Steam turbine generator is an electromechanical system which converts heat energy to electrical energy.
In this paper, the modeling, design and analysis of a simple steam turbine generator have done using
Matlab/Simulink Toolbox. The open loop system have been analyzed to have an efficiency of 76.92 %. Observer
based & linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controllers have been designed to improve the generating voltage.
Comparison of this two proposed controllers have been done for increasing the performance improvement to
generate a 220 Dc volt. The simulation result shows that the steam turbine generator with observer based controller
has a small percentage overshoot with minimum settling time than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller
and the open loop system. Finally, the steam turbine generator with observer based controller shows better
improvement in performance than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller
Design and simulation of voltage amplidyne system using robust control techniqueMustefa Jibril
In this paper, modelling designing and simulation of a simple voltage amplidyne system is done using
robust control theory. In order to increase the performance of the voltage amplidyne system with H optimal control
synthesis and H optimal control synthesis via-iteration controllers are used. The open loop response of the voltage
amplidyne system shows that the system can amplify the input 7 times. Comparison of the voltage amplidyne
system with H optimal control synthesis and H optimal control synthesis via-iteration controllers to track a desired
step input have been done. Finally, the comparative simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed
voltage amplidyne system with H optimal control synthesis controller in improving the percentage overshoot and the
settling time
This Power Point Presentation includes Automatic Generation control :
Learning Objective: To illustrate the automatic frequency and voltage control strategies for single and two
area case and analyze the effects, knowing the necessity of generation control.
Learning Outcome:Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to Analyze the generation-load balance in real time operation and its effect on frequency and
develop automatic control strategies with mathematical relations.
Concept of AGC, complete block diagram representation of load-frequency control of an
isolated power system, steady state and dynamic response,
We have seen in the last set of notes (on stability) that synchronous generators respond to load-generation imbalances by accelerating or decelerating (changing speeds). For example, when load increases, generation slows down, effectively releasing some of its inertial energy to compensate for the load increase. Likewise, when load decreases, generation speeds up, effectively absorbing the oversupply as increased inertial energy.
The frequency of a system is dependent on active power balance
As frequency is a common factor throughout the system, a change in active power demand at one point is reflected throughout the system
Because there are many generators supplying power into the system, some means must be provided to allocate change in demand to the generators
speed governor on each generating unit provides primary speed control function
supplementary control originating at a central control center allocates generation
In an interconnected system, with two or more independently controlled areas, the generation within each area has to be controlled so as to maintain scheduled power interchange
The control of generation and frequency is commonly known as load frequency control (LFC) or automatic generation control (AGC)
Performance investigation of hydraulic actuator based mass lift system using ...Mustefa Jibril
A hydraulic actuator is a system that can provide a large power amplification in industries and
factories. In this paper, mass lifter hydraulic actuator system to a desired displacement is designed
using optimal control theory. MPC and LQR controllers are used to design and improve the
performance of the hydraulic actuator. The hydraulic actuator system is linearized using Taylor
series linearization method and designed using Matlab/Simulink tool. Comparison of the hydraulic
actuator with MPC and LQR controllers using three desired output displacement signals (step, sine
wave and white noise) is done and simulation results have been analyzed successfully. For the
desired step input signal, the hydraulic actuator system with MPC controller lower rise and settling
times with small percentage overshoot as compared to the hydraulic actuator system with LQR
controller and for the desired sine wave signal, the hydraulic actuator system with MPC controller
almost track the desired sine wave input signal correctly as compared to the hydraulic actuator
system with LQR controller. While for the desired white noise input signal, the hydraulic actuator
system with MPC controller have tried to track the desired white noise input signal with small
variation in amplitude as compared to the hydraulic actuator system with LQR controller. Finally
the comparative simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed hydraulic actuator
system with MPC controller.
Load / Frequency balancing Control systems studyCAL
In this project, the load and frequency control problem on the power generator at 'Britannia sugar factory' is investigated under different governor action. The existing system employs a Mechanical-hydraulic governor. It is desired to improve the system's response to load disturbances on the interconnected power grid.
Design and simulation of voltage amplidyne system using robust control techniqueMustefa Jibril
In this paper, modelling designing and simulation of a simple voltage amplidyne system is done using
robust control theory. In order to increase the performance of the voltage amplidyne system with H optimal control
synthesis and H optimal control synthesis via-iteration controllers are used. The open loop response of the voltage
amplidyne system shows that the system can amplify the input 7 times. Comparison of the voltage amplidyne
system with H optimal control synthesis and H optimal control synthesis via-iteration controllers to track a desired
step input have been done. Finally, the comparative simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed
voltage amplidyne system with H optimal control synthesis controller in improving the percentage overshoot and the
settling time
This Power Point Presentation includes Automatic Generation control :
Learning Objective: To illustrate the automatic frequency and voltage control strategies for single and two
area case and analyze the effects, knowing the necessity of generation control.
Learning Outcome:Upon successful completion of this course, the students will be able to Analyze the generation-load balance in real time operation and its effect on frequency and
develop automatic control strategies with mathematical relations.
Concept of AGC, complete block diagram representation of load-frequency control of an
isolated power system, steady state and dynamic response,
We have seen in the last set of notes (on stability) that synchronous generators respond to load-generation imbalances by accelerating or decelerating (changing speeds). For example, when load increases, generation slows down, effectively releasing some of its inertial energy to compensate for the load increase. Likewise, when load decreases, generation speeds up, effectively absorbing the oversupply as increased inertial energy.
The frequency of a system is dependent on active power balance
As frequency is a common factor throughout the system, a change in active power demand at one point is reflected throughout the system
Because there are many generators supplying power into the system, some means must be provided to allocate change in demand to the generators
speed governor on each generating unit provides primary speed control function
supplementary control originating at a central control center allocates generation
In an interconnected system, with two or more independently controlled areas, the generation within each area has to be controlled so as to maintain scheduled power interchange
The control of generation and frequency is commonly known as load frequency control (LFC) or automatic generation control (AGC)
Performance investigation of hydraulic actuator based mass lift system using ...Mustefa Jibril
A hydraulic actuator is a system that can provide a large power amplification in industries and
factories. In this paper, mass lifter hydraulic actuator system to a desired displacement is designed
using optimal control theory. MPC and LQR controllers are used to design and improve the
performance of the hydraulic actuator. The hydraulic actuator system is linearized using Taylor
series linearization method and designed using Matlab/Simulink tool. Comparison of the hydraulic
actuator with MPC and LQR controllers using three desired output displacement signals (step, sine
wave and white noise) is done and simulation results have been analyzed successfully. For the
desired step input signal, the hydraulic actuator system with MPC controller lower rise and settling
times with small percentage overshoot as compared to the hydraulic actuator system with LQR
controller and for the desired sine wave signal, the hydraulic actuator system with MPC controller
almost track the desired sine wave input signal correctly as compared to the hydraulic actuator
system with LQR controller. While for the desired white noise input signal, the hydraulic actuator
system with MPC controller have tried to track the desired white noise input signal with small
variation in amplitude as compared to the hydraulic actuator system with LQR controller. Finally
the comparative simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed hydraulic actuator
system with MPC controller.
Load / Frequency balancing Control systems studyCAL
In this project, the load and frequency control problem on the power generator at 'Britannia sugar factory' is investigated under different governor action. The existing system employs a Mechanical-hydraulic governor. It is desired to improve the system's response to load disturbances on the interconnected power grid.
Harmonic Impact in Induction Generator Voltage Using Thyristor Control ReactorTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
As commonly known that theload fluctuations that have been performed on an induction motor
operated as an induction generator (IG) triggers unstable induced voltage and frequency. Asthe result, the
load that receiving the power quality is not running properly and the efficiency is low. The problems that
have beenmitigated in this research in such way is the stability of the voltage that generated by IG due to
fluctuating loading, and the harmonics can be damped by single tuned due to the work of thy ristors and
non-linear loads. The used method is the Ziegler-Nichols method by measuring and testing the design of
prototype to get the best performance in stabilizing the voltage by using thyristor control reactor (TCR).
The results showed that the induced generator with single tuned filter and TCR to nonlinear load variation
at 1618 RPM is maintained stably for the voltage and frequency. Although, 3rd order harmonics of voltage
and current that has been tuned can be dampedby using THDI 8.36%. Furthermore, it can be said that the
response that generated by voltage control system using proportionalintegral (PI) control in 1kW-4 poles
three-phase IG with additional and reductionalload generated a stable response.
Integral Backstepping Control for Maximum Power Point Tracking and Unity Powe...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a robust control strategy for a grid connected photovoltaic system with a boost converter by using an integral Backstepping method based on a nonlinear state model, which guarantees the Lyapunov stability of the global system. The system has tracked precisely the maximum power point, with a very fast response and the unit power factor has been observed under different atmospheric conditions. Moreover, the best advantage of the controller is that it’s a good corrector of the grid perturbation and system parameter disturbance. The simulation result has demonstrated the performance of this strategy.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Modified Bidirectional Converter with Current Fed InverterIJPEDS-IAES
A bidirectional dc-dc converter with multiple outputs are concatenated with a
high frequency current source parallel resonant push pull inverter is
presented in this paper. The two outputs are added together and it is taken as
the input source for the inverter. The current source parallel resonant push
pull inverter implemented here with high frequency applications like
induction heating, Fluorescent lighting, Digital signal processing sonar. This
paper proposes a simple photovoltaic power system consists of a
bidirectional converter and a current fed inverter for regulating the load
variations. Solar power is used as the input source for the system. Simulation
of the proposed system is carried out in PSIM software and experimentally
verified the results.
Implementation for Controller to Unified Single Phase Power Flow Using Digita...IJERA Editor
Presenting in his paper, Digital signal processor (DSP)-based implementation of a single phase unified power flow controller (UPFC). For shunt side and series side An efficient UPFC control algorithm is achieved. Discussing the laboratory experimental results using DC source are taken as an UPFC linked by two ll-bridge PWM voltage source converters.
In this article, we have proposed a new control of a PV system connected to the grid. The goal is
to reduce current and voltage harmonicsfor increasing the quality of delivered energy. First, we have
modeled a PV panel. Then we have dimensioned the BOOST converter by finding L and C values. Next,
we have used Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Control (MPPT) to improve energy
efficiency. Finally, We have developed a control of single-phase H-bridge inverter in order to eliminate the
3rd,5th,7th and 9th harmonics order, and added an LCLTo connect the PV inverter to the grid, an LCL
betweenthe inverter and the grid. Theperformance of the proposed system was tested by computing
spectrum and THD usingMatlab/Simulink software. The proposed architecture provides better Total
Harmonic Distortion (THD) which satisfy the EN50160 requirement the THD must be less than 4.66%. We
found that THD was decreased from 61.93% to 0.04%.
Compensation of Harmonics of Fully Controlled Loads by Using SAHFIOSRJEEE
In this paper, Three Phase Shunt Active Harmonic Filter is used for harmonic compensation of fully Controlled loads by using new thyristorized Pulse Generator Circuits which generates 12 Pulses for two NonLinear three phase Loads. The three phase Non-Linear Loads are connected at the secondary of three phase Transformers with Three Phase Breakers having Transition time 5/60seconds. A new Pulse Generator topology is used for generating pulses for each of three phase non-linear loads. The Circuit used for Compensation of Harmonics having three phase IGBT based Inverter. The IGBT base d Shunt Active Harmonic Filter gets firing Pulses from PLL phase Locked Loop& Hysteresis Switching HS. The used PLL extracts the Fundamental component of load current which is then multiplied with same RMS gain for generating the Reference current for Hysteresis Current Controller. The used Hysteresis Current Controller compares the reference current
Control of parallel multiple converters for direct drive permanent magnet win...Asoka Technologies
This paper proposes control strategies for mega watt level direct-drive wind generation systems based on permanent magnet synchronous generators. In the paper, a circulating current model is derived and analyzed. The parallel-operation controllers are designed to restrain reactive power circulation and beat frequency circulation currents caused by discontinuous space vector modulation. The control schemes do not change the configurations of the system consisting of parallel multiple converters. They are easy to implement for modular designs and large impedance required to equalize the current sharing is not needed. To increase the system reliability, a robust adaptive sliding observer is designed to sense the rotor position of the wind power generator. The experimental results proved the effectiveness of the control strategies.
Mechanically actuated capacitor microphone control using mpc and narma l2 con...Mustefa Jibril
In this paper, a capacitor microphone system is presented to improve the conversion of mechanical energy
to electrical energy using a nonlinear auto regressive moving average-L2 (NARMA-L2) and model predictive
control (MPC) controllers for the analysis of the open loop and closed loop system. The open loop system response
shows that the output voltage signal need to be improved. The comparison of the closed loop system with the
proposed controllers have been analyzed and a promising result have been obtained using Matlab/Simulink.
This review paper is based on space vector based hysteresis current control in three phase PWM converter. In hysteresis current control technique, two, three or four level hysteresis comparator are used, which selects the appropriate inverter output voltage vectors by their switching phenomenon of vector based HCC, and it is used to control the current vector by keeping the current error vector in tolerance region. Through which the load gets desirable output current voltage. By keeping the zero phase difference between output current and voltage, acquires a high power factor by HCC voltage vector and this HCC voltage vector have some advantages over conventional HCC which are not to have interphase dependency and also maintaining constant modulation frequency or also reducing switching frequency. By this HCC, increase the system steady state performance and reducing dynamic response.
Power Quality development using PV based boost cascaded inverter system is one of the reliable methods. This paper handle with modeling and fuzzy logic control of boost to boost cascaded three phase inverter system with PV as source. MATLAB simulink model for BBCIS has been developed using the elements of simulink and cascaded loop investigations are performed with PI and Fuzzy Logic Controllers. The dynamic responses of the above systems are compared in terms of time domain parameters. The consequences point to that maximum power is obtained with minimum THD using FLC.
Indirect Vector Control of Induction Motor Using Pi Speed Controller and Neur...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Design and simulation of a steam turbine generator using observer based and l...Mustefa Jibril
Steam turbine generator is an electromechanical system which converts heat energy to electrical
energy. In this paper, the modelling, design and analysis of a simple steam turbine generator have
done using Matlab/Simulink Toolbox. The open loop system have been analyzed to have an
efficiency of 76.92 %. Observer based & linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controllers have been
designed to improve the generating voltage. Comparison of this two proposed controllers have
been done for increasing the performance improvement to generate a 220 Dc volt. The simulation
result shows that the steam turbine generator with observer based controller has a small percentage
overshoot with minimum settling time than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller and
the open loop system. Finally, the steam turbine generator with observer based controller shows
better improvement in performance than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller.
Wind energy has many advantages, it does not pollute and it is an inexhaustible source. However, the cost of this energy is still too high to compete with traditional fossil sources. The yield of a wind turbine depends on three parameters: the power of the wind, the turbine power curve and the ability of the generator to respond to fluctuations in the wind. This article presented the MPPT of a wind turbine system equipped with an asynchronous generator has dual power under MatlabSimulink program, in the first time we simulated all the conversion chain with complete model of DFIG and vector control in second stepthen applied the extracted maximum power MPPT strategists, this command is effective and has several advantages it offered to kept the maximum power delivered to network despite all the parameter is change.
Harmonic Impact in Induction Generator Voltage Using Thyristor Control ReactorTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
As commonly known that theload fluctuations that have been performed on an induction motor
operated as an induction generator (IG) triggers unstable induced voltage and frequency. Asthe result, the
load that receiving the power quality is not running properly and the efficiency is low. The problems that
have beenmitigated in this research in such way is the stability of the voltage that generated by IG due to
fluctuating loading, and the harmonics can be damped by single tuned due to the work of thy ristors and
non-linear loads. The used method is the Ziegler-Nichols method by measuring and testing the design of
prototype to get the best performance in stabilizing the voltage by using thyristor control reactor (TCR).
The results showed that the induced generator with single tuned filter and TCR to nonlinear load variation
at 1618 RPM is maintained stably for the voltage and frequency. Although, 3rd order harmonics of voltage
and current that has been tuned can be dampedby using THDI 8.36%. Furthermore, it can be said that the
response that generated by voltage control system using proportionalintegral (PI) control in 1kW-4 poles
three-phase IG with additional and reductionalload generated a stable response.
Integral Backstepping Control for Maximum Power Point Tracking and Unity Powe...IJECEIAES
This paper presents a robust control strategy for a grid connected photovoltaic system with a boost converter by using an integral Backstepping method based on a nonlinear state model, which guarantees the Lyapunov stability of the global system. The system has tracked precisely the maximum power point, with a very fast response and the unit power factor has been observed under different atmospheric conditions. Moreover, the best advantage of the controller is that it’s a good corrector of the grid perturbation and system parameter disturbance. The simulation result has demonstrated the performance of this strategy.
International Journal of Engineering Research and DevelopmentIJERD Editor
Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering,
Information Engineering and Technology,
Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering,
Automation and Mechatronics Engineering,
Material and Chemical Engineering,
Civil and Architecture Engineering,
Biotechnology and Bio Engineering,
Environmental Engineering,
Petroleum and Mining Engineering,
Marine and Agriculture engineering,
Aerospace Engineering.
Modified Bidirectional Converter with Current Fed InverterIJPEDS-IAES
A bidirectional dc-dc converter with multiple outputs are concatenated with a
high frequency current source parallel resonant push pull inverter is
presented in this paper. The two outputs are added together and it is taken as
the input source for the inverter. The current source parallel resonant push
pull inverter implemented here with high frequency applications like
induction heating, Fluorescent lighting, Digital signal processing sonar. This
paper proposes a simple photovoltaic power system consists of a
bidirectional converter and a current fed inverter for regulating the load
variations. Solar power is used as the input source for the system. Simulation
of the proposed system is carried out in PSIM software and experimentally
verified the results.
Implementation for Controller to Unified Single Phase Power Flow Using Digita...IJERA Editor
Presenting in his paper, Digital signal processor (DSP)-based implementation of a single phase unified power flow controller (UPFC). For shunt side and series side An efficient UPFC control algorithm is achieved. Discussing the laboratory experimental results using DC source are taken as an UPFC linked by two ll-bridge PWM voltage source converters.
In this article, we have proposed a new control of a PV system connected to the grid. The goal is
to reduce current and voltage harmonicsfor increasing the quality of delivered energy. First, we have
modeled a PV panel. Then we have dimensioned the BOOST converter by finding L and C values. Next,
we have used Perturb and Observe (P&O) Maximum Power Point Control (MPPT) to improve energy
efficiency. Finally, We have developed a control of single-phase H-bridge inverter in order to eliminate the
3rd,5th,7th and 9th harmonics order, and added an LCLTo connect the PV inverter to the grid, an LCL
betweenthe inverter and the grid. Theperformance of the proposed system was tested by computing
spectrum and THD usingMatlab/Simulink software. The proposed architecture provides better Total
Harmonic Distortion (THD) which satisfy the EN50160 requirement the THD must be less than 4.66%. We
found that THD was decreased from 61.93% to 0.04%.
Compensation of Harmonics of Fully Controlled Loads by Using SAHFIOSRJEEE
In this paper, Three Phase Shunt Active Harmonic Filter is used for harmonic compensation of fully Controlled loads by using new thyristorized Pulse Generator Circuits which generates 12 Pulses for two NonLinear three phase Loads. The three phase Non-Linear Loads are connected at the secondary of three phase Transformers with Three Phase Breakers having Transition time 5/60seconds. A new Pulse Generator topology is used for generating pulses for each of three phase non-linear loads. The Circuit used for Compensation of Harmonics having three phase IGBT based Inverter. The IGBT base d Shunt Active Harmonic Filter gets firing Pulses from PLL phase Locked Loop& Hysteresis Switching HS. The used PLL extracts the Fundamental component of load current which is then multiplied with same RMS gain for generating the Reference current for Hysteresis Current Controller. The used Hysteresis Current Controller compares the reference current
Control of parallel multiple converters for direct drive permanent magnet win...Asoka Technologies
This paper proposes control strategies for mega watt level direct-drive wind generation systems based on permanent magnet synchronous generators. In the paper, a circulating current model is derived and analyzed. The parallel-operation controllers are designed to restrain reactive power circulation and beat frequency circulation currents caused by discontinuous space vector modulation. The control schemes do not change the configurations of the system consisting of parallel multiple converters. They are easy to implement for modular designs and large impedance required to equalize the current sharing is not needed. To increase the system reliability, a robust adaptive sliding observer is designed to sense the rotor position of the wind power generator. The experimental results proved the effectiveness of the control strategies.
Mechanically actuated capacitor microphone control using mpc and narma l2 con...Mustefa Jibril
In this paper, a capacitor microphone system is presented to improve the conversion of mechanical energy
to electrical energy using a nonlinear auto regressive moving average-L2 (NARMA-L2) and model predictive
control (MPC) controllers for the analysis of the open loop and closed loop system. The open loop system response
shows that the output voltage signal need to be improved. The comparison of the closed loop system with the
proposed controllers have been analyzed and a promising result have been obtained using Matlab/Simulink.
This review paper is based on space vector based hysteresis current control in three phase PWM converter. In hysteresis current control technique, two, three or four level hysteresis comparator are used, which selects the appropriate inverter output voltage vectors by their switching phenomenon of vector based HCC, and it is used to control the current vector by keeping the current error vector in tolerance region. Through which the load gets desirable output current voltage. By keeping the zero phase difference between output current and voltage, acquires a high power factor by HCC voltage vector and this HCC voltage vector have some advantages over conventional HCC which are not to have interphase dependency and also maintaining constant modulation frequency or also reducing switching frequency. By this HCC, increase the system steady state performance and reducing dynamic response.
Power Quality development using PV based boost cascaded inverter system is one of the reliable methods. This paper handle with modeling and fuzzy logic control of boost to boost cascaded three phase inverter system with PV as source. MATLAB simulink model for BBCIS has been developed using the elements of simulink and cascaded loop investigations are performed with PI and Fuzzy Logic Controllers. The dynamic responses of the above systems are compared in terms of time domain parameters. The consequences point to that maximum power is obtained with minimum THD using FLC.
Indirect Vector Control of Induction Motor Using Pi Speed Controller and Neur...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) covers all the fields of engineering and science: Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Computer Engineering, Agricultural Engineering, Aerospace Engineering, Thermodynamics, Structural Engineering, Control Engineering, Robotics, Mechatronics, Fluid Mechanics, Nanotechnology, Simulators, Web-based Learning, Remote Laboratories, Engineering Design Methods, Education Research, Students' Satisfaction and Motivation, Global Projects, and Assessment…. And many more.
Design and simulation of a steam turbine generator using observer based and l...Mustefa Jibril
Steam turbine generator is an electromechanical system which converts heat energy to electrical
energy. In this paper, the modelling, design and analysis of a simple steam turbine generator have
done using Matlab/Simulink Toolbox. The open loop system have been analyzed to have an
efficiency of 76.92 %. Observer based & linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controllers have been
designed to improve the generating voltage. Comparison of this two proposed controllers have
been done for increasing the performance improvement to generate a 220 Dc volt. The simulation
result shows that the steam turbine generator with observer based controller has a small percentage
overshoot with minimum settling time than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller and
the open loop system. Finally, the steam turbine generator with observer based controller shows
better improvement in performance than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller.
Wind energy has many advantages, it does not pollute and it is an inexhaustible source. However, the cost of this energy is still too high to compete with traditional fossil sources. The yield of a wind turbine depends on three parameters: the power of the wind, the turbine power curve and the ability of the generator to respond to fluctuations in the wind. This article presented the MPPT of a wind turbine system equipped with an asynchronous generator has dual power under MatlabSimulink program, in the first time we simulated all the conversion chain with complete model of DFIG and vector control in second stepthen applied the extracted maximum power MPPT strategists, this command is effective and has several advantages it offered to kept the maximum power delivered to network despite all the parameter is change.
The work is concerning a multi-port dc-dc converter with improved time response and steady state output. Here the converter carries bare amount of switches for managing the power with mono inductance. The inductance and along with that the switched capacitance are pre owned to bring large voltage gain. This paper put forwarded an appropriate controller for the closed loop monitored high-gain converter with three ports. Higher is that the conversion rate. This converter is also a good interface between DC-source and load that aims to progressing time response with FLC and PI controller in the closed loop system. The converter with the PI controller and FLC is look over and the fast responses are compared with time domain specifications. The simulation outcome indicates that the FLC based converter brings most excellent time domain response.
This project is proposed to integrate the Fuel cell emulator with a boost converter and load the DC motor
and the performance analysis is done. Fuel cell as a renewable energy source is considered to be one of the most
promising sources of electrical power. The characteristics of fuel cell is such that the DC power extracted from it is
at low voltage level, this project proposes a prototype of a new power electronics based fuel cell emulator. After
proposing a fuel cell emulator, it is integrated with a boost converter and DC motor is loaded. After the successful
working of the boost converter, it can be directly connected with the actual Fuel Cell Systems (FCS) to satisfy the
DC motor load which is integrated with fuel cell emulator and boost converter.
Performance Characteristics of SEIGUsed In Wind Energy Conversion SystemIJSRD
This paper shows the wind driven self-excited induction generator used in wind turbine for drive applications. The self-excited induction generator is mathematically modeled to perform efficiently as a real time performance. Here we used voltage source inverter which is a normal pulse width modulation inverter fed with resistive load. A voltage source inverter is used which forms a bridge between the self-excited induction generator and a load .The voltage source inverter are used to provide to make a system simple and cost effective. The simple arrangement is used such that the efficiency of the system becomes high with minimized losses. The PWM Inverters (VSI) is used to convert the variable magnitude and frequency voltage into reliable constant voltage and constant frequency supply to drive the isolated load. The self-excited induction generator and other power electronic converter components are modeled through coding and simulation in MATLAB/SIMULINK 8.1.604 (R2013a).
Experimental Study of the Boost Converter under Current Mode ControlIAES-IJPEDS
This paper presents the practical analysis of Boost converter operating in
continuous conduction mode under current control. We start by theconverter
modeling, then experimental results will be exposed where we propose an
experimental circuit, to study the influence of the variation of different
circuit parameters such as reference current, input voltage and load. We also
analyze the control technique performances. The experimental results are
given and interpreted in each case.
Simulation of MPPT Algorithm Based Hybrid Wind-Solar-Fuel Cell Energy SystemIJMER
This paper presents a new system configuration of the front-end rectifier stage for a hybrid
wind/photovoltaic energy system. This configuration allows the two sources to supply the load
separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. The inherent nature of
this Cuk-SEPIC fused converter, additional input filters are not necessary to filter out high frequency
harmonics. Harmonic content is detrimental for the generator lifespan, heating issues, and efficiency.
The fused multiinput rectifier stage also allows Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) to be used to
extract maximum power from the wind and sun when it is available. An adaptive MPPT algorithm will
be used for the wind system and a standard perturb and observe method will be used for the PV system.
Operational analysis of the proposed system will be discussed in this paper. Simulation results are given
to highlight the merits of the proposed circuit.
Electrical Discharge Machining Flyback Converter using UC3842 Current Mode PW...IJPEDS-IAES
This paper presents a current mode Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) controlled Flyback converter using UC3842 for Electrical Discharge Machining current generator control circuit. Circuit simplicity and high efficiency can be achieved by a Flyback converter with current mode PWM controller. The behaviors of the system's operation is analyzed and discussed by varying the load resistance. Matlab sofware is used to simulate the Flyback converter where a prototype has been built and tested to verify its performance.
Metal cutting tool position control using static output feedback and full sta...Mustefa Jibril
In this paper, a metal cutting machine position control have been designed and simulated using
Matlab/Simulink Toolbox successfully. The open loop response of the system analysis shows that the system needs
performance improvement. Static output feedback and full state feedback H 2 controllers have been used to increase
the performance of the system. Comparison of the metal cutting machine position using static output feedback and
full state feedback H 2 controllers have been done to track a set point position using step and sine wave input signals
and a promising results have been analyzed.
This paper presents study of distribution static compensator (D-STATCOM) for compensation of reactive power, harmonic distortion mitigation and load balancing in three phase three wire nonlinear load distribution system. The proposed control algorithm is developed based on synchronous reference frame theory using PI and FUZZY logic controller. The obtained reference current signal from control algorithm is compared in hysteresis band current controller for better switching of D-STATCOM. The performance of DSTATCOM with PI and fuzzy logic controller is also analysed and compared for DC voltage regulation and harmonic distortion mitigation .The proposed method is provided effective compensation for reactive power, harmonic distortion mitigation and load voltage balancing. The simulation results are obtained using MATLAB/SIMULINK soft ware.
Performance Evaluation of Photo-Voltaic fed Brushless Direct Current Motor fo...IJERA Editor
This work presents an effective approach towards reduction of steps in power conversion from solar
photovoltaic system to load. When a Photovoltaic system is fed to an induction motor, it requires MPPT
controller and an Inverter circuit in first and second stages since Induction motor works with a.c supply. By
eliminating the Inverter circuit and employing a BLDC motor the efficiency of the system can be improved. The
BLDC motor works under Electronic commutation principle with VSI embedded in the motor. A PV Panel fed
to the "R" load with Hill Climbing MPPT is considered along with practical irradiance data. Simulation is
carried out by formulating the mathematical model for the photovoltaic source, MPPT, Motor. System
performance‟s are investigated under different levels of solar insolation.
Closed Loop Analysis of Bridgeless SEPIC Converter for Drive ApplicationIJPEDS-IAES
In this paper closed loop analysis of Single phase AC-DC Bridgeless Single
Ended Primary Inductance Converter (SEPIC) for Power Factor Correction
(PFC) rectifier is analyzed. In this topology the absence of an input diode
bridge and the due to presence of two semiconductor switches in the current
flowing path during each switching cycle which will results in lesser
conduction losses and improved thermal management compared to the
conventional converters. In this paper the operational principles, Frequency
analysis, and design equations of the proposed converter are described in
detail. Performance of the proposed SEPIC PFC rectifier is carried out using
Matlab Simulink software and results are presented.
Load Frequency Control of DFIG-isolated and Grid Connected ModeIJAPEJOURNAL
Wind energy is one of the extraordinary promising sources of renewable energy due to its clean character, free availability and economic viability. A Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) feeds power from both the stator and the rotor windings at speeds above synchronous speed of the machine. This paper deals the load frequency control of doubly fed induction generator in isolated mode and grid connected mode. The wind turbine model is obtained using MATLAB/ SIMULINK which consists of DFIG, rotor side rectifier, grid side inverter and grid. This model is controlled by conventional controllerand proposed Load Frequency Control (LFC) method. The results are proven that frequency control gives better results in all the aspects
In this paper, a three-phase load connected to a NPC three-level inverter is presented. To generate gate signals for the multilevel inverter, two commands are developed and compared: the phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) and the space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). DC supply is provided by photovoltaic cells. Boost converter controls the power transfer from photovoltaic generator. Due to nonlinear I-V characteristics of photovoltaic cells, a maximum power point tracking algorithm is adopted to maximize the output power, the nonlinear controller (sliding mode) is developed and simulated. To verify the effectivnesse of the introdueced controller, it is compared with the fuzzy logic controller. Matlab-simulink is used for simulation, analysis and interpretation the results of these controllers.
In order to meet the increase in energy demand globally it is necessary to harness renewable energy at its maximum potential for the purpose of electric power generation. For the achievement of high output voltage and efficiency DC-DC converters plays a vital role in low voltage PV array and fuel cells. LUO converters are gaining importance because of geometric progression output. . LUO converters find its application because of high transient performance of the system, high power transfer gain, efficiency and reduced ripple .Because of load and line disturbances the output voltage of DC-DC converter must be operated in closed loop mode. This paper interpolates multitudinous controller for positive output elementary super lift LUO converter (POESLL). The pursuance of the converter under manifold such as variation in input, load are developed and compared for current mode controller and SMC.
Analysis of a Single Stage Three Level Converter for a Wind Driven Self Excit...idescitation
In this project work, a three phase single stage three level Converter is
implemented for a wind energy conversion system. The proposed system is designed for a
three phase wind driven Self-Excited Induction Generator (SEIG). The SEIG output is
rectified with zero-dead band condition and the output of the converter is continuous. The
three level converter is designed and the performance characteristics are studied. The three
level converter is operated at a switching frequency of 50kHz to obtain a constant three level
output. The proposed model has been simulated in MATALAB Simulink. The hardware
prototype model is developed for a lower power rating and the results are compared.
Similar to Design and simulation of a steam turbine generator using observer based and lqr controllers (20)
Modelling design and control of an electromechanical mass lifting system usin...Mustefa Jibril
In this paper, an electromechanical mass lifter system is designed, analyzed and compare using optimal
and robust control theories. LQR and μ -synthesis controllers are used to improve the lift displacement by
comparison method for tracking the desired step and sinusoidal wave signals input. Finally, the comparison
simulation result prove the effectiveness of the electromechanical mass lifter system with μ -synthesis controller for
improving the rise time, percentage overshoot, settling time and peak value of tracking the desired step displacement
signal and improving the peak value for tracking the desired sinusoidal displacement signal with a good
performance.
Tank liquid level control using narma l2 and mpc controllersMustefa Jibril
Liquid level control is highly important in industrial applications such as boilers in nuclear power plants.
In this paper a simple liquid level tank is designed based on NARMA-L2 and Model Predictive control controllers.
The simple water level tank has one input, liquid flow inn and one output, liquid level. The proposed controllers is
compared in MATLAB and then simulated in Simulink to test how the system actual liquid level track the desired
liquid level with two input desired signals (step and white noise). The response of the NARMA-L2 controller is then
compared with a MPC controller. The results are shown sequentially and the effectiveness of the controller is
illustrated
Design & control of vehicle boom barrier gate system using augmented h 2 ...Mustefa Jibril
A vehicle boom barrier gate system is one of the recently developed technologies operating at the
entrances to the restricted areas. This paper aims to design and control of vehicle’s boom barrier gate system using
robust augmentation technique. 2 H optimal and H synthesis controllers are used to improve the performance of
the system. The open loop response analysis of the vehicle boom barrier gate system shows that the input of the
system need to be improved. Comparison of the vehicle boom barrier gate system with 2 H optimal and H
synthesis controllers have been done to track a set point desired angular position using a step and operational open
and close input signals and a promising results have been observed.
Modeling and simulation of vehicle windshield wiper system using h infinity l...Mustefa Jibril
Vehicle windshield wiper system increases the driving safety by contributing a clear shot viewing to the
driver. In this paper, modelling, designing and simulation of a vehicle windshield wiper system with robust control
theory is done successfully. H loop shaping and robust pole placement controllers are used to improve the
wiping speed by tracking a reference speed signals. The reference speed signals used in this paper are step and sine
wave signals. Comparison of the H loop shaping and robust pole placement controllers based on the two
reference signals is done and convincing results have been obtained. Finally the comparative results prove the
effectiveness of the proposed H Loop Shaping controller to improve the wiping mechanism for the given two
reference signals.
Design and performance investigation of a low cost portable ventilator for co...Mustefa Jibril
In this paper, the design of a low cost portable ventilator with performance analysis have been done to
solve the scarcity of respiratory ventilators for COVID-19 patients. The materials used to build the system are: DC
motor, rotating disc and pneumatic piston. The system input is the patient heart beat and the output is volume of air
to the patient lung with adjusted breathing rate. This ventilator adjusts the breathing rate to the patient depending on
his heart beat rate. The performance analysis of this system have been done using Proportional Integral Derivative
(PID) and Full State Feedback H2 controllers. Comparison of the system with the proposed controllers have been
done using a step change and a random change of the patient heart beat and a promising result have been analyzed
successfully.
Design and simulation of a steam turbine generator using observer based and l...Mustefa Jibril
Steam turbine generator is an electromechanical system which converts heat energy to electrical energy.
In this paper, the modeling, design and analysis of a simple steam turbine generator have done using
Matlab/Simulink Toolbox. The open loop system have been analyzed to have an efficiency of 76.92 %. Observer
based & linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controllers have been designed to improve the generating voltage.
Comparison of this two proposed controllers have been done for increasing the performance improvement to
generate a 220 Dc volt. The simulation result shows that the steam turbine generator with observer based controller
has a small percentage overshoot with minimum settling time than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller
and the open loop system. Finally, the steam turbine generator with observer based controller shows better
improvement in performance than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller.
Speed control of ward leonard layout system using h infinity optimal controlMustefa Jibril
In this paper, modelling designing and simulation of a Ward Leonard layout system is done using
robust control theory. In order to increase the performance of the Ward Leonard layout system
with H optimal control synthesis and H optimal control synthesis via -iteration controllers
are used. The open loop response of the Ward Leonard layout system shows that the system needs
to be improved. Comparison of the Ward Leonard layout system with H optimal control
synthesis and H optimal control synthesis via -iteration controllers to track a desired step speed
input have been done. Finally, the comparative simulation results prove the effectiveness of the
proposed Ward Leonard layout system with H optimal control synthesis controller in improving
the percentage overshoot and the settling time.
Tank liquid level control using narma l2 and mpc controllersMustefa Jibril
Liquid level control is highly important in industrial applications such as boilers in nuclear power
plants. In this paper a simple liquid level tank is designed based on NARMA-L2 and Model
Predictive control controllers. The simple water level tank has one input, liquid flow inn and one
output, liquid level. The proposed controllers is compared in MATLAB and then simulated in
Simulink to test how the system actual liquid level track the desired liquid level with two input
desired signals (step and white noise). The response of the NARMA-L2 controller is then
compared with a MPC controller. The results are shown sequentially and the effectiveness of the
controller is illustrated.
Modelling design and control of an electromechanical mass lifting system usin...Mustefa Jibril
In this paper, an electromechanical mass lifter system is designed, analyzed and compare using
optimal and robust control theories. LQR and μ -synthesis controllers are used to improve the lift
displacement by comparison method for tracking the desired step and sinusoidal wave signals
input. Finally, the comparison simulation result prove the effectiveness of the electromechanical
mass lifter system with μ -synthesis controller for improving the rise time, percentage overshoot,
settling time and peak value of tracking the desired step displacement signal and improving the
peak value for tracking the desired sinusoidal displacement signal with a good performance.
Comparison of a triple inverted pendulum stabilization using optimal control ...Mustefa Jibril
In this paper, modelling design and analysis of a triple inverted pendulum have been done using
Matlab/Script toolbox. Since a triple inverted pendulum is highly nonlinear, strongly unstable
without using feedback control system. In this paper an optimal control method means a linear
quadratic regulator and pole placement controllers are used to stabilize the triple inverted
pendulum upside. The impulse response simulation of the open loop system shows us that the
pendulum is unstable. The comparison of the closed loop impulse response simulation of the
pendulum with LQR and pole placement controllers results that both controllers have stabilized
the system but the pendulum with LQR controllers have a high overshoot with long settling time
than the pendulum with pole placement controller. Finally the comparison results prove that the
pendulum with pole placement controller improve the stability of the system.
Design and control of steam flow in cement production process using neural ne...Mustefa Jibril
In this paper a NARMA L2, model reference and neural network predictive controller is utilized in order to control the output flow rate of the steam in furnace by controlling the steam flow valve. The steam flow control system is basically a feedback control system which is mostly used in cement production industries. The design of the system with the proposed controllers is done with Matlab/Simulink toolbox. The system is designed for the actual steam flow output to track the desired steam that is given to the system as input for two desired steam input signals (step and sine wave). In order to analyze the performance of the system, comparison of the proposed controllers is done by simulating the system for the two reference signals for the system with and without sensor noise disturbance. Finally the comparison results prove the effectiveness of the presented process control system with model reference controller.
Body travel performance improvement of space vehicle electromagnetic suspensi...Mustefa Jibril
Electromagnetic suspension system (EMS) is mostly used in the field of high-speed vehicle. In this paper, a space exploring vehicle quarter electromagnetic suspension system is modelled, designed and simulated using linear quadratic optimal control problem. Linear quadratic Gaussian and linear quadratic integral controllers are designed to improve the body travel of the vehicle using bump road profile. Comparison between the proposed controllers is done and a promising simulation result have been analyzed.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Runway Orientation Based on the Wind Rose Diagram.pptx
Design and simulation of a steam turbine generator using observer based and lqr controllers
1. 17
Design and Simulation of a Steam Turbine Generator using Observer Based and LQR Controllers
Mustefa Jibril 1
, Messay Tadese 2
, Eliyas Alemayehu Tadese 3
1.
School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dire Dawa Institute of Technology, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
2.
School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Dire Dawa Institute of Technology, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
3.
Faculty of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Jimma Institute of Technology, Jimma, Ethiopia
mustefazinet1981@gmail.com
Abstract: Steam turbine generator is an electromechanical system which converts heat energy to electrical energy.
In this paper, the modeling, design and analysis of a simple steam turbine generator have done using
Matlab/Simulink Toolbox. The open loop system have been analyzed to have an efficiency of 76.92 %. Observer
based & linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controllers have been designed to improve the generating voltage.
Comparison of this two proposed controllers have been done for increasing the performance improvement to
generate a 220 Dc volt. The simulation result shows that the steam turbine generator with observer based controller
has a small percentage overshoot with minimum settling time than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller
and the open loop system. Finally, the steam turbine generator with observer based controller shows better
improvement in performance than the steam turbine generator with LQR controller.
[Mustefa Jibril, Messay Tadese, Eliyas Alemayehu Tadese. Design and Simulation of a Steam Turbine
Generator using Observer Based and LQR Controllers. Researcher 2020;12(6):17-21]. ISSN 1553-9865 (print);
ISSN 2163-8950 (online). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 3. doi:10.7537/marsrsj120620.03.
Keywords: Steam turbine, Generator, Observer based controller, linear quadratic regulator
1. Introduction
A Steam Turbine is a mechanical system that
takes thermal energy from pressurized steam and
converted it into mechanical output. Because the
turbine generates rotational speed motion, it is
particularly used to drive electrical generators. a steam
turbine gain power from a steam. As hot, steam passes
through the turbine ' the blades will spinning. Steam
expands and cools, convert most of the energy it
contains. This steam continuously spins the blades.
The blades converts the potential energy of the steam
into kinetic energy. Steam turbines is used to drive a
generator in order to produce electricity. In this paper,
a steam turbine is designed to run a series wound DC
generator. The shaft of the turbine is connected to the
shaft of the generator with two gears at each side with
a gear ratio between them.
2. Mathematical Modeling
Figure 1 shows the diagram of the steam turbine
with a DC generator interconnection unit.
The mechanical power developed by the steam
turbine expressed by the equation:
1in out
dW d
V F t F t
dt dt
Figure 1. Steam turbine generator
Where:
W weight of steam in the steam turbine [g];
V – Volume of steam turbine [m3];
– Density of steam [g/cm3];
F – Steam mass flow rate [g/s];
t – Time [sec.].
Assuming that the output mass flow rate of the
steam turbine is proportional to the pressure in the
turbine system:
0
0
2out
F
F P
P
Where:
P – Steam pressure in the system [kPa];
P0 – rated pressure;
2. Researcher 2020;12(6) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher RSJ
18
F0 – rated output mass flow of the system
Assuming constant temperature in the system:
3
d dP
dt dt P
From equations (1) to (3), it results:
out out
in out T
dF dFdP
F t F t V V
dt P P dt dt
Where
T V
P
- Time constant
Then Equation (1) become
4out
T out in
dF t
F t F t
dt
The steam mass flow rate is
in outF t F t F t
The turbine speed is integrally related to the
steam flow rate:
1 5in outt F t F t F t dt
Substituting Equation (5) for
outF t
into
Equation (4) yields the transfer function between the
input steam mass flow and the output turbine torque.
1
6
1
T
in T
s
F s s
2.1 Modeling of DC Generator
The generated voltage is directly proportional to
the generator input speed
1 2 7ge k
Where: k1 is a speed proportional constant.
The generator input speed is the product of the
gear ratio and the steam turbine output speed
2 1 8n
Therefore Equation (7) becomes
1 1 9ge k n
Then the transfer function between
inF s
and
ge s
become
1
1
g T
in T
e s k n
F s s
The equation of the generator is
10a
g f a f a L a
di t
e t L L R R R i t
dt
Now substituting Equation (9) in to Equation
(10) yields
1 1 11a
f a f a L a
di t
k n t L L R R R i t
dt
Taking the Laplace transform and obtaining the
transfer function the input speed and the output
current yields
1
1
12a
f a f a L
I s nk
s s L L R R R
The output voltage is simply the product of load
resistance times the armature current
13L aV s R I s
Now substituting Equation (13) in to Equation
(12) yields
1
1
14L
f a f a L
V s nR k
s s L L R R R
Finally combining Equation (6) to Equation (14)
yields to the transfer function between the input steam
mass flows to the output generated voltage
1
1
L T
in T f a f a L
V s nR k
F s s s L L R R R
The parameters of the system is shown in Table
1 below
Table 1 System parameters
No Parameters Symbol Value
1 Time constant T 2 second
2 Speed proportional constant. 1k 4 Vs/rad
3 Gear ratio n 4
4 Field winding inductance fL 3 H
5 Field winding resistance fR 2 ohm
6 Armature winding inductance aL 4 H
7 Armature winding resistance aR 4 ohm
8 Load resistance LR 8 ohm
Numerically the transfer function become
2
18
2.5 1in
V s
F s s s
The state space form of the transfer function is
2.5 1 1
1 0 0
0 18
x x u
y x
3. Researcher 2020;12(6) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher RSJ
19
3. The Proposed Controllers Design
3.1 Observer-Based Controller Design
The deal with the general case where only a
subset of the states, or linear combinations of them,
are obtained from measurements and are available to
our controller. Such a guidelines is referred to as the
output feedback problem.
The output is of the form
15y Cx Du
We shall examine a class of output feedback
controllers constructed in two stages:
1. Contracting an observer | a system dynamics
that is driven by the inputs and the outputs of the
system, and yield an deliberation of its state variables;
2. Using the estimated state instead of the actual
state in a estate response scheme.
The block diagram of the steam turbine
generator system with the observer-based controller is
shown in Figure 2 bellow.
Figure 2 Block diagram of the steam turbine generator
system with the observer-based controller
The controller Gc (s) can be further derived in
the following form:
1
16cG s I K sI A BK HC B
With its state space realization
17c
A BK HC B
G s
K I
The controller Gc (s) in Equation (17) is called
the observer-based controller, since the structural idiot
of the observer is implicitly reflected within the
controller.
Where the state space model of the plant, G, the
state feedback gain vector K, and the observer gain
vector H are then returned, respectively.
We select the weighting matrix Q and R as
8 0
1
0 8
Q and R
And we select the observer gain vector as
2
0.5
H
And we obtain the state feedback gain vector K
as
1.7720 2K
The observer-based controller state space
representation become
4.272 39 2
1 9 0.5
1.772 2
o o
o o
x x u
y x
3.2 LQR Controller Design
LQR is a controller that gives the best possible
achievement with respect to some given measure of
performance. The realization measure is a quadratic
function composed of state vector and manipulated
input. The block diagram of the steam turbine
generator with LQR controller is shown in Figure 2
below.
Figure 3 Block diagram of the steam turbine generator
with LQR controller
Here we choose Q and R matrixes as
3 0
5
0 3
Q and R
The value of obtained feedback gain matrix K of
LQR is given by
0.2166 0.2649K
4. Result and Discussion
In this section, the open loop simulation of the
generated voltage and power, the simulation of the
performance comparison of the proposed controllers
for generating a desired voltage is discussed below.
Figure 4. Open loop generated voltage
4. Researcher 2020;12(6) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher RSJ
20
4.1 Simulation of the open loop steam turbine
generator voltage and power
The open loop voltage and power generated for a
steam mass flow of 5 g/s input is shown in Figure 4
and Figure 5 respectively.
Figure 5. Open loop output power
As Figure 4 and Figure 5, in the first 10 seconds,
the voltage increases from 0 to 90 volts and it reaches
is steady state value of 90 volt and the output power is
1000 W. The induced voltage in the armature circuit
and the input power to the generator simulation result
is shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 respectively.
Figure 6. The induced voltage in the armature circuit
Figure 7. Input power
The efficiency of the system become
1000
100% 100% 76.92%
1300
Output power W
Input power W
4.2 Comparison of the Steam Turbine
Generator with Observer Based & LQR
Controllers for Generating a Desired Voltage
The simulation result of the performance of the
steam turbine generator with observer based & LQR
controllers for generating a desired voltage of 220 Dc
volt is shown in Figure 8 below.
Figure 8. Performance of the steam turbine generator
with observer based & LQR controllers for generating
a desired voltage of 220 Dc volt
As seen from Figure 8, the steam turbine
generator with observer based controller has a small
percentage overshoot and a settling time of 7 second
which is better than the steam turbine generator with
LQR controller and the open loop system.
5. Conclusion
In this paper, a simple steam turbine generator is
modeled and designed using a series wound Dc
generator. The open loop system is simulated for
generated voltage, input and output power. For a
steam mass flow of 5 g/s the steam turbine generator
generates a 90 volt with an output power of 1000 W.
The generator induced armature circuit voltage is
simulated with an input power of 1300 W. The
efficiency of the simple steam turbine generator is
76.92 %. Comparison of the steam turbine generator
with observer based & LQR controllers for generating
a desired voltage of 220 Dc volt have been simulated
and the simulation result shows that the steam turbine
generator with observer based controller has a small
percentage overshoot and less settling time than the
steam turbine generator with LQR controller and the
open loop system. Finally the comparison and analysis
result prove the effectiveness of the proposed steam
turbine generator with observer based controller.
Reference
1. K. Dinesh “Design and Structural Analysis of
Steam Turbine” Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, Vol. 13, Issue 1, pp. 162-164,
2018.
2. P. I. Onwuamaeze “Improving Steam Turbine
Efficiency: An Appraisal” Research Journal of
5. Researcher 2020;12(6) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher RSJ
21
Mechanical Operations, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 24-30,
2018.
3. Hosham S. et al. “Enhancement of Performance
for Steam Turbine in Thermal Power Plants
using Artificial Neural Network and Electric
Circuit Design” Applied Computational
Intelligence and Soft Computing, Vol. 2018,
Article ID. 8042498, 9 pages, 2018.
4. V I Brezgin et al. “Improvement of Steam
Turbine Operational Performance and Reliability
with using Modern Information Technologies”
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Vol. 891,
2017.
5. A. Sinan “Performance Analysis of a Steam
Turbine Power Plant at Part Load Conditions”
Journal of Thermal Engineering, Vol. 3, Issue 2,
pp. 1121-1128, 2017.
6. Li Sun et al. “Performance Modeling of New and
Existing Steam Turbines” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res,
Vol. 54, Issue 6, pp. 1908-1915, 2015.
7. G. Aravie et al. “Performance Modeling of
Steam Turbine Performance using Fuzzy Logic
Membership Functions” Journal of Applied
Sciences and Environmental Management, Vol.
19, No. 1, 2015.
6/20/2020