of the BMP 180 in the air-handling unit
As shown in Figure 5.3 , BMP 180 was placed after the heating resistors and
before the fan.
5.3 TCRT5000 and Weathervane
Actually, TCRT5000 (Figure 5.4) is a proximity sensor
that measures distance. In this project, this proximity sensor
was used with different working principle. The eyesight of this
sensor is between 0.2 mm and 1.5 mm. According to this
information, new working principle for TCRT5000 was formed
like that if the propeller of the weathervane (Figure 5.5) is in
TCRT5000’s eyesight, it must be counted, so RPM of the
weathervane can be found .In other words, TCRT5000 was
sticked at the back of the weathervane (Figure 5.6) and it
counts all passes of the propellers to measure the RPM of the
weathervane. Figure 5.4 : TCRT 5000
15. 12
Figure 5.5 : Weathervane Figure 5.6 : TCRT5000 and Weathervane
RPM can be converted to velocity and mass flow rate of air can be found.Converting
RPM to velocity is done with a equation that was found in the calibration part.This part was
explained detailly in the calibration part of this report.
The price of TCRT5000 is 7 TL and the price of the weathervane is just 2 TL. This is
the one of the cheapest measurement type.
TCRT5000 and weathervane combination was located in front of the fan in the air-
handling unit.(Figure 5.7)
Figure 5.7 : Weathervane was placed in front of the fan/compressor.
16. 13
5.4 Arduino Uno
Arduino Uno (Figure 5.8) was selected as the microcontroller – board for this project.
It is an economical solution (35 TL) and compatible with all sensors that were chosen. Also,
Arduino Uno is the most common microcontroller board and mini/portable device that was
wanted.
Figure 5.8: Arduino Uno
The significant properties of Arduino Uno were shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Arduino Uno was connected to computer via USB connection.Therefore, Arduino Uno
was controlled from computer via Arduino Software and codes were uploaded to
board.Arduino Software is an application that provides writing a code and uploading it to the
board.Wiring diagram of sensors and Arduino Uno was shown in experimental setup part of
this report.Also, codes were indicated in codes part of this report.
Microcontroller ATmega328
InputVoltage (recommended) 7 - 12 V
InputVoltage (limit) 6 - 20 V
OperatingVoltage 5 V
DigitanI/OPins 14
AnalogInputPins 6
DC Currentper I/OPin 40 mA
DC Currentfor 3.3V Pin 50 mA
FlashMemory 32 KB
ClockSpeed 16 MHz
17. 14
5.5 Jumper Wires
Jumper wires (Figure 5.9) were used to make connection between sensors and the
microcontroller board.These wires are easy-to-connect type cables.
Figure 5.9: Jumper Wires
5.6 Bread Board
Bread boards (Figure 5.10) that are used to make electronic prototypes are quite
expensive plastic rectangular tool.Working principle of bread board is that the vertical
columns on the bread board are connected to the same conductor , so electricity circuit can be
prepared easily with increased hole numbers.
Figure 5.10 : Bread Board
5.7 LCD Screen
16 x 4 Lcd screen (Figure 5.11) was used to show the measurements.
Figure 5.11 : LCD
Screen
18. 15
Figure 5.12 : Device with Connected Sensors
At the end of this project, air conditioning measurement device was set on to air-
handling unit in thermodynamics lab.Temperature difference, pressure , velocity , mass flow
in the air-handling unit can be measured at the same time via our device as shown in
Figure 5.13.
Figure 5.13 : Air Conditioning Measurement Device on the Air-Handling Unit
19. 16
5.8 Adapter Box
This equipment was used as outer case of the device.Except for sensors, all other
instruments are placed into this box which is shown below.
Figure 5.14 : Adapter box – Outer case of the device
20. 17
Wiring:
In this part, wiring of the device is shown below.All connectoions between sensors,
LCD, battery, Arduino and breadboard are monitored in Figure 5.15. Device can be used by
using 9V battery or USB cable. It means that, in terms of portability, device can be used 9V
battery, but in terms of efficiency and economical reasons, device can be used by using USB
connection.
Figure 5.15 : Wiring diagram of the measurement device
Figure 5.15 : Wiring schema of the device
LM35 (1) LM35 (2) BMP180 TCRT5000
SDA SCL GND VIN D0 VCC GND
5V A0 GND 5V A1 GND A4 A5 GND 3.3V 2 3 4
Figure 5.16 : Wiring orientation of sensor extension socket
21. 18
6. Calibration
6.1 LM35 Calibration
The safest calibration method for LM35 is done with ice-water mixture.If it is done
with kettle some safety problems may be occured.Therefore, this way was chosen.
LM35 was dropped in the cup that was filled with ice-water mixture.When the balance
between water and ice was observed, LM35 was indicated as 0 ˚C which is the melting point
of ice.Although LM35 was come fully-calibrated , calibration was checked with this
way.(Figure 6.1)
Figure 6.1 : LM35 Calibration
6.2 BMP 180 Calibration
BMP 180 was come fully-calibrated, it gives reliable results.In spite of coming fully-
calibrated,calibration of BMP 180 was checked at the sea level.It indicated 101326 Pa at the
sea level at the Uskudar Coast.
6.3 TCRT5000 Calibration
TCRT5000 is used to calculate/measure RPM of the weathervane, but the requirement
of this project is not calculating RPM.That’s why,weathervane with TCRT5000 needs a
calibration to find each velocity value for each RPM. After this, mass flow can be calculated
easily.
22. 19
Figure 6.2: Weathervane in the Wind Tunnel
TCRT5000 was calibrated in the wind tunnel (Figure 6.2). Instant Hz. value in the
wind tunnel was measured by pitot tube in the wind tunnel and sent to excel on the
computer.These Hz. values was converted to velocity on excel.At the same time RPM of
weathervane was measuring.This procedure was done for various Hz. Values.At the end of
the calibration, RPM values and velocity values were gathered in one excel document and
Graph 1 was plotted as Velocity vs. RPM . Third order equation that was shown in Graph 1
was occured after third order polynomial trendline was plotted.Founded equation was put in
our code. Instant RPM values are put in this equation, so velocity can be calculated through
this equation. Mass flow can be found with this procedure.Q = V.A equation where “A = 0.29
m x 0.29 m” is used to calculate mass flow. Some Velocity-RPM values was shown in Table
2.
Graph 1:Velocity vs. RPM
y = -2E-10x3 + 2E-06x2 - 0,0005x
R² = 0,9788
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
Velocity(m/s)
RPM
Velocity vs. RPM RPM velocity(m/s)
0 0
962,17 0,67
1238,90 1,12
1291,53 1,60
1435,09 2,08
1584,67 2,61
1766,30 3,09
1871,59 3,62
2075,90 4,12
2305,38 4,60
2496,19 5,16
2639,45 5,67
2733,49 6,25
2731,27 6,76
2701,28 7,18
Table 2
23. 20
7. Codes ofthe System
In this part of the report, codes which were used in Arduino Microprocessor for
measurements are shown below.
27. 24
8. Uncertainty Analysis
In this part uncertainty analysis was done for Reynolds number because the velocity
sensor is hand made. Reynolds Number contains three different parameters. These parameters
are velocity, diameter and kinematic viscosity.
First of all, velocity sensor is hand made so there is not any data about uncertainty of
this sensor. Thus, 80 data were taken in air handling unit at 10 Hz fan speed for calculating
uncertainty for velocity.
Secondly, the uncertainty of diameter must be calculated. Our air handling unit has
square profile thereby according to knowledge of Fluid Mechanics; the Hydraulic Diameter
calculation is needed. After the Hydraulic Diameter calculation, the uncertainty analysis for
diameter is finished.
Lastly, Kinematic Viscosity was found from dry air properties table for 20oC. The
uncertainty about Kinematic Viscosity is coming from temperature measurement. However,
when the values of Kinematic Viscosity checked for 19.5o C and 20.5oC there was no
necessary change (9x10-8). Thus, the Kinematic Viscosity value at 20oC can be used directly
at calculations.
Velocity Uncertainty :
Figure 8.1 : The Velocity vs # of Data
30. 27
9. Conclusion
The major aim of this project is making a device that can measure temperature
difference, pressure, velocity and mass flow in the air-handling unit. Fortunately, all of these
aims were achieved. Firstly, temperature difference between the heating resistors in the air-
handling unit can be measured with two LM35 temperature sensors which were located in
front of and at the back of the heat resistors.
Secondly, pressure can be measured easily through BMP 180 and if it is needed BMP
180 can be placed another place, so pressure difference can be observed like that. As it is said
in Instruments/BMP 180 part, two BMP 180 sensors could not be used due to late informing
about pressure difference goal. Additionally, Arduino Uno needs a switch that is not suitable
to run two BMP 180. Despite these drawbacks; our group was able to run two BMP 180 at the
same time if our group had more time to deadline. At least, pressure difference can be
observed with one BMP 180, because our device is very compact and mobile, so it can carry
easily.
Next, mass flow and velocity in the air-handling unit can be seen with the RPM of the
calibrated weathervane. TCRT5000 and Weathervane combination was located in front of the
compressor/fan to measure RPM of the air in the air-handling unit. These RPM values that are
taken from TCRT5000 are used to find velocity and mass flow. Thus, RPM is converted to
velocity and mass flow with the help of the velocity vs RPM graph which was plotted after
calibration. Calibration is the most important part of this measurement type since this
measurement type was created from scratch. Calibration was really needed to find each
velocity, mass flow value for each measured RPM. Only counting RPM specifies nothing.
After calibration, RPM values are meaningful now.
Finally, uncertainity analysis was done for system. In this system, uncertainity of all
sensors were known. However, velocity measurement sensor was handmade thereby there is
not any meaningful knowledge about uncertainity. For this reason, uncertainity analysis was
done for Reynolds Number that contains velocity, diameter and kinematic viscosity. Here, the
key point is velocity. The fluctuation of the velocity was found to determine the uncertainity
of the velocity measurement. Then, uncertainity for diameter was found. In addition, there
was no need to include uncertainity of kinematic viscosity because a 1oC difference in
temperature made 9x10-8 change in viscosity there by it was really unnecessary for
calculations. With all these knowledge uncertainity analysis was done successfully.
Actually, all of these goals were achieved in this project. Additionally, device was
designed carefully and it is compact, easy-to-use; it has just one button and one screen on it,
portable; it can be carried everywhere and sensors are removable. Also, our device can run all
sensors at the same time, so all measurements can be taken simultaneously.
31. 28
10. References
[1] Arduino http://www.arduino.cc/
[2] Fritzing Software http://fritzing.org/home/
[3] LM35 Data Sheet
http://pdf.datasheetcatalog.com/datasheet/nationalsemiconductor/DS005516.PDF
[4] TCRT 5000 Data Sheet http://www.vishay.com/docs/83760/tcrt5000.pdf
[5] BMP180 Data Sheet https://ae-
bst.resource.bosch.com/media/products/dokumente/bmp180/BST-BMP180-DS000-09.pdf