A water turbine is one of the most important parts to generate electricity in hydroelectric power plants. The generation of hydroelectric power is relatively cheaper than the power generated by other sources. There are various types of turbines such as Pelton Turbine, Cross flow Turbine, and Francis Turbine which are being used in Myanmar. In this paper, one of the hydroelectric power plant which is used Vertical Francis Turbine type. The Francis turbine is one of the powerful turbine types. Francis Turbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James Bicheno Francis. Hydroelectric Power Plant, Thaukyegat No.2, is selected to design the runner. This Vertical Francis Turbine is designed to produce 40 MW electric powers from the head of 65 m and flow rate of 70.10m3 s. The design parameters of 40 MW Vertical Francis Turbine runner's diameter, height, elevation, shaft, numbers of blades and blade angles are calculated. The initial value of turbine output is assumed as 94 . The number of guide blades and runner blades are also assumed. The detailed design calculations of the runner are carried out. Moreover, the selection of the turbine type according to the head, the flow rate and the power are also performed. Kyi Pyar Oo | Khaing Zar Nyunt | Ei Cho Cho Theik "Design Calculation of 40 MW Francis Turbine (Runner)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26412.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26412/design-calculation-of-40-mw-francis-turbine-runner/kyi-pyar-oo
from this ppt you can almost aware about the operation of hydraulic turbines and various specification releated to it...
if you want to attains the knowledge about the turbines then must watch this ppt,... thankyou!
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from this ppt you can almost aware about the operation of hydraulic turbines and various specification releated to it...
if you want to attains the knowledge about the turbines then must watch this ppt,... thankyou!
if you want to follow me on twitter then contact me at
ishantgautam51@yahoo.com
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hi, I am sujon I just completed graduate at International University of Business Agriculture and Technology in Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering
Design Calculation of Penstock and Nozzle for 5kW Pelton Turbine Micro Hydrop...ijtsrd
This paper provides to design penstock and nozzle for 5kW Pelton turbine micro hydropower plant for household applications. The other objective of this paper is to develop the life inhabitant living in rural areas by the supply of required electricity from the natural resources of water to provide the development of design calculation of penstock, to reduce the environmental fuel. Water from the storage reservoir is flow through penstock to the power house. Penstocks carry the water under pressure from the storage reservoir to the turbine. When the turbine is operating without a correct penstock, the required power cannot be produced efficiency since water coming from penstock is not capable to reach into the runner in full amount due to splash sideways due to friction. Therefore selection of material of penstock is necessary to install in the turbine. In this paper, the basic theory of hydropower penstock and nozzle are calculated. Zin Mar Chan "Design Calculation of Penstock and Nozzle for 5kW Pelton Turbine Micro Hydropower Plant" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26552.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26552/design-calculation-of-penstock-and-nozzle-for-5kw-pelton-turbine-micro-hydropower-plant/zin-mar-chan
Design and Fabrication of Runner Blades of Cross Flow Turbineijtsrd
This paper describes the design and fabrication of runner blades for cross flow turbine is presented. In this paper, the cross flow turbine's runner is designed to produce 100 W electric powers from head of 4 m and the flow rate of 0.004 m ^3 s. For the given capacity and head of the turbine, the dimensions of runner diameter and width 265 mm and 132 mm is obtained respectively. The detail design calculation of the runner is described in this thesis. It is applicable to wide range of flow rate adjusting the runner length. The term hydropower refers to shaft power generated by converting potential and kinetic energy of power. By using water power, the generation of electrical power is well known and widely used throughout the world. In hydropower plant, water turbine is one of the most important parts for generating electricity. This paper is to fulfill the required electricity in rural area. Ma Thu Zar Win | Ma Myat Win Khaing | Ma Yi Yi Khin "Design and Fabrication of Runner Blades of Cross-Flow Turbine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27990.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/27990/design-and-fabrication-of-runner-blades-of-cross-flow-turbine/ma-thu-zar-win
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hi, I am sujon I just completed graduate at International University of Business Agriculture and Technology in Bangladesh Department of Mechanical Engineering
Design Calculation of Penstock and Nozzle for 5kW Pelton Turbine Micro Hydrop...ijtsrd
This paper provides to design penstock and nozzle for 5kW Pelton turbine micro hydropower plant for household applications. The other objective of this paper is to develop the life inhabitant living in rural areas by the supply of required electricity from the natural resources of water to provide the development of design calculation of penstock, to reduce the environmental fuel. Water from the storage reservoir is flow through penstock to the power house. Penstocks carry the water under pressure from the storage reservoir to the turbine. When the turbine is operating without a correct penstock, the required power cannot be produced efficiency since water coming from penstock is not capable to reach into the runner in full amount due to splash sideways due to friction. Therefore selection of material of penstock is necessary to install in the turbine. In this paper, the basic theory of hydropower penstock and nozzle are calculated. Zin Mar Chan "Design Calculation of Penstock and Nozzle for 5kW Pelton Turbine Micro Hydropower Plant" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26552.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26552/design-calculation-of-penstock-and-nozzle-for-5kw-pelton-turbine-micro-hydropower-plant/zin-mar-chan
Design and Fabrication of Runner Blades of Cross Flow Turbineijtsrd
This paper describes the design and fabrication of runner blades for cross flow turbine is presented. In this paper, the cross flow turbine's runner is designed to produce 100 W electric powers from head of 4 m and the flow rate of 0.004 m ^3 s. For the given capacity and head of the turbine, the dimensions of runner diameter and width 265 mm and 132 mm is obtained respectively. The detail design calculation of the runner is described in this thesis. It is applicable to wide range of flow rate adjusting the runner length. The term hydropower refers to shaft power generated by converting potential and kinetic energy of power. By using water power, the generation of electrical power is well known and widely used throughout the world. In hydropower plant, water turbine is one of the most important parts for generating electricity. This paper is to fulfill the required electricity in rural area. Ma Thu Zar Win | Ma Myat Win Khaing | Ma Yi Yi Khin "Design and Fabrication of Runner Blades of Cross-Flow Turbine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27990.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/27990/design-and-fabrication-of-runner-blades-of-cross-flow-turbine/ma-thu-zar-win
3kw Propeller Turbine Blade Design Based on Tidal Rangeijtsrd
Tidal energy is a largely untapped, renewable energy source based on lunar gravitation rather than solar radiation. The generation of electricity from tides is very similar to hydroelectric generation. Tidal energy is clean and not depleting. The tidal schemes may be of single pool or double pool or multi pool. Two types of tidal power plant are barrage style tidal power plant and tidal current power plant. Among them, barrage style tidal power plant was chosen to suit local condition and facilities in Myanmar. Several different turbine configuration are possible. The propeller turbine designed is based on tidal head and flow rate of Kanbalar Creek. The maximum and minimum head of tidal range is 5 m and 2 m. The available flow rate is 0.46 m3 s. The type of turbine is chosen by using 2 m head and 0.46 m3 s flow rate. Therefore, 3 kW propeller turbine is designed in this paper. Then, calculated runner diameter is 280 mm, hub diameter is 112 mm and number of blade is four. Two dimensional blade profile is calculated by using MATLAB program software and drawn AutoCAD software. Ei Ei Mon "3kw Propeller Turbine Blade Design Based on Tidal Range" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26365.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26365/3kw-propeller-turbine-blade-design-based-on-tidal-range/ei-ei-mon
This paper describes the design and analyzes the Pelton wheel for generating power of 400 Watt. A Pelton wheel is considered as an impulse turbine, a turbine that converts pressure head into velocity head. This thesis is to calculate the input power, output power, buckets and speed ratio, length of belt and efficiency of the turbine. The turbine with a jet diameter of 0.0254 m has been designed for the operational conditions of the Pelton wheel installed at the Mone Ta Wa Cave, Ayetharyar. The diameter of the runner is 0.254 m and the width of a bucket is 0.1143 m. The turbine has undergone efficiency testing and visual inspection during operation at a gross head of 20 m. The hydraulic efficiency is 96.35 and the output power is 400 Watt. Ma Myat Win Khaing | Ma Yi Yi Khin | Mg Than Zaw Oo "Design and Analysis of Pelton Wheel" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26477.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/26477/design-and-analysis-of-pelton-wheel/ma-myat-win-khaing
Vertical axis Darrieus water turbine, very suitable for use in river flow in the utilization of the kinetic energy. Darrieus H type hydrokinetic turbines are electromechanical energy converters that generate electricity from harness kinetic energy of flowing water to generate electricity. The design water speed is 1.5m s , tip speed ratio 4 and the final power output is designed to be 100W through water turbine. The designed water turbine has 3 blades. Electricity is generated by using Darrieus H type hydrokinetic turbine. Blade design is made of fiber and the chord length of 0.0742m. The diameter and the height of turbine are 0.354m and 0.531m with two circular end plates. Steel shaft has 7.85mm in diameter. Hydrofoil NACA 0018 is chosen based on max CL CD ratio at angle of attack 10'. The design hydrokinetic turbine can be used for pico hydro generation in rural communities non connected to electricity. This research can provide to generate the electricity Darrieus hydrokinetic Turbine with low cost and local materials. Ei Ei Mon "Design of Low Head Hydrokinetic Turbine" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27865.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/27865/design-of-low-head-hydrokinetic-turbine/ei-ei-mon
Experimental evaluation of a francis turbineeSAT Journals
Abstract Laboratory-Scale Francis Turbine has been used to generate experimental data for performance evaluation. The analysis presented here is based on turbine shaft load resulting in utilization of water power and includes overall efficiency, specific speed, unit quantities and critical cavitation factor. A modified critical cavitation factor relation has been obtained and verified with the existing relation. Keywords: Hydro Power, Francis Turbine, Turbine Performance, Cavitation Factor
The proposed system converts energy from moving wat er into electricity. It is a simple system which is driven by water. The prime mover of the sy stem is interfaced to turbine which is in turn driven by water. The system consists of a permanent magnet based low rpm generator,turbine,Charger,Storage unit. The potential energy of the water is converted into mechanical energy by turbine which is in turn converted to electrical en ergy by generator. The proposed system enables any house old to drive lights,Television &Mixer (500 Watts) kind of loads.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Expression and Calculation of Betz Constant for Expanding Air Streamijtsrd
The key hypothesis of plan and activity of wind turbines is inferred in light of a first standards approach involving protection of mass and preservation of energy in a breeze stream. A point by point induction of the Betz Equation and the Betz Criterion or Betz Limit is introduced, and its nuances, bits of knowledge as well as the entanglements in its inference and application are talked about. The hypothesis that is created applies to both flat and vertical pivot wind turbines. The power coefficient of a breeze turbine is characterized and is connected with the Betz Limit. A depiction of the ideal rotor tip speed proportion of a breeze turbine is likewise introduced. This is contrasted and a depiction in light of Schmitz whirlpool proportions representing the various misfortunes and efficiencies experienced in the activity of wind energy change frameworks. The hypothetical and an amended diagram of the different breeze turbine functional systems and designs, relating the power coefficient to the rotor tip speed proportion are shown. The overall normal standards hidden breeze, hydroelectric and nuclear power transformation are talked about. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji "Expression and Calculation of Betz Constant for Expanding Air Stream" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-4, August 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd59654.pdf Paper Url:https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/59654/expression-and-calculation-of-betz-constant-for-expanding-air-stream/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
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The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
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Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
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This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26412 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 636
C. Types of Hydropower Plants
There are different types of Hydro Power Plants based on
types of facilities for the generation of hydropower.
Construction of large Hydropower Plants is a practical and
economically viable proposition as the capital costs of a
project can be reduced with such installations. Hydropower
Plants may be classified in different ways depending on the
certain classification. They are
1. Reservoir or Storage Type
2. Run-of-River Type
3. Pumped Storage Type
D. Main Components of Francis Turbine
Francis Turbines are the medium head type of hydraulic
turbines, having stationary (Spiral casing, Stay Vanes and
Guide Vanes) and rotating component. There are several
components of Francis Turbine.
They are
1. Spiral casing
2. Stay ring
3. Guide vanes
4. Runner
5. Draft tube
6. Shaft
Figure1. Francis Turbines
III. Design Theory of Francis Turbine
Francis Turbines can be arranged in two ways; with vertical
shaft and horizontal shaft. The vertical shaft arrangement
requires the minimum space for installation and therefore
permits the smallest area powerhouse.
It is not only more economical in space, but in many cases, it
is the only practical solution for large machines, especially
when the topographical nature of the site limits the size of
the powerhouse.
By setting of the turbine is meantthelocationwith respectto
the head and tailwater level. Referring to Figure3.4 and
equating the energies of flow at the exit end of the runner to
the energy of flow at the exit end of the draft tube. The result
of the various condition of head, speed and capacity are that
runner of low speed and capacity are generally demanded
under the high head, while runnerof highspeedand capacity
are necessary under the low head.
Table1.Turbine Selection (Head-Output)
Turbine
Types
Effective
Head(m)
Power
Output(kW)
Horizontal
Shaft Pelton
Over 75 100 ~ 5000
Vertical Shaft
Pelton
Over 200 Over 4000
Horizontal
Shaft Francis
17 ~ 300 400 ~ 5000
Vertical Shaft
Francis
40 ~ 300 2000 ~ 20000
Cross Flow 7.5 ~ 100 50 ~ 1000
Kaplan 10 ~ 70 Over 100
Conduit Type
Bulb
5 ~ 20 Over 1000
Package
Type Bulb
5 ~ 18 150 ~ 4000
Table2. Relation between Water Temperature and
Standard Stream Pressure
Water Temperature
(C)
Saturated Steam
Pressure (m)
0 0.05
5 0.09
10 0.13
15 0.17
20 0.24
Table3. The relation between Elevation and
Atmospheric Pressure
Elevation(m) Pressure (Atm)
0 10.33
100 10.21
200 10.09
300 9.97
400 9.35
500 9.73
600 9.52
700 9.50
800 9.39
900 9.27
1000 9.16
1100 9.05
1200 8.94
A. The efficiency of Francis Turbine
The expression for the power delivered to the shaft by
passing water is the same for alltype of reaction turbines. In
this case, it is necessary to use velocity diameter and
moment of momentum equation (Euler’s Equation) to
calculate the power and efficiency of the inward flow
turbine. As an assumption, itmust beassumedthat friction is
neglected and fluid has the guidance through the turbine.
That is, the infinite number of vanes and relative velocity of
the fluid is always tangent to the vane, Steady and one-
dimensional flow concept is used for calculation.
P = Elemental mass x Tangential velocity
P = 111m rcosαVd
Similarly,
2T = 212m rcosαVd
mT = 2112m r)rcosα(Vd
tT
= )rcoscosαVrcosα(Vm 222111
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26412 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 637
Power equation is
Power = Torque Angular Velocity
Power = )ωrcosαVrcosα(Vm 222111
11 αcosV = w222w1 VcosαV&V
1U = 22211 ωrU&ωr
From above the relations, the equation of power is
Power = )U(Vm 1w1
Above equation can be changed by
mη = d
w1
gH
UV
Where, h is hydraulic efficiency of turbine.
h =
w1UV
g
W
B.P
Further the overall efficiency is,
0η
= hm ηη
0η
=
d
w11
w1
gH
VU
UV
g
W
B.P
0η = dWH
B.P
W =
γ.Q
0η
= dγQH
B.P
Where,
B.P = Power of the turbine in kW
0η
=Overall efficiency
Q = Flow rate through the turbine in /secm3
λ = Specific weight of water in kN/
3
m
dH = Design head in m
B. Runner Design as Affected by Speed and Capacity
Head and available rate of flow varies widely among power
plant. Generally, large flow rates accompany with low head
relatively small rates of flow are available at high heads.
Because of the difference in flow rates, low head usually
requires runner of large water capacity and high head
required runner of low capacity. Accordingly, the runner
may be again classified as being of high, low and medium
capacity, and the term may refer to either the discharge rate
or the power output since the latter is a function of the
discharge.
Figure2. Types of Runner
A. Low-Speed Runner
B. Medium Speed Runner
C. High-Speed Runner
D. High Speed- High Capacity Runner
C. The setting of Turbine Draft Head
Bysetting of the turbine is meant thelocation with respectto
the head and tailwater level. Referring to and equating the
energies of flow at the exit end of
the runner to the energy of flow at the exit end of the draft
tube.
HsZ
2g
V
W
P 2
22
=
1
2
fa
HZ
2g
V
W
P
Where,
1H = Energy lost in friction during the passage of water
through the draft tube
1H = Elevation of existing of the runner through the draft
tube
Z = height of runner bottom above any assumed datum
P2 =Pressure of exit section of runner
Pa = Atmospheric pressure
Since the flow through the drafttubeis turbulent,thefriction
in the draft tube is proportional to
2
2V . Also, velocities at the
various section of the draft tube are proportional to V2 since
the profile of flow is fixed.
Thus,
W
p2
=
K)(1
2g
V
H
W
P 2
2
s
a
Where,
K =
)
2g
V
(
)
2g
V(H
2
2
2
2
1
dη = efficiency of the draft tube
2H = 2g
V
ηHH
2
2
dsa
Where,
σ = Thoma’s cavitation coefficient
Figure3. Static Draft Head and Various Type of
Turbines
D. Specific Speed
Limit of Specific Speed,
slN 35
25H
21000
Calculate Specific Speed, after decided the rated speed,
Specific Speed,
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26412 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 638
sN =
4
5H
PN 2
1
t(i)
E. Normal Efficiency
nη = 82.321)
100
N
(4.344)
100
N
(1.172 ss
Maximum Efficiency, max = 61.4log08.2 )( itth P
Speed factor, u= 0.695+/100)(N×0.039+/100)(N×4.4- s
2
s
Runner inlet diameter, 1D =
N
H
×K×84.6
2
1
u
Runner outlet
diameter,
2D = 0.321]+/100)(N×0.44+/100)(N12×[-1.7×D s
2
s
-2
1
Runner inlet height,
1B = 0.028]-/100)(N×0.15+/100)(N10×[8.7×D s
2
s
-3
1
Runner outlet height,
2B = ]/100)(N×0.0175+[0.2875×D 2
s2
Runner shaft diameter,
Ds
=
)N×(863
P
×2 t
Inlet peripheral velocity,
1U=
60
NπD 1
Inlet absolute velocity,
V1= Hg20.6
Inlet flow velocity,
f1V =
BπD
Q
11
Outlet peripheral velocity,
2U =
60
NπD 2
Runner inlet angle,
1tan α =
w1
f1
V
V
Guide vane inlet angle,
1B = 1β-180°
tan β =
w11
f1
VU
V
Theoretical Output Power,
theoP = ρgQH
F. Design Input Data
The required design data must be known from Thautyegat
No.2 Hydroelectric Power Plant, in Bago Division
(Myanmar).
Table4 .Input Data
Descriptions Symbols Value Unit
Effective Head H 65 m
Discharge Q 70.10 m3/s
Overall efficiency ηo 94 %
Output Power of Turbine P 44.7 kW
IV. Result Data
Table5. Result Data
Descriptions Symbols Values Units
Inlet tangential velocity U1 27.48 m/s
Outlet tangential velocity U2 40.05 m/s
Inlet absolute velocity V1 21.42 m/s
Outlet absolute velocity V2 5.61 m/s
Inlet flow velocity Vf1 10.95 m/s
Outlet flow velocity Vf2 5.61 m/s
Inlet whirl flow velocity Vw1 18.4 m/s
Outlet whirl flow velocity Vw2 0 m/s
Inlet relative velocity Vr1 13.3 m/s
Outlet relative velocity Vr2 40.41 m/s
Runner inlet angle α1 3075 Degree
Runner outlet angle α2 90 Degree
Guide vane inlet angle β1 130 Degree
Guidae vane outlet angle β2 7.97 Degree
Turbine output power Pt 42.75 MW
Generator Output power PG 42 MW
Inlet diameter of Runner D1 2.1 m
Outlet diameter of Runner D2 3.1 m
Inlet high of Runner B1 0.97 m
Outlet high of Runner B2 1.3 m
Runner discharge diameter D3 3.22 m
Runner shaft diameter Ds 0.8 m
No: of Runner blades Z 16
No: of guide blades - 24
Runner elevation Hs -6 m
Turbine speed N 250 rpm
Specific speed Ns 280 m-kW
Runaway speed Nr 486 rpm
Critical speed Nc 972 rpm
Efficiency t 94 %
Table 6.Comparison of Theory and Actual Data
Descriptions Theory Actual Units
Runaway Speed 486.4 432.8 rpm
Turbine of Power 42.7 41.24 MW
Outlet Runner Diameter 3.06 2.94 m
Generation Power 41.89 40 MW
Runner Discharge Diameter 3.22 3.04 m
Shaft Diameter 0.8 0.7 m
Runner Outlet Height 1.3 1 m
Figure4. Two Dimensional View of Runner
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD26412 | Volume – 3 | Issue – 5 | July - August 2019 Page 639
Figure5. Three Dimensional View of Runner
Discussions and Conclusions
Hydropower is contained of two main portions as the
mechanical and electrical system. Generally, Francis
Turbines are placed in Vertical Francis Turbines
configuration. Vertical FrancisTurbineis verywidelyusedin
the world for large hydroelectric Power plant.
The runner design is very important for any type of turbine.
In this paper, the design calculation of the runner of 40 MW
Vertical Francis Turbine which is taken from Thaukyegat
No.2 Hydroelectric Power Plant is carried out. This runneris
designed in the maximum poweroutput conditions. Anytype
of turbine, runner blade design is very important. In this
paper, the runner blade design of 40MW Francis Turbine is
calculated.
Acknowledgment
Firstly, the author would like to thank my parents for their
best wish to join the B.E course at TU(Meiktila). The author
greatly expresses her thanks to all persons who willconcern
to support in preparing this paper.
REFERENCES
[1] Salman Bahrami, Multi-Fideidy, Design Optimization of
Francis Runner Blades, (Dec 2015)
[2] Einar Agnalt, Pressure measurements inside a Francis
Turbine Runner, (Oct 2014)
[3] Kurosawa, Design Optimization Method for Francis
Turbine, (Dec 2014)
[4] Tun Oke, U, Design and Calculation of Francis Turbine
(Runner), (Sept 2009)