The document describes the design and optimization of a quad-band patch antenna for millimeter wave applications between 27-51 GHz. The proposed antenna incorporates two symmetric "U" shaped slots and a central "I" shaped slot etched into the ground plane of a circular patch antenna. Simulation results show that the antenna resonates at four frequencies in the Ka, V and W bands. Tuning the dimensions and positions of the slots can shift the resonant frequencies. The optimized antenna design achieves high gain across the operating bands making it suitable for millimeter wave applications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Parametric Variation Based Analysis AND Effective Design of Rectangular Patch...IOSR Journals
Abstract : This paperdevelops an understanding of creating and improving the design of microstripantenna by the performance analysis of resultsfromitsvarious configurationsrelating to rectangular patch microstripantenna. Furthermore, itaccommodates a simulated patch antennawith effective results for bluetooth applicationsatafrequency of 2.4GHz. The proposed antenna is not only designed on the formulated calculations but also analyzed on different sizes, positions and orientations of substrate, feeding point and slots respectively. Propagation parameters are greatly improved by amendments suggested by the analysis of the variation based studies provided by this paper. The initial resultsobtained using formulae based designs are compared with the ameliorated results to illustrate the effects of such variations on antenna parameters. The final antenna show significantly improved return losses of -46.7dB, VSWR of 1.0093, Bandwidth of 180MHz and a far field radiation pattern with a gain of 2.2782dB. The Antenna designed is optimized and interpreted with Ansoft HFSS 13.0 simulator. Keywords: Bluetooth, rectangular patch antenna, feedpoint, trial and error method, slot orientation, wide bandwidth
5G Fixed Beam Switching on Microstrip Patch Antenna IJECEIAES
5G technology is using millimeter-wave band to improve the wireless communication system. However, narrow transmitter and receiver beams have caused the beam coverage area to be limited. Due to propagation limitations of mm wave band, beam forming technology with multi-beam based communication system, has been focused to overcome the problem. In this letter, a fixed beam switching method is introduced. By changing the switches, four different configurations of patch array antennas are designed to investigate their performances in terms of radiation patterns, beam forming angle, gain, half-power bandwidth and impedance bandwidth at 28 GHz operating frequency for 5G application. Mircostrip antenna is preferred due to its low profile, easy in feeding and array configurations. Three different beam directions had been formed at -15°, 0°, and 15° with half-power bandwidth of range 45˚ to 50˚.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Improving Performance of Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna by Varying...IRJET Journal
This document describes research on improving the performance of a circularly polarized patch antenna by varying the position of a stub. The antenna studied is a three-layer stacked microstrip patch antenna. Initially, the antenna without a stub showed poor return loss and axial ratio, indicating random polarization. A stub was then introduced at the radiating edge to generate circular polarization. By varying the stub position, the researchers measured parameters like return loss, axial ratio, and radiation efficiency. The best results were a return loss of -21.091 dB, axial ratio of 1.643 dB, and 100% antenna efficiency, indicating the design achieved circular polarization.
IRJET- Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Smart Antenna ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and simulation of rectangular and circular microstrip patch antennas for smart antenna applications. Key points:
- Rectangular and circular patch antennas were designed and simulated in MATLAB to analyze parameters like resonant frequency, bandwidth, radiation pattern.
- A bipolar mechanism was proposed to increase efficiency and gain by inducing more surface currents on the patch. This reduces losses and improves the radiation pattern.
- Simulation results showed the frequency response and radiation patterns of the rectangular and circular patch antennas matched expected parameters.
- Smart antennas using adaptive beamforming techniques were discussed as promising for future wireless networks by improving spectrum efficiency and network optimization.
Developed high gain microstrip antenna like microphone structure for 5G appli...IJECEIAES
We present a new development of microstrip antenna structure combining a simple circular structure with a ring antenna structure as the parasitic element to improve the antenna gain and bandwidth for 5G mobile application. The proposed antenna was fed by a 50Ω microstrip feeding line due to its advantages in performance. The antenna was designed and simulated using a single substrate with double layered copper (top and bottom) with the radiating patch on the top layer and full ground on the bottom layer of the same substrate. Three antennas have been designed namely; design1, design2 and design3 to complete the research works. The antennas ware simulated and optimized at 18 GHz using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) with permittivity, r= 2.2 and thickness, h=1.57mm on low-loss material Roger RT-Duroid 5880 substrate. The antennas ware reasonably well matched at their corresponding frequency of operations. The simulation and measurement results have shown that the antenna works well. The simulation results have shown that the three antennas works well at the selected frequency. The final simulated antenna for design1, design2 and design3 has been fabricated to measure the performance and also to validate the simulation result with the measurement result. The measurement data for antenna design1, design2 and design3 shows frequency shift of 3% from the simulation result. The final protype of design3 gives 6.6dB gain,-14.51dB return loss, 180MHz bandwidth, and antenna efficiency of 53.9%. All three antennas ware measured using Vector network analyzer (VNA) and Anechoic chamber.
The document describes the design of a microstrip patch antenna with an inset feed for WiMAX and WLAN applications. It has the following key points:
1. The antenna is designed on a glass epoxy substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 to provide a wide bandwidth of 88.57% covering 1.01-2.62 GHz.
2. An inset feed technique is used which provides easy modeling, matching of the feed line, and fabrication.
3. Simulation results show the antenna has high gain up to 6 dBi and radiation efficiency of about 99%.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Parametric Variation Based Analysis AND Effective Design of Rectangular Patch...IOSR Journals
Abstract : This paperdevelops an understanding of creating and improving the design of microstripantenna by the performance analysis of resultsfromitsvarious configurationsrelating to rectangular patch microstripantenna. Furthermore, itaccommodates a simulated patch antennawith effective results for bluetooth applicationsatafrequency of 2.4GHz. The proposed antenna is not only designed on the formulated calculations but also analyzed on different sizes, positions and orientations of substrate, feeding point and slots respectively. Propagation parameters are greatly improved by amendments suggested by the analysis of the variation based studies provided by this paper. The initial resultsobtained using formulae based designs are compared with the ameliorated results to illustrate the effects of such variations on antenna parameters. The final antenna show significantly improved return losses of -46.7dB, VSWR of 1.0093, Bandwidth of 180MHz and a far field radiation pattern with a gain of 2.2782dB. The Antenna designed is optimized and interpreted with Ansoft HFSS 13.0 simulator. Keywords: Bluetooth, rectangular patch antenna, feedpoint, trial and error method, slot orientation, wide bandwidth
5G Fixed Beam Switching on Microstrip Patch Antenna IJECEIAES
5G technology is using millimeter-wave band to improve the wireless communication system. However, narrow transmitter and receiver beams have caused the beam coverage area to be limited. Due to propagation limitations of mm wave band, beam forming technology with multi-beam based communication system, has been focused to overcome the problem. In this letter, a fixed beam switching method is introduced. By changing the switches, four different configurations of patch array antennas are designed to investigate their performances in terms of radiation patterns, beam forming angle, gain, half-power bandwidth and impedance bandwidth at 28 GHz operating frequency for 5G application. Mircostrip antenna is preferred due to its low profile, easy in feeding and array configurations. Three different beam directions had been formed at -15°, 0°, and 15° with half-power bandwidth of range 45˚ to 50˚.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET- Improving Performance of Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna by Varying...IRJET Journal
This document describes research on improving the performance of a circularly polarized patch antenna by varying the position of a stub. The antenna studied is a three-layer stacked microstrip patch antenna. Initially, the antenna without a stub showed poor return loss and axial ratio, indicating random polarization. A stub was then introduced at the radiating edge to generate circular polarization. By varying the stub position, the researchers measured parameters like return loss, axial ratio, and radiation efficiency. The best results were a return loss of -21.091 dB, axial ratio of 1.643 dB, and 100% antenna efficiency, indicating the design achieved circular polarization.
IRJET- Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Smart Antenna ApplicationsIRJET Journal
This document describes the design and simulation of rectangular and circular microstrip patch antennas for smart antenna applications. Key points:
- Rectangular and circular patch antennas were designed and simulated in MATLAB to analyze parameters like resonant frequency, bandwidth, radiation pattern.
- A bipolar mechanism was proposed to increase efficiency and gain by inducing more surface currents on the patch. This reduces losses and improves the radiation pattern.
- Simulation results showed the frequency response and radiation patterns of the rectangular and circular patch antennas matched expected parameters.
- Smart antennas using adaptive beamforming techniques were discussed as promising for future wireless networks by improving spectrum efficiency and network optimization.
Developed high gain microstrip antenna like microphone structure for 5G appli...IJECEIAES
We present a new development of microstrip antenna structure combining a simple circular structure with a ring antenna structure as the parasitic element to improve the antenna gain and bandwidth for 5G mobile application. The proposed antenna was fed by a 50Ω microstrip feeding line due to its advantages in performance. The antenna was designed and simulated using a single substrate with double layered copper (top and bottom) with the radiating patch on the top layer and full ground on the bottom layer of the same substrate. Three antennas have been designed namely; design1, design2 and design3 to complete the research works. The antennas ware simulated and optimized at 18 GHz using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) with permittivity, r= 2.2 and thickness, h=1.57mm on low-loss material Roger RT-Duroid 5880 substrate. The antennas ware reasonably well matched at their corresponding frequency of operations. The simulation and measurement results have shown that the antenna works well. The simulation results have shown that the three antennas works well at the selected frequency. The final simulated antenna for design1, design2 and design3 has been fabricated to measure the performance and also to validate the simulation result with the measurement result. The measurement data for antenna design1, design2 and design3 shows frequency shift of 3% from the simulation result. The final protype of design3 gives 6.6dB gain,-14.51dB return loss, 180MHz bandwidth, and antenna efficiency of 53.9%. All three antennas ware measured using Vector network analyzer (VNA) and Anechoic chamber.
The document describes the design of a microstrip patch antenna with an inset feed for WiMAX and WLAN applications. It has the following key points:
1. The antenna is designed on a glass epoxy substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.4 to provide a wide bandwidth of 88.57% covering 1.01-2.62 GHz.
2. An inset feed technique is used which provides easy modeling, matching of the feed line, and fabrication.
3. Simulation results show the antenna has high gain up to 6 dBi and radiation efficiency of about 99%.
A Triple Band Bow Tie Array Antenna Using Both-sided MIC Technology IJECEIAES
A single-fed linearly polarized 2x2 microstrip bow tie array antenna is proposed. The feed network has microstrip line and slot line where microstrip-slot branch circuit is connected in parallel. The feed network of the array is designed using both-sided M IC Technology to overcome the impedance matching problem of conventional feed networks. The 2x2 half bow tie array antenna is also truncated with spur lines for optimization of antenna performance. The array antenna unit can be realized in very simple and compact structure, as all the antenna elements and the feeding circuit is arranged on a Teflon glass fiber substrate without requiring any external network. The design frequency of the proposed antenna is 5 to 8 GHz (C- Band) and the obtained peak gain is 12.41 dBi. The resultant axial ratio indicates that linear polarization is achieved.
This document describes the simulation and analysis of a dual band E-shape microstrip antenna for GPS applications. The antenna was designed to operate at frequencies of 1.625 GHz and 1.725 GHz. Simulation results using IE3D software showed return losses less than -10dB at both frequencies, with bandwidths of 5 MHz. Radiation patterns and VSWR were also analyzed, demonstrating dual band behavior with good performance characteristics for wireless communication applications. In conclusion, the E-shape design with slot loading provides a compact antenna with dual band capability.
Design & Simulation of E-Shaped Micro Strip Patch Antenna for GPS ApplicationIJERA Editor
Micro strip antennas are widely used in many applications due to their low Profile, low cost and ease of fabrication. In some applications it is desired to have a dual band or multiband characteristics. This paper presents the design and simulation of E-shape micro strip patch antenna with wideband operating frequency for wireless application. The shape will provide the broad bandwidth which is required in various application like remote sensing, biomedical application, mobile radio, satellite communication etc. The antenna design is an improvement from previous research and it is simulated using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 13.0 software. GPS provides specially coded satellite signals that can be processed with a GPS receiver enabling the receiver to compute position, velocity and time. Coaxial feed or probe feed technique is used. Parametric study was included to determine affect of design towards the antenna performance. Radiation performance of the designed antenna is simulated using the HFSS software version 13.0. The performance of the designed antenna was analyzed in term of bandwidth, gain, return loss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. The design was optimized to meet the best possible result. Substrate used was air which has a dielectric constant of 1.0006. The results show the wideband antenna is able to operate from 8.80 GHz to 13.49 GHz frequency band with optimum frequency at 8.73 GHz. Due to the compact area occupied. The pro-posed antenna is promising to be embedded within the different portable devices employing GPS applications.
This document discusses a proposed design for a wideband compact microstrip antenna using a finite ground plane. The design uses a modified square patch with corner cuts and slits to achieve a bandwidth of 37.47% around a center frequency of 4.35GHz. Simulation results show the antenna achieves good impedance matching and radiation characteristics for wireless communication applications.
A Miniature BroadBand Microstrip Antenna for LTE, Wi-Fi and WiMAX Applications IJECEIAES
A Compact microstrip antenna with rectangular slotted radiating element has been developed. Four slots have been introduced on the radiating element with the use of a partial ground plane and a wideband response has been obtained. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 1.7 GHz with a percentage bandwidth of 71%. A low-cost dielectric (FR4_EPOXY) has been considered in the development of the proposed antenna. The obtained frequency band is from 1.9 GHz to 3.6 GHz. To investigate the robustness of our modelled antenna the simulation process has been carried out using two different solvers (Finite Element Method and Finite Integration Technique). In addition, the designed antenna was realized and these results were compared with those of the simulation. The proposed antenna is suitable for many LTE bands {1, 3, 7… 38, 40} broadly deployed in European, South American, Asian, and African countries, Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), and WiMAX technology (3.5 GHz).
Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using artificial magnetic conductorjournalBEEI
The paper presents an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure to enhance the gain of the double microstrip patch antenna. By placing this kind of metamaterial in between the two Rogers RT5880 substrates, the antenna achieved lots of improvement especially in terms of size miniaturization, bandwidth, return loss, gain and efficiency. The antenna is intended to operate at 16 GHz where the prospect fifth generation (5G) spectrum might be located. Integration of AMC structure into the proposed antenna helps to improve nearly 16.3% of gain and almost 23.6% of size reduction.
expanding the bandwidth of rectangular microstrip antenna by inserting a slotINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
In this work we were able to improve the reflection coefficient S11 and bandwidth BW of a rectangular microstrip antenna fed by a coaxial cable firstly by adjusting a the feed point and secondly by inserting a rectangular slot in the radiating element The results obtained using the HFSS software, have been compared by those published. These results are very satisfying.
IRJET- Design and Simulation of Mm Wave Sierpinski Antenna Loaded with Unipla...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design and simulation of a Sierpinski fractal antenna loaded with an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure for 5G applications in the millimeter wave bands. The Sierpinski fractal antenna achieves multi-band operation at 29.05 GHz, 35.75 GHz, and 41 GHz but has low gain. An optimized unipolar EBG unit cell is proposed to load onto the antenna for gain enhancement. Simulation results show the EBG-loaded antenna achieves peak gains of 5.37 dBi at 28 GHz and 14.37 dBi at 68 GHz, improving on the low gain of the unloaded antenna. The compact, multi-band antenna design makes it a suitable
Extended-Bandwidth Microstrip Circular Patch Antenna for Dual Band Applications IJECEIAES
This paper presents a new wideband microstrip circular patch antenna (MCPA) fed by proximity-coupled line with double-stub matching to achieve dual-band operation. Bandwidth extension is achieved by exciting higherorder modes in the circular radiating patch, and using two stubs to achieve adequate matching across the obtained two bands. The characteristics of the antenna such as reflection coefficient, impedance bandwidth, gain and radiation pattern are investigated and optimized through parametric studies using the CST Microwave Studio Suite. The antenna achieved a large relative bandwidth of 45.16% at the upper band, while the lower one has 10.3% relative bandwidth. The maximum achieved gain of the dual-band antenna in the 5.8GHz band is 4.62dBi while it is 4.85dBi in the upper band. The antenna has an overall size of 30×30×3.2mm3 corresponding to 0.58λ × 0.58 λ × 0.062 λ at the lower band of 5.8 GHz. The proposed antenna should be useful for WLAN and X-band communication systems.
IRJET - Design and Simulation of Multiband Microstrip AntennaIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and simulation of a multiband microstrip antenna. It begins with an abstract describing how fractal geometries have been used to improve antenna features like bandwidth. It then provides background on previous research using fractal shapes to design wideband and multiband antennas. This project aims to enhance bandwidth by combining different geometries into a hybrid fractal antenna. The antenna is analyzed using CST Microwave Studio software. Various feeding techniques and fractal geometries are tested to optimize parameters like efficiency and bandwidth. The document concludes the antenna has a wider bandwidth than regular antennas and further optimization of parameters could increase bandwidth for multiple applications.
Comparison between Rectangular and Circular Patch Antennas Arrayijceronline
In this paper, several designs of micorstip arrays antennas, suitable for wireless communication applications, are presented. This paper demonstratesseveral shapesof microstrip array antennas, such as rectangular and circular patch antennas array. Specifically, 4x1, 2x1, and single element of both shapes are designed and simulated bya full wave simulator(IE3d). Moreover, this paper presents acomparison between both rectangular and circular antenna arrays.Since, the resonance frequency of these antennas is 2.4 GHz, these antennas are suitable for ISM band and WLAN.
Comparative Isolation Techniques of 1x2 MIMO Antenna for 5Gjournal ijrtem
ABSTRACT : In this paper a simple mender line EBG with slotted ground planer 1x2 rectangle patch multi-band antenna is designed and simulated. Presently the communication system provides the ultra wideband internet services. This is possible due to higher data rates and improved spectral efficiency of the communication system. The higher data rates and improved spectral efficiency are achieved by the use of MIMO antenna. MIMO antenna provide a significant increase in data rate and range of link without more bandwidth and power. The main design challenge in MIMO antenna is to attain high isolation between the antenna elements. This paper reviews various decoupling techniques to improve the mutual coupling between the antenna elements.
This document summarizes a research paper that designed and simulated a microstrip patch antenna with an H-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) for bandwidth improvement and miniaturization. Key findings include:
1) A conventional square patch antenna was designed to resonate at 2.36GHz.
2) An H-shaped DGS was embedded in the ground plane of the antenna to perturb the current distribution and affect the input impedance.
3) Simulations showed the DGS antennas resonated at lower frequencies than the conventional antenna, with impedance bandwidth improvements up to 500MHz and size reductions up to 65.51%.
4) Radiation patterns of the DGS antennas remained nearly omn
Design of Circular Patch with Double C-Shaped Slot Microstrip Antenna for LTE...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The design of a circular patch microstrip antenna with double C-shaped for LTE 1800 MHz is
presented. The antenna is designed using FR-4 with dielectric constant of ε = 4.3, with thickness of
substrate that is 1.6 mm and the thickness of patch and ground are 0.025 mm, Respectively the simulation
results presented that the antenna works at frequency of 1714-1889.6 MHz, and work very well at
frequency of 1800 MHz with a Return loss -20.484 dB, bandwidth 175.6 MHz. Technique used for broaden
the bandwidth by using double C-shaped slot. In this paper presents S-Parameters, and Gain of microstrip
antenna circular patch with double C-shaped slot.
Wideband msa for dual band operation using slot loaded finiteIAEME Publication
This document discusses a modified square microstrip patch antenna with slot loaded finite ground plane for dual band operation. Corner cuts and slits are inserted in the radiating patch to achieve dual band operation with wide bandwidth. Simulation results show operating frequencies of 3.21 GHz and 4.03 GHz with impedance bandwidths of 15.58% and 27.8%, respectively. The compact dual band antenna design with wide bandwidth makes it suitable for wireless communication applications.
TRI-BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR S-BAND NANO SATELLITE APPLICATION USING...ijsrd.com
It's the generation of tiny satellites which basically needs all its components to be miniature. The product proposed here is one such component, a tri band micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.6GHz, 3.6GHz S-band frequencies and 5.8 GHz. This real-time project work deals with a rectangular patch antenna operating at different frequencies working for various applications. The proposed S-Band Patch antenna is being designed and simulated using HFSS software. Obtaining optimum bandwidth efficiency by choosing suitable size without affecting any other parameters of the antenna is the challenge taken over in this project. The low profile, less weight patch antenna has antenna element of physical dimension 40x40x2.6mm .The substrate material being used is Alumina with dielectric constant 9.6. This antenna is designed to be used for TTC and payload downlink purposes. The designed patch array antenna meets all the parametric needs for a Polar orbiting satellite at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region.
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Antenna for CDMA Systems CommunicationIOSR Journals
This paper proposes a newly designed microstrip patch antennas (MSA) for wireless application
(CDMA Systems). The designed single antenna E-shaped patch antenna. Two parallel slots are in corporated
into the patch of a microstrip antenna to expand it bandwidth, and designed antenna operates in the frequency
range of 1.85 to 1.99 GHz. The antenna is designed using air as a dielectric substrate between the ground plane
and substrate patch antenna. IE3D is a full-wave electromagnetic simulator based on the method of moments
(MoM) technique. It has been widely used in the design of MICs, RFICs, patch antennas, wire antennas, and
other RF/wireless antennas. It can be used to calculate and plot the S parameters, VSWR, current distributions
as well as the radiation patterns. The results obtained for each patch were 2D and 3D view of patch, Directivity,
Gain, beam width and other such parameters, true and mapped 3D radiation pattern, and 2D polar radiation
pattern. The antenna successfully achieves the exhibit a broad impedance bandwidth of 27 % (at VSWR < 2)
with respect to the center frequency of 1.9 GHz is designed, fabricated, and finally measured on Spectrum
analyzer. The radiation pattern and directivity are also presented.. Gain maximum achievable is 3 dBi and good
return loss (S11 parameters) of -30 dB is achieved along with broadside radiation pattern.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Antenna array design with rectangular ring slot for 5G technologyTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A patch antenna with rectangular-shaped ring slot that fed by a coaxial probe is proposed in this
article as the single element for planar patch array antenna design to meet the requirement of multiple
input multiple output (MIMO) in fifth generation (5G) technology. Initially, the single antenna element is
designed at three different center frequencies of 0.85, 1.9 and 2.6 GHz to cover the mobile operating
frequency of 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.6 GHz, which considering the proposed 5G spectrum below than
6 GHz. The rectangular-shaped ring slot is introduced to the patch antenna with the partial ground plane to
widen the bandwidth performance. The designed single element is then arranged to design planar arrays
of 2x2. Each of elements in the planar array is fed by a coaxial probe. The designs are utilizing a
high-performance substrate, Rogers 6010LM.
A Compact Dual Band Elliptical Microstrip Antenna for Ku/K Band Satellite App...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an original elliptical microstrip patch antenna is proposed for Ku/K band satellite applications. The proposed antenna has a simple structure, small size with dimensions of about 10×12×1.58 mm³. The antenna has been designed and simulated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.58 mm. The design is simulated by two different electromagnetic solvers. The results from the measured data show that the antenna has two resonant frequencies that define 2 bandwidths, defined by a return loss of less than -10 dB, and are: (14.44 GHz, 829 MHz) and (21.05 GHz, 5126 MHz),with the gain 5.59 dB and 5.048 dB respectively. The proposed antenna can be used in many applications such as in satellite, and wireless communications.
E shape microstrip patch antenna design for wimax applications, international...Sk Sohag
This paper presents the design & simulation of E-shape microstrip patch antenna exhibiting wideband operating frequencies for various wireless applications. This antenna will provide the wide bandwidth which is required in various applications like remote sensing, biomedical application, mobile radio satellite, wireless communication etc. The coaxial feed or probe feed technique is used in the experiment. The performance of the designed antenna was analyzed in terms of bandwidth, gain, return loss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. The design is optimized to meet the best possible result. The proposed antenna is designed by air substrate which has a dielectric constant of 1.0006. The results show the wideband antenna is able to operate from 8.80 to 13.49 GHz frequency band with optimum frequency at 8.73 GHz.
The document describes the design and simulation of a dual-band microstrip patch antenna with a defected ground structure for STM-1 and cellular applications at 4.9 GHz and 7.6 GHz. A rectangular patch antenna was designed on a dielectric substrate above a ground plane. Two slots were etched into the ground plane to create a defected ground structure. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved return losses of -12.75 dB and -13.01 dB at 4.9 GHz and 7.6 GHz respectively, meeting the design requirements. Parameters like slot width and feed length were optimized to improve impedance matching and bandwidth. The antenna design demonstrates a technique for dual-band operation using a defected ground structure.
A Triple Band Bow Tie Array Antenna Using Both-sided MIC Technology IJECEIAES
A single-fed linearly polarized 2x2 microstrip bow tie array antenna is proposed. The feed network has microstrip line and slot line where microstrip-slot branch circuit is connected in parallel. The feed network of the array is designed using both-sided M IC Technology to overcome the impedance matching problem of conventional feed networks. The 2x2 half bow tie array antenna is also truncated with spur lines for optimization of antenna performance. The array antenna unit can be realized in very simple and compact structure, as all the antenna elements and the feeding circuit is arranged on a Teflon glass fiber substrate without requiring any external network. The design frequency of the proposed antenna is 5 to 8 GHz (C- Band) and the obtained peak gain is 12.41 dBi. The resultant axial ratio indicates that linear polarization is achieved.
This document describes the simulation and analysis of a dual band E-shape microstrip antenna for GPS applications. The antenna was designed to operate at frequencies of 1.625 GHz and 1.725 GHz. Simulation results using IE3D software showed return losses less than -10dB at both frequencies, with bandwidths of 5 MHz. Radiation patterns and VSWR were also analyzed, demonstrating dual band behavior with good performance characteristics for wireless communication applications. In conclusion, the E-shape design with slot loading provides a compact antenna with dual band capability.
Design & Simulation of E-Shaped Micro Strip Patch Antenna for GPS ApplicationIJERA Editor
Micro strip antennas are widely used in many applications due to their low Profile, low cost and ease of fabrication. In some applications it is desired to have a dual band or multiband characteristics. This paper presents the design and simulation of E-shape micro strip patch antenna with wideband operating frequency for wireless application. The shape will provide the broad bandwidth which is required in various application like remote sensing, biomedical application, mobile radio, satellite communication etc. The antenna design is an improvement from previous research and it is simulated using HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) version 13.0 software. GPS provides specially coded satellite signals that can be processed with a GPS receiver enabling the receiver to compute position, velocity and time. Coaxial feed or probe feed technique is used. Parametric study was included to determine affect of design towards the antenna performance. Radiation performance of the designed antenna is simulated using the HFSS software version 13.0. The performance of the designed antenna was analyzed in term of bandwidth, gain, return loss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. The design was optimized to meet the best possible result. Substrate used was air which has a dielectric constant of 1.0006. The results show the wideband antenna is able to operate from 8.80 GHz to 13.49 GHz frequency band with optimum frequency at 8.73 GHz. Due to the compact area occupied. The pro-posed antenna is promising to be embedded within the different portable devices employing GPS applications.
This document discusses a proposed design for a wideband compact microstrip antenna using a finite ground plane. The design uses a modified square patch with corner cuts and slits to achieve a bandwidth of 37.47% around a center frequency of 4.35GHz. Simulation results show the antenna achieves good impedance matching and radiation characteristics for wireless communication applications.
A Miniature BroadBand Microstrip Antenna for LTE, Wi-Fi and WiMAX Applications IJECEIAES
A Compact microstrip antenna with rectangular slotted radiating element has been developed. Four slots have been introduced on the radiating element with the use of a partial ground plane and a wideband response has been obtained. The bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 1.7 GHz with a percentage bandwidth of 71%. A low-cost dielectric (FR4_EPOXY) has been considered in the development of the proposed antenna. The obtained frequency band is from 1.9 GHz to 3.6 GHz. To investigate the robustness of our modelled antenna the simulation process has been carried out using two different solvers (Finite Element Method and Finite Integration Technique). In addition, the designed antenna was realized and these results were compared with those of the simulation. The proposed antenna is suitable for many LTE bands {1, 3, 7… 38, 40} broadly deployed in European, South American, Asian, and African countries, Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz), and WiMAX technology (3.5 GHz).
Gain enhancement of microstrip patch antenna using artificial magnetic conductorjournalBEEI
The paper presents an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structure to enhance the gain of the double microstrip patch antenna. By placing this kind of metamaterial in between the two Rogers RT5880 substrates, the antenna achieved lots of improvement especially in terms of size miniaturization, bandwidth, return loss, gain and efficiency. The antenna is intended to operate at 16 GHz where the prospect fifth generation (5G) spectrum might be located. Integration of AMC structure into the proposed antenna helps to improve nearly 16.3% of gain and almost 23.6% of size reduction.
expanding the bandwidth of rectangular microstrip antenna by inserting a slotINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
In this work we were able to improve the reflection coefficient S11 and bandwidth BW of a rectangular microstrip antenna fed by a coaxial cable firstly by adjusting a the feed point and secondly by inserting a rectangular slot in the radiating element The results obtained using the HFSS software, have been compared by those published. These results are very satisfying.
IRJET- Design and Simulation of Mm Wave Sierpinski Antenna Loaded with Unipla...IRJET Journal
The document describes the design and simulation of a Sierpinski fractal antenna loaded with an electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structure for 5G applications in the millimeter wave bands. The Sierpinski fractal antenna achieves multi-band operation at 29.05 GHz, 35.75 GHz, and 41 GHz but has low gain. An optimized unipolar EBG unit cell is proposed to load onto the antenna for gain enhancement. Simulation results show the EBG-loaded antenna achieves peak gains of 5.37 dBi at 28 GHz and 14.37 dBi at 68 GHz, improving on the low gain of the unloaded antenna. The compact, multi-band antenna design makes it a suitable
Extended-Bandwidth Microstrip Circular Patch Antenna for Dual Band Applications IJECEIAES
This paper presents a new wideband microstrip circular patch antenna (MCPA) fed by proximity-coupled line with double-stub matching to achieve dual-band operation. Bandwidth extension is achieved by exciting higherorder modes in the circular radiating patch, and using two stubs to achieve adequate matching across the obtained two bands. The characteristics of the antenna such as reflection coefficient, impedance bandwidth, gain and radiation pattern are investigated and optimized through parametric studies using the CST Microwave Studio Suite. The antenna achieved a large relative bandwidth of 45.16% at the upper band, while the lower one has 10.3% relative bandwidth. The maximum achieved gain of the dual-band antenna in the 5.8GHz band is 4.62dBi while it is 4.85dBi in the upper band. The antenna has an overall size of 30×30×3.2mm3 corresponding to 0.58λ × 0.58 λ × 0.062 λ at the lower band of 5.8 GHz. The proposed antenna should be useful for WLAN and X-band communication systems.
IRJET - Design and Simulation of Multiband Microstrip AntennaIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and simulation of a multiband microstrip antenna. It begins with an abstract describing how fractal geometries have been used to improve antenna features like bandwidth. It then provides background on previous research using fractal shapes to design wideband and multiband antennas. This project aims to enhance bandwidth by combining different geometries into a hybrid fractal antenna. The antenna is analyzed using CST Microwave Studio software. Various feeding techniques and fractal geometries are tested to optimize parameters like efficiency and bandwidth. The document concludes the antenna has a wider bandwidth than regular antennas and further optimization of parameters could increase bandwidth for multiple applications.
Comparison between Rectangular and Circular Patch Antennas Arrayijceronline
In this paper, several designs of micorstip arrays antennas, suitable for wireless communication applications, are presented. This paper demonstratesseveral shapesof microstrip array antennas, such as rectangular and circular patch antennas array. Specifically, 4x1, 2x1, and single element of both shapes are designed and simulated bya full wave simulator(IE3d). Moreover, this paper presents acomparison between both rectangular and circular antenna arrays.Since, the resonance frequency of these antennas is 2.4 GHz, these antennas are suitable for ISM band and WLAN.
Comparative Isolation Techniques of 1x2 MIMO Antenna for 5Gjournal ijrtem
ABSTRACT : In this paper a simple mender line EBG with slotted ground planer 1x2 rectangle patch multi-band antenna is designed and simulated. Presently the communication system provides the ultra wideband internet services. This is possible due to higher data rates and improved spectral efficiency of the communication system. The higher data rates and improved spectral efficiency are achieved by the use of MIMO antenna. MIMO antenna provide a significant increase in data rate and range of link without more bandwidth and power. The main design challenge in MIMO antenna is to attain high isolation between the antenna elements. This paper reviews various decoupling techniques to improve the mutual coupling between the antenna elements.
This document summarizes a research paper that designed and simulated a microstrip patch antenna with an H-shaped defected ground structure (DGS) for bandwidth improvement and miniaturization. Key findings include:
1) A conventional square patch antenna was designed to resonate at 2.36GHz.
2) An H-shaped DGS was embedded in the ground plane of the antenna to perturb the current distribution and affect the input impedance.
3) Simulations showed the DGS antennas resonated at lower frequencies than the conventional antenna, with impedance bandwidth improvements up to 500MHz and size reductions up to 65.51%.
4) Radiation patterns of the DGS antennas remained nearly omn
Design of Circular Patch with Double C-Shaped Slot Microstrip Antenna for LTE...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The design of a circular patch microstrip antenna with double C-shaped for LTE 1800 MHz is
presented. The antenna is designed using FR-4 with dielectric constant of ε = 4.3, with thickness of
substrate that is 1.6 mm and the thickness of patch and ground are 0.025 mm, Respectively the simulation
results presented that the antenna works at frequency of 1714-1889.6 MHz, and work very well at
frequency of 1800 MHz with a Return loss -20.484 dB, bandwidth 175.6 MHz. Technique used for broaden
the bandwidth by using double C-shaped slot. In this paper presents S-Parameters, and Gain of microstrip
antenna circular patch with double C-shaped slot.
Wideband msa for dual band operation using slot loaded finiteIAEME Publication
This document discusses a modified square microstrip patch antenna with slot loaded finite ground plane for dual band operation. Corner cuts and slits are inserted in the radiating patch to achieve dual band operation with wide bandwidth. Simulation results show operating frequencies of 3.21 GHz and 4.03 GHz with impedance bandwidths of 15.58% and 27.8%, respectively. The compact dual band antenna design with wide bandwidth makes it suitable for wireless communication applications.
TRI-BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA FOR S-BAND NANO SATELLITE APPLICATION USING...ijsrd.com
It's the generation of tiny satellites which basically needs all its components to be miniature. The product proposed here is one such component, a tri band micro strip patch antenna operating at 2.6GHz, 3.6GHz S-band frequencies and 5.8 GHz. This real-time project work deals with a rectangular patch antenna operating at different frequencies working for various applications. The proposed S-Band Patch antenna is being designed and simulated using HFSS software. Obtaining optimum bandwidth efficiency by choosing suitable size without affecting any other parameters of the antenna is the challenge taken over in this project. The low profile, less weight patch antenna has antenna element of physical dimension 40x40x2.6mm .The substrate material being used is Alumina with dielectric constant 9.6. This antenna is designed to be used for TTC and payload downlink purposes. The designed patch array antenna meets all the parametric needs for a Polar orbiting satellite at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) region.
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Antenna for CDMA Systems CommunicationIOSR Journals
This paper proposes a newly designed microstrip patch antennas (MSA) for wireless application
(CDMA Systems). The designed single antenna E-shaped patch antenna. Two parallel slots are in corporated
into the patch of a microstrip antenna to expand it bandwidth, and designed antenna operates in the frequency
range of 1.85 to 1.99 GHz. The antenna is designed using air as a dielectric substrate between the ground plane
and substrate patch antenna. IE3D is a full-wave electromagnetic simulator based on the method of moments
(MoM) technique. It has been widely used in the design of MICs, RFICs, patch antennas, wire antennas, and
other RF/wireless antennas. It can be used to calculate and plot the S parameters, VSWR, current distributions
as well as the radiation patterns. The results obtained for each patch were 2D and 3D view of patch, Directivity,
Gain, beam width and other such parameters, true and mapped 3D radiation pattern, and 2D polar radiation
pattern. The antenna successfully achieves the exhibit a broad impedance bandwidth of 27 % (at VSWR < 2)
with respect to the center frequency of 1.9 GHz is designed, fabricated, and finally measured on Spectrum
analyzer. The radiation pattern and directivity are also presented.. Gain maximum achievable is 3 dBi and good
return loss (S11 parameters) of -30 dB is achieved along with broadside radiation pattern.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER) ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
Antenna array design with rectangular ring slot for 5G technologyTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
A patch antenna with rectangular-shaped ring slot that fed by a coaxial probe is proposed in this
article as the single element for planar patch array antenna design to meet the requirement of multiple
input multiple output (MIMO) in fifth generation (5G) technology. Initially, the single antenna element is
designed at three different center frequencies of 0.85, 1.9 and 2.6 GHz to cover the mobile operating
frequency of 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 1.8, 2.1 and 2.6 GHz, which considering the proposed 5G spectrum below than
6 GHz. The rectangular-shaped ring slot is introduced to the patch antenna with the partial ground plane to
widen the bandwidth performance. The designed single element is then arranged to design planar arrays
of 2x2. Each of elements in the planar array is fed by a coaxial probe. The designs are utilizing a
high-performance substrate, Rogers 6010LM.
A Compact Dual Band Elliptical Microstrip Antenna for Ku/K Band Satellite App...IJECEIAES
This paper presents an original elliptical microstrip patch antenna is proposed for Ku/K band satellite applications. The proposed antenna has a simple structure, small size with dimensions of about 10×12×1.58 mm³. The antenna has been designed and simulated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant 4.4 and thickness of 1.58 mm. The design is simulated by two different electromagnetic solvers. The results from the measured data show that the antenna has two resonant frequencies that define 2 bandwidths, defined by a return loss of less than -10 dB, and are: (14.44 GHz, 829 MHz) and (21.05 GHz, 5126 MHz),with the gain 5.59 dB and 5.048 dB respectively. The proposed antenna can be used in many applications such as in satellite, and wireless communications.
E shape microstrip patch antenna design for wimax applications, international...Sk Sohag
This paper presents the design & simulation of E-shape microstrip patch antenna exhibiting wideband operating frequencies for various wireless applications. This antenna will provide the wide bandwidth which is required in various applications like remote sensing, biomedical application, mobile radio satellite, wireless communication etc. The coaxial feed or probe feed technique is used in the experiment. The performance of the designed antenna was analyzed in terms of bandwidth, gain, return loss, VSWR, and radiation pattern. The design is optimized to meet the best possible result. The proposed antenna is designed by air substrate which has a dielectric constant of 1.0006. The results show the wideband antenna is able to operate from 8.80 to 13.49 GHz frequency band with optimum frequency at 8.73 GHz.
The document describes the design and simulation of a dual-band microstrip patch antenna with a defected ground structure for STM-1 and cellular applications at 4.9 GHz and 7.6 GHz. A rectangular patch antenna was designed on a dielectric substrate above a ground plane. Two slots were etched into the ground plane to create a defected ground structure. Simulation results showed the antenna achieved return losses of -12.75 dB and -13.01 dB at 4.9 GHz and 7.6 GHz respectively, meeting the design requirements. Parameters like slot width and feed length were optimized to improve impedance matching and bandwidth. The antenna design demonstrates a technique for dual-band operation using a defected ground structure.
In this paper microstrip patch antenna is designed for 2.4GHz frequency. For the antenna miniaturization and bandwidth improvement H-shaped DGS on microstrip patch antenna (MSA) is used. The design of DGS has been analyzed for different dimensions of H-slot and achieved optimized dimensions.The simulation process has been done through Finite Element Machine (FEM) based software High Frequency Structure Simulator ( HFSS) software. The properties of antenna such as reflection co-efficient, bandwidth and gain are determined and compared with the properties of single element square patch antenna.Further proposed antennas performance is studied for different size of defect on the same patch antenna. Proposed antenna finds its application in wireless LAN protocols such as Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 and in 2.4GHz ISM Band.
Design & Simulation of 8-Shape Slotted Microstrip Patch Antenna
This paper presents an 8-shape slotted microstrip patch antenna. The antenna is fed by microstrip
transmission line. The proposed antenna is simulated with the help of commercially available GEMS software
based on the parallel FDTD algorithm. The antenna is designed by FR4 substrate and ground plane with an area
50mm×40mm×1.60 mm. The designed antenna generates three resonant modes at 2.12 GHz, 6.98 GHz and 13.84
GHz respectively. The bandwidths of the antenna (-10 dB) of the three frequencies are 25.75%, 6.13% and
20.63% respectively. The return loss (S ) characteristics for the three bands are -41.95 dB, -22.68 dB and -23.15
11
dB respectively. The 3D radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are provided in the paper.
This document analyzes how increasing the surface area of a microstrip patch antenna affects its bandwidth. It begins by designing a basic rectangular microstrip patch antenna and simulating it to obtain a bandwidth of 1.4 GHz. Notches and slots are then added to the patch to increase its surface area. A dual H-shaped patch antenna with a H-shaped skeleton yields a bandwidth of 3.4 GHz and gain of 5 dB. Replacing the skeleton with dual U-slots results in a bandwidth of 3.5 GHz between 5.5-9 GHz and increased gain. In conclusion, increasing the patch's surface area through modifications like slots and notches can significantly improve the antenna's bandwidth.
“Designed and Simulation Modified H Shaped” Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
This paper describes a new microstrip patch antenna which is presented by using a IE3D software
.These antenna is named as “Designed and simulation of modified H shaped microstrip patch antenna”. A
simulation result has been obtained which states that the microstrip patch antenna possess predictable multi
band characteristics. The result shows that the designed antenna can operated in three different frequency
bands with bandwidth of 2.68%, 10.23%, 5.60%.the resonating behavior makes this antenna suitable for
different type of applications.
“Designed and Simulation Modified H Shaped” Microstrip Patch AntennaIOSR Journals
Abstract : This paper describes a new microstrip patch antenna which is presented by using a IE3D software .These antenna is named as “Designed and simulation of modified H shaped microstrip patch antenna”. A simulation result has been obtained which states that the microstrip patch antenna possess predictable multi band characteristics. The result shows that the designed antenna can operated in three different frequency bands with bandwidth of 2.68%, 10.23%, 5.60%.the resonating behavior makes this antenna suitable for different type of applications. Keywords: Patch Antenna, Microstrip antenna, Multiband, narrowband, Radome
iaetsd A multiband mimo microstrip patch antenna for wirelessIaetsd Iaetsd
This document describes the design of a multiband MIMO microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications. The antenna consists of two modified rectangular patch elements arranged perpendicularly on an FR4 substrate, with a defective ground structure. The antenna was simulated using CST Microwave Studio and was found to resonate at multiple bands between 7.14-10.2 GHz with VSWR ≤ 2. A 2x1 MIMO implementation showed mutual coupling below -10 dB and envelope correlation coefficient below 0.01, indicating good isolation and diversity performance across the operating bands. The compact multiband MIMO antenna design has potential for use in wireless communication systems.
This document describes the design and analysis of a microstrip patch antenna for radar communication applications. It begins with an introduction to microstrip patch antennas and their advantages. It then reviews past literature on techniques to increase bandwidth in microstrip patch antennas, such as using inset feeds and electromagnetically coupled layers. The document presents the design of a two-layer electromagnetically coupled rectangular patch antenna with a microstrip-line inset feed. Simulation results show the antenna achieves minimized return loss for wireless applications. In conclusion, the proposed antenna design reduces return loss compared to existing designs and could be useful for high frequency applications such as radar communication.
IRJET - Co-Axial Fed Tri-Slot Antenna for Triple-Band ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document describes the simulation and design of a coaxial fed tri-band microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication applications. The antenna is designed to operate in three bands: 2.28-2.35 GHz, 4.05-4.11 GHz, and 5.8-5.9 GHz. Rectangular slots are introduced on the patch to achieve the triple band performance. The dimensions of the slots and ground plane as well as the feed position are optimized using HFSS simulator. Simulation results show return losses less than -25 dB across the three bands and VSWR less than 2, indicating good impedance matching between the feed line and patch. Radiation patterns and efficiencies over 95% are obtained at the center frequencies
Design of Compact E-Shaped Slot Multiband Antenna Wireless SystemsIRJET Journal
The document describes the design of a compact E-shaped slot multiband antenna for wireless applications. The antenna is designed to resonate at 1.2 GHz, 2.5 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 6.75 GHz, covering applications such as WiFi/WLAN, WiMAX, LTE, and ISM. An E-shaped slot is etched in the patch and a circular patch is attached to the ground plane to achieve multiband operation. Simulation results show the antenna offers good return loss response below -10 dB at the four bands with a total bandwidth of 2990 MHz. Radiation patterns are omni-directional, making the antenna suitable for wireless communication systems. The compact design and multiband performance make
Microstrip Rectangular Monopole Antennas with Defected Ground for UWB Applica...IJECEIAES
This paper presents the design of new compact antennas for ultra wide band applications. Each antenna consists of a rectangular patch fed by 50Ω microstrip transmission line and the ground element is a defected ground structure (DGS). The aim of this study is to improve the bandwidth of these antennas by using DGS and the modification geometry of rectangular structure, which gives new compact antennas for UWB applications. The input impedance bandwidth of the antennas with S11<-10dB is more than 10GHz, from 3GHz to more than 14 GHz. The proposed antennas are investigated and optimized by using CST microwave studio, they are validated by using another electromagnetic solver Ansoft HFSS. The measured parameters present good agreement with simulation. The final antenna structures offer excellent performances for UWB system.
IRJET - Multiband Concentric Ring Circular Microstrip Patch AntennaIRJET Journal
This document describes a multiband circular microstrip patch antenna with concentric rings. The antenna is designed to operate in the X-band frequency of 10 GHz but provides high gain and bandwidth across other frequency bands as well. The antenna structure consists of a circular patch surrounded by concentric circular strips connected to each other. Simulation results show the antenna resonates at 6 frequencies between 7.6-12 GHz. The maximum gain is approximately 7.5 dBi and maximum bandwidth is around 500 MHz. The antenna design provides multiband capability with high gain using a simple, easy-to-fabricate structure.
Microstrip patch antennas are the most common form
of printed antennas. They became very popular due to their low
profile geometry, light weight and low cost. A Rectangular
Microstrip Patch Antenna with probe feed and substrate used is
Arlon AD260 has the relative permittivity of which is 2.6 is
designed and simulated using high frequency structure simulator
(HFSS). All the Parameters of this microsrip patch Antenna such
as bandwidth, S - parameter, Reflection loss and VSWR has been
found and plotted. The main objective of this work is to consider
the reactive loading effect on the patch and its effect towards the
improvement of the antenna characteristics, particularly the
radiation characteristics in principle plane (E and H) is
examined. As per theoretical approach reactive loading creates
either capacitive loading or inductive loading. Due to this effect
the antenna performance may be degraded or enhanced in terms
of efficiency, isolation, gain, impedance matching etc. The results
of this designed antenna are compared with the existing Micro
strip antenna
Multiband Circular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN Applicationtheijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Microstrip patch antenna with metamaterial using superstrate technique for wi...journalBEEI
This work builds a metamaterial (MTM) superstrate loaded on a patch of microstrip antenna for wireless communications. The MTM superstrate is made up of four G-shaped resonators on FR-4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.4 and has a total area of (8×16) mm2, and is higher than the patch. The MTM superstrate increases antenna gain while also raising the input reflection coefficient. When it is 9 mm above the patch, the gain increased from 3.28 dB to 6.02 dB, and when it is 7 mm above the patch, the input reflection coefficient was enhanced from -31.217 dB to -45.8 dB. When the MTM superstrate loaded antenna was compared to the traditional unloaded antenna, it was discovered that metamaterials have a lot of potential for improving antenna performance.
A Miniature Microstrip Antenna Array using Circular Shaped Dumbbell for ISM B...IJECEIAES
The aim of this work is the achievement, and the validation of a small microstrip patch antenna array using a circular shaped dumbbell defected ground structure. This work has been dividing into two stages: The first step is to miniaturize a microstrip patch antenna resonating at 5.8GHz, which operate in the Industrial Scientific Medical band (ISM) and the second is to use a circular defected ground structure to shift the resonance frequency of the antenna array from 5.8GHz to 2.45GHz. At last, a miniaturization up to 74.47%, relative to the original microstrip antenna array has accomplished. The antenna structure has designed, optimized and miniaturized using CST MW Studio. The obtained results have compared with Ansoft’s HFSS electromagnetic solver. The antenna array has fabricated on FR-4 substrate, and its reflection coefficient is measured.
Design and Analysis of Microstrip Antenna for CDMA Systems CommunicationIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper proposes a newly designed microstrip patch antennas (MSA) for wireless application (CDMA Systems). The designed single antenna E-shaped patch antenna. Two parallel slots are in corporated into the patch of a microstrip antenna to expand it bandwidth, and designed antenna operates in the frequency range of 1.85 to 1.99 GHz. The antenna is designed using air as a dielectric substrate between the ground plane and substrate patch antenna. IE3D is a full-wave electromagnetic simulator based on the method of moments (MoM) technique. It has been widely used in the design of MICs, RFICs, patch antennas, wire antennas, and other RF/wireless antennas. It can be used to calculate and plot the S parameters, VSWR, current distributions as well as the radiation patterns. The results obtained for each patch were 2D and 3D view of patch, Directivity, Gain, beam width and other such parameters, true and mapped 3D radiation pattern, and 2D polar radiation pattern. The antenna successfully achieves the exhibit a broad impedance bandwidth of 27 % (at VSWR < 2) with respect to the center frequency of 1.9 GHz is designed, fabricated, and finally measured on Spectrum analyzer. The radiation pattern and directivity are also presented.. Gain maximum achievable is 3 dBi and good return loss (S11 parameters) of -30 dB is achieved along with broadside radiation pattern. Keywords - Microstrip Patch Antenna; E-shaped, CDMA systems communications; Coaxial Probe feed, IE3D
This document describes the design of a microstrip patch antenna for WiMAX applications at 8.5 GHz. The antenna is designed using Advanced Design System software. It consists of a patch, ground plane, and Roger R04003C dielectric substrate. Simulation results show the antenna has a gain of 6.2 dB and return loss of -0.3 dB at a resonant frequency of 7.1 GHz. Plots of S-parameters, far-field patterns, polarization, and radiation patterns are provided from the simulations. The designed antenna achieves good performance for WiMAX applications in the specified frequency range.
Similar to Design and Optimization of a High Gain Multiband Patch Antenna for Millimeter Wave Applications (20)
Redefining brain tumor segmentation: a cutting-edge convolutional neural netw...IJECEIAES
Medical image analysis has witnessed significant advancements with deep learning techniques. In the domain of brain tumor segmentation, the ability to
precisely delineate tumor boundaries from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
scans holds profound implications for diagnosis. This study presents an ensemble convolutional neural network (CNN) with transfer learning, integrating
the state-of-the-art Deeplabv3+ architecture with the ResNet18 backbone. The
model is rigorously trained and evaluated, exhibiting remarkable performance
metrics, including an impressive global accuracy of 99.286%, a high-class accuracy of 82.191%, a mean intersection over union (IoU) of 79.900%, a weighted
IoU of 98.620%, and a Boundary F1 (BF) score of 83.303%. Notably, a detailed comparative analysis with existing methods showcases the superiority of
our proposed model. These findings underscore the model’s competence in precise brain tumor localization, underscoring its potential to revolutionize medical
image analysis and enhance healthcare outcomes. This research paves the way
for future exploration and optimization of advanced CNN models in medical
imaging, emphasizing addressing false positives and resource efficiency.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
Neural network optimizer of proportional-integral-differential controller par...IJECEIAES
Wide application of proportional-integral-differential (PID)-regulator in industry requires constant improvement of methods of its parameters adjustment. The paper deals with the issues of optimization of PID-regulator parameters with the use of neural network technology methods. A methodology for choosing the architecture (structure) of neural network optimizer is proposed, which consists in determining the number of layers, the number of neurons in each layer, as well as the form and type of activation function. Algorithms of neural network training based on the application of the method of minimizing the mismatch between the regulated value and the target value are developed. The method of back propagation of gradients is proposed to select the optimal training rate of neurons of the neural network. The neural network optimizer, which is a superstructure of the linear PID controller, allows increasing the regulation accuracy from 0.23 to 0.09, thus reducing the power consumption from 65% to 53%. The results of the conducted experiments allow us to conclude that the created neural superstructure may well become a prototype of an automatic voltage regulator (AVR)-type industrial controller for tuning the parameters of the PID controller.
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
A review on features and methods of potential fishing zoneIJECEIAES
This review focuses on the importance of identifying potential fishing zones in seawater for sustainable fishing practices. It explores features like sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH), along with classification methods such as classifiers. The features like SST, SSH, and different classifiers used to classify the data, have been figured out in this review study. This study underscores the importance of examining potential fishing zones using advanced analytical techniques. It thoroughly explores the methodologies employed by researchers, covering both past and current approaches. The examination centers on data characteristics and the application of classification algorithms for classification of potential fishing zones. Furthermore, the prediction of potential fishing zones relies significantly on the effectiveness of classification algorithms. Previous research has assessed the performance of models like support vector machines, naïve Bayes, and artificial neural networks (ANN). In the previous result, the results of support vector machine (SVM) were 97.6% more accurate than naive Bayes's 94.2% to classify test data for fisheries classification. By considering the recent works in this area, several recommendations for future works are presented to further improve the performance of the potential fishing zone models, which is important to the fisheries community.
Electrical signal interference minimization using appropriate core material f...IJECEIAES
As demand for smaller, quicker, and more powerful devices rises, Moore's law is strictly followed. The industry has worked hard to make little devices that boost productivity. The goal is to optimize device density. Scientists are reducing connection delays to improve circuit performance. This helped them understand three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) concepts, which stack active devices and create vertical connections to diminish latency and lower interconnects. Electrical involvement is a big worry with 3D integrates circuits. Researchers have developed and tested through silicon via (TSV) and substrates to decrease electrical wave involvement. This study illustrates a novel noise coupling reduction method using several electrical involvement models. A 22% drop in electrical involvement from wave-carrying to victim TSVs introduces this new paradigm and improves system performance even at higher THz frequencies.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Bibliometric analysis highlighting the role of women in addressing climate ch...IJECEIAES
Fossil fuel consumption increased quickly, contributing to climate change
that is evident in unusual flooding and draughts, and global warming. Over
the past ten years, women's involvement in society has grown dramatically,
and they succeeded in playing a noticeable role in reducing climate change.
A bibliometric analysis of data from the last ten years has been carried out to
examine the role of women in addressing the climate change. The analysis's
findings discussed the relevant to the sustainable development goals (SDGs),
particularly SDG 7 and SDG 13. The results considered contributions made
by women in the various sectors while taking geographic dispersion into
account. The bibliometric analysis delves into topics including women's
leadership in environmental groups, their involvement in policymaking, their
contributions to sustainable development projects, and the influence of
gender diversity on attempts to mitigate climate change. This study's results
highlight how women have influenced policies and actions related to climate
change, point out areas of research deficiency and recommendations on how
to increase role of the women in addressing the climate change and
achieving sustainability. To achieve more successful results, this initiative
aims to highlight the significance of gender equality and encourage
inclusivity in climate change decision-making processes.
Voltage and frequency control of microgrid in presence of micro-turbine inter...IJECEIAES
The active and reactive load changes have a significant impact on voltage
and frequency. In this paper, in order to stabilize the microgrid (MG) against
load variations in islanding mode, the active and reactive power of all
distributed generators (DGs), including energy storage (battery), diesel
generator, and micro-turbine, are controlled. The micro-turbine generator is
connected to MG through a three-phase to three-phase matrix converter, and
the droop control method is applied for controlling the voltage and
frequency of MG. In addition, a method is introduced for voltage and
frequency control of micro-turbines in the transition state from gridconnected mode to islanding mode. A novel switching strategy of the matrix
converter is used for converting the high-frequency output voltage of the
micro-turbine to the grid-side frequency of the utility system. Moreover,
using the switching strategy, the low-order harmonics in the output current
and voltage are not produced, and consequently, the size of the output filter
would be reduced. In fact, the suggested control strategy is load-independent
and has no frequency conversion restrictions. The proposed approach for
voltage and frequency regulation demonstrates exceptional performance and
favorable response across various load alteration scenarios. The suggested
strategy is examined in several scenarios in the MG test systems, and the
simulation results are addressed.
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evolution is essential to propose guidelines for facing new and future smart
grid challenges. In addition, knowing the main technologies involved in the
deployment of smart grids (SGs) is important to highlight possible
shortcomings that can be mitigated by developing new tools. This paper
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objectives. First, a bibliometric analysis is presented to give an overview of
the current research level about smart grid deployment. Second, a survey of
the main technological approaches used for smart grid implementation and
their contributions are highlighted. To that effect, we searched the Web of
Science (WoS), and the Scopus databases. We obtained 5,663 documents
from WoS and 7,215 from Scopus on smart grid implementation or
deployment. With the extraction limitation in the Scopus database, 5,872 of
the 7,215 documents were extracted using a multi-step process. These two
datasets have been analyzed using a bibliometric tool called bibliometrix.
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research.
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including local and remote approaches, and modern techniques, including
techniques based on signal processing and computational intelligence.
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factors, including implementation costs, non-detected zones, declining
power quality, and response times using the analytical hierarchy process
(AHP). The multi-criteria decision-making analysis shows that the overall
weight of passive methods (24.7%), active methods (7.8%), hybrid methods
(5.6%), remote methods (14.5%), signal processing-based methods (26.6%),
and computational intelligent-based methods (20.8%) based on the
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that hybrid approaches are the least suitable to be chosen, while signal
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method to be selected and implemented in power system with respect to the
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logic in the direct power control (DPC) of a three-phase voltage source
inverter (VSI), enabling seamless integration of the PV connected to the
grid. Additionally, a fuzzy logic-based maximum power point tracking
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incremental conductance (INC) in enhancing solar cell efficiency and
minimizing the response time. Moreover, the inverter's real-time active and
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errors and synchronous sliding surfaces are presented. Second, the synchronous
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A remote laboratory utilizing field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies enhances students’ learning experience anywhere and anytime in embedded system design. Existing remote laboratories prioritize hardware access and visual feedback for observing board behavior after programming, neglecting comprehensive debugging tools to resolve errors that require internal signal acquisition. This paper proposes a novel remote embeddedsystem design approach targeting FPGA technologies that are fully interactive via a web-based platform. Our solution provides FPGA board access and debugging capabilities beyond the visual feedback provided by existing remote laboratories. We implemented a lab module that allows users to seamlessly incorporate into their FPGA design. The module minimizes hardware resource utilization while enabling the acquisition of a large number of data samples from the signal during the experiments by adaptively compressing the signal prior to data transmission. The results demonstrate an average compression ratio of 2.90 across three benchmark signals, indicating efficient signal acquisition and effective debugging and analysis. This method allows users to acquire more data samples than conventional methods. The proposed lab allows students to remotely test and debug their designs, bridging the gap between theory and practice in embedded system design.
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Efficiently identifying and resolving code smells enhances software project quality. This paper presents a novel solution, utilizing automated machine learning (AutoML) techniques, to detect code smells and apply move method refactoring. By evaluating code metrics before and after refactoring, we assessed its impact on coupling, complexity, and cohesion. Key contributions of this research include a unique dataset for code smell classification and the development of models using AutoGluon for optimal performance. Furthermore, the study identifies the top 20 influential features in classifying feature envy, a well-known code smell, stemming from excessive reliance on external classes. We also explored how move method refactoring addresses feature envy, revealing reduced coupling and complexity, and improved cohesion, ultimately enhancing code quality. In summary, this research offers an empirical, data-driven approach, integrating AutoML and move method refactoring to optimize software project quality. Insights gained shed light on the benefits of refactoring on code quality and the significance of specific features in detecting feature envy. Future research can expand to explore additional refactoring techniques and a broader range of code metrics, advancing software engineering practices and standards.
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artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
2. Int J Elec& Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Design and Optimization of a High Gain Multiband Patch Antenna for Millimeter Wave… (Abir Zaidi)
2943
the antenna [12]. The insertion of those defects improves antenna performance by suppressing the harmonics
of higher modes and enhancing radiation characteristics by extending antenna gain directivity and bandwidth
[13]. The DGS method is employed as well in designing multiband antennas dedicated for different
applications simultaneously, by subtracting several shapes from antenna ground plane [14] [15].
The present work aims to provide a new quadri band circular microstrip patch antenna dedicated to
operate in the millimeter wave band, based on a conventional patch antenna, presented in a recent paper. The
proposed model is improved using DGS technique in order to reach multiple frequency bands. A parametric
study for the slots dimensions and position are carried out in this paper. Also, a comparison between another
research and our proposed model is presented.
2. ANTENNA DESIGN
Circular microstrip patch antennas are investigated using cavity model: treated as a dielectric cavity,
limited by electric conductors from top and bottom and by magnetic boundaries along the perimeter of the
antenna [16]. Considering fringing fields, the radius of the circular microstrip patch antenna is computed
using the following equation [17]:
𝑟𝑒 = 𝑟�1 +
2ℎ
𝜋𝑟𝜀 𝑟
�𝑙𝑛 �
𝜋𝑟
2ℎ
� + 1.7726� (1)
In order to achieve useful multiband patch antennas, we started from a basic circular microstrip
antenna, enhanced using a single DGS placed in the ground plane center. The related work is dedicated to
operate in the millimeter wave band, more specifically at 30GHz, made with duroid (tm) substrate [18].
Table 1 presents physical dimensions of the conventional circular microstrip patch antenna of reference
work:
Table 1. Physical dimensions of the Regular Patch Antenna
Parameters Value
Frequency of operation 30 GHz
Relative dielectric constant 2.2
Radius of the patch in mm 1.97
Width of the feed line in mm 0.6
Geometry of the notch in mm (𝑑 × 𝑔) 0.6 × 1.2
Substrate dimensions in mm 10 × 10
Substrate thickness 0.31 mil
In the related work, a single DGS defect is engraved in the center of the ground plane as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. Geometry of the single unit cell DGS
The related work is extended in the present paper, by adding more slots in the ground plane in order
to achieve more useful multibands, characterized by wide bandwidths, improved return loss and greater gain,
suitable for millimeter wave frequencies. To do so, double “U” shapes are being cut beside the rectangular
slot from antenna ground plane. Figure 2 presents an illustration of the proposed model (a) and the geometry
of the etched out shapes (b).
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2944
Figure 2. (a) Schematization of the proposed antenna (b) Geometry of the DGS slots
We will maintain the same size and position of the rectangular slot mentioned in the previous work,
then we will introduce and vary the position and the dimensions of the double “U” shaped slots, the resulting
antenna resonates considerably on different frequencies. A parametric study for the “U” shaped slot
dimensions and position is carried out in the following section. Fractional bandwidth of an antenna is
computed by the following equation [19]:
𝐹𝐵𝑊 =
𝑓2−𝑓1
𝑓𝑐
(2)
Where 𝑓2 is the upper frequency, 𝑓1 is the lower frequency and 𝑓𝑐 is the center frequency. Fractional
bandwidth of wideband antennas is mainly 20% or more.
3. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
All simulation results are carried out using ANSOFT software, HFSSv15 “High Frequency
Structure Simulator”.
3.1. Related Work
Simulation results of the related work before and after optimization are summarized in Table 2
Table 2. Comparison of Antenna Parameters of the Related Work Before and After Optimization
Parameter before DGS After DGS
Resonating Frequency 30 GHz 29.3Ghz
Return loss -31.24 dB -44.73 dB
Bandwidth
Gain
2 GHz
7.77 dB
2 Ghz
9.57 dB
VSWR 1.08 1.1
3.2. Proposed Work
Distance between the rectangular slot and “U” shapes is investigated firstly (refer to Figure 2 (a)
parameter “m”).
a. Variation of position “m”
Table 3 summarizes the effect of the variation of the “U” slots position, along the x-axis, on the
electromagnetic field.
Table 3. E-Field values for different values of m
Value of “m” E-field value
𝑚 = 0.2mm 1,8034 × 104
𝑚 = 0.3mm 1,6767 × 104
𝑚 = 0.4mm 1,4026 × 104
𝑚 = 0.5mm 1,3375 × 104
𝑚 = 0.6mm 0,574 × 104
𝑚 = 0.7mm 1,04 × 104
𝑚 = 0.8mm 1,42 × 104
4. Int J Elec& Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Design and Optimization of a High Gain Multiband Patch Antenna for Millimeter Wave… (Abir Zaidi)
2945
From the obtained results, “U” slots should be placed in the position where the E-filed is
less intense [20] which means that “m” should be taken equal to 0,6mm. The E-field for the value (𝑚 =
0,6𝑚𝑚) is shown in the Figure 4:
Figure 4. E-field for m=0,6mm
b. Variation of parameter “b”:
We will consider changing the length of the “U” slot as shown Figure 2 (b). The following figure
present the 𝑆11 plot for different values of “b”. Table 4 summarizes simulation results obtained from return
loss plot from 1mm to 1.5mm:
Figure 5. Return loss plot of different values of "b"
Table 4. Simulation Results of Tuning the Parameter “b”
Value of
“b”
Operation
Frequencies
𝑆11 Bandwidth
Value of
“b”
Operation
Frequencies
𝑆11 Bandwidth
1 mm
28Ghz
37Ghz
52Ghz
-16,5dB
-21,25dB
-33,4dB
1,63Ghz
0,8Ghz
13,11Ghz
1.3mm
32,8Ghz
37,5Ghz
53,1Ghz
-41,3dB
-12dB
-17dB
0,85Ghz
0,74Ghz
10,27Ghz
1.1 mm
27,64Ghz
34,85Ghz
41,7Ghz
53,5Ghz
-12dB
-44dB
-27,5dB
-23dB
1,03Ghz
0,83Ghz
1.84Ghz
10,4Ghz
1.4 mm
31,9Ghz
35,9Ghz
53,1Ghz
-22,5dB
-10,15dB
-25,4dB
0,82Ghz
_
9,42Ghz
1.2 mm
27,4Ghz
34,3Ghz
39Ghz
51,6Ghz
-12,4dB
-38,4dB
-15dB
-26,3dB
1.01Ghz
0,78Ghz
0,95Ghz
10Ghz
1.5mm
31,17Ghz
53Ghz
-15,4dB
-21dB
0,72Ghz
10,5Ghz
From the classified results, we can deduce that the antenna resonates at multiples frequencies, and
the variation of the length of the “U” slots affects considerably the operation frequency, the return loss and
bandwidth of our proposed antenna. The choice of the value of “b” depends mainly on the frequencies of the
desired applications.
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2946
c. Variation of parameter “a”:
We will consider the value (b=1.1mm) and we will change the value of the parameter “a” (width of
the “U” slot). Figure 6 presents the 𝑆11 plot for different values of “a”. From obtained results presented in
Table 5, we can notice that tuning the width of the “U” slots affects considerably return loss; however, it does
not have much influence on operation frequency of our antenna. We can also observe that in all cases the
antenna presents a high gain in all frequencies especially when we set “a” at 0.14mm. The obtained gain
results for frequencies 27.48 𝐺𝐻𝑧, 34.88 𝐺𝐻𝑧, 41𝐺𝐻𝑧, 51.4𝐺𝐻𝑧 are respectively
10.46 𝑑𝐵, 13, 27 𝑑𝐵, 11,07 𝑑𝐵 and 7.65 𝑑𝐵 as shown in Figure 8. Also, our proposed antenna is
characterized by a large bandwidth located in the V-band (>40 GHz), the calculation of the FBW for different
values of “a” and “b” gives a result greater than 20%, which proves that our proposed antenna is a wideband
antenna as shown in Figure 7.
Figure 6. Return loss plot of different values of "a"
Table 5. Simulation Results of Tuning the Parameter “b”
Value of
“a”
(b=1.1mm)
Operation
Frequencies
In GHz
𝑆11
in dB
BW
in Ghz
Gain
In dB
Value of “a”
(b=1.1mm)
Operation Fq
In GHz
𝑆11
in dB
BW
in Ghz
Gain
In dB
0.09mm
27,76
35.44
41.88
52
-13.27
-33.36
-22.75
-19.77
1.57
0.80
1.69
10.92
10.15
9.7
10.45
9.47
0.13 mm
27,44
34,6
40,9
52,2
-11,8
-38,4
-46,3
-23
0.97
0,83
1,72
10,33
9.29
9.86
10.98
8.44
0.1 mm
27,64
35
41,7
53,5
-12
-44
-27,5
-23
1,03
0,83
1.84
10,4
10.24
9.32
10.52
8.55
0.14 mm
27,48
34,88
41
51,4
-13,1
-50,78
-28,15
-26,4
1,18
0,81
1,75
10,23
10.46
13.27
11.07
7.65
0.11mm
27.6
34.83
41.2
52.28
-11.3
-38.3
-29
-18.76
0.83
0.84
1.9
10.89
7.95
9.77
11.13
8.38
0.15 mm
27,32
34,3
40,24
53
-
11,20d
B
-39
-29,17
-21,8
0,76
0,83
1,61
10,81
9.65
9.75
10.33
7.70
0.12 mm
27,5
35
40,7
52,4
-12,3dB
-37,2dB
-50,8dB
-24,8dB
1,06
0,82
1,75
10,66
8.70
9.61
10.85
7.72
0.16mm
27.39
34.42
40.11
51.08
-12.47
-27.15
-23.24
-31.6
1.06
0.92
1.41
10.78
9.33
10.03
10.22
8.90
6. Int J Elec& Comp Eng ISSN: 2088-8708
Design and Optimization of a High Gain Multiband Patch Antenna for Millimeter Wave… (Abir Zaidi)
2947
Figure 7. Return loss plot for a=0.14mm
Figure 8. (a)3D gain polar plot at f=27.48 GHz; (b)3D gain polar plot at f=34.88 GHz;
(c) 3D gain polar plot at f=41GHz; (d) 3D gain plot at 51.4 GHz
Figure 9 presents input impedance plot for obtained frequencies when (b=1.1mm and a=0.14mm)
(a) and VSWR values of proposed antenna when (b=1.1mm and a=0.14mm) (b).
Figure 9. (a) Input impedance of resulting antenna; (b) VSWR plot of resulting antenna
Input impedance and VSWR values of our proposed antenna when we set “b” at 1.1mm end “a” at
0.14mm are listed in Table 6.
Table 6. Input Impedance Results Corresponding to the Dimensions (a=0.11mm and b=1.1mm)
Frequency Input impedance values (re) VSWR
27,48Ghz 75,75 Ω 1.57
34,88Ghz 50,19 Ω 1.006
41 Ghz 51,9 Ω 1.08
51,4Ghz 46,75 Ω 1.101
7. ISSN: 2088-8708
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2948
From input impedance values, we can observe that the proposed antenna is well matched in three
frequencies in the EHF band, although poorly matched in the frequency around the Ka band. On other hand,
VSWR values proves that antenna is matched to the transmission line and more power is delivered to the
antenna.
3.3. Comparison with Another Work
Table 7 presents a comparison between our proposed model and the antenna presented in another
research [21]:
Table 7. Comparaison between the Proposed Antenna and Another Work
Ref Operating Frequency Return loss Gain VSWR
Other
work [21]
42
51.5
60
-19 dB
-24dB
-19.5dB
5.79 dB
3.98 dB
5.29 dB
~2
~1.1
~1.95
Proposed
work
27,48
34,88
41
51,4
-13,1
-50,78
-28,15
-26,4
10.46
13.27
11.07
7.65
1.57
1.006
1.08
1.101
NB: VSWR values of reference work [21] are estimated from VSWR vs Frequency plot presented
From summarized results listed in Table 7, we can observe that our antenna supports more
frequencies comparing to the other work, including a wideband at 51.4 GHz, also a better return loss and
VSWR values. Furthermore, we reached an important gain in all frequencies especially at 34.88 GHz with a
value of 13.27 dB.
4. CONCLUSION
The presented paper extends an existing work dedicated for applications in the millimeter wave
band. The regular antenna presented in the related work resonates in a single band around 30Ghz. Our paper
based on the same regular shaped antenna elaborates the design of multiband microstrip patch antenna that
operates mainly around the frequencies 27 GHz, 35 GHz, 41 GHz and 51 GHz. The parameters such as gain,
return loss, operation frequency, VSWR, input impedance and bandwidth are tuned by changing the position
and dimensions of the DGS slots incorporated in the ground plane of the antenna.
The proposed model is well matched, characterized by a wide bandwidth (more than 10 GHz), an
enhanced return loss, and a strong gain (more 13dB around 34 GHz). Comparing the presented quadri-band
antenna with another existing research dedicated for millimeter wave frequencies, we observed that our
antenna presents stronger performance in terms of gain, return loss and VSWR, making this proposed
prototype an excellent candidate for future applications in the millimeter wave band.
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BIOGRAPHIES OF AUTHORS
Abir Zaidi born in Fez, Morocco in July 23, 1991. In 2012 She had got her licence degree in
Electronics, Telecommunications and Computer Systems at Fez University of Sciences and
Technology, then she had got a Master's degree in Microelectronics, Telecommunication and
Industrial Data processing at the same University. She is currently a Ph.D. student in the
Laboratory of Electronics, Energy, Automatics and Data Processing (EEA&TI) Hassan II
University, Mohammedia-Casablanca, Morocco. Her works studies and interests are focused on
the design and the optimization of the performance of single and multiband microstrip patch
antennas to operate in the millimeter wave band, under the supervision of Pr. A. Baghdad,
Professor in Electrical engineering department at the same University
Abdennaceur Baghdad is a holder of a doctorate in Electronics in 1992 at the University of
Lille-France. He is University Professor (PES) at the University Hassan II Mohammedia
Casablanca- Morocco (FSTM) where he teaches the electronics, Hyperfrequencies, antenna and
telecommunication. He is a member of the laboratory EEA&TI (Electonics, Energy, Automatic
and information Processing). The research works of A. Baghdad concerns the communication
and Information Technology (Electronics Systems and Telecommunication). He supervises
doctoral theses and he is a coauthor of several national and international publications. He was a
member of steering committees of three international congresses in the same domain of research.
9. ISSN: 2088-8708
Int J Elec& Comp Eng, Vol. 8, No. 5, October 2018 : 2942 - 2950
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Abdelhakim Ballouk is a University Professor at the Faculty of Science and Technology
Mohammedia - Hassan II University of Casablanca. Member of the Laboratory of Electronics,
Energy, Automatics & Information Processing. He obtained his Doctorate from the University of
Bordeaux France in 1992, in the field of Automatics. The fields of research are Automatic
notably robust controls, predictive commands etc. He is also specialized in Telecommunications
notably antenna engineering.
Abdelmajid Badri is a holder of a doctoratein Electronics and Image Processing in 1992at the
University of Poitiers - France. In 1996, he obtained the diploma of the authorizationto Manage
Researches (Habilitation à Dirigerdes Recherches: HDR) to the University of Poitiers - France,
on the image processing. He is University Professor (PES-C) at the University Hassan II
Mohammedia-Casablanca Morocco (FSTM) where he teaches the electronics, the signal
processing, image processing and telecommunication. He is a member of the laboratory
EEA&TI (Electonics, Energy, Automatic and information Processing) which he managed since
1996. The research works of A. Badri concerns the communication and Information Technology
(Electronics Systems, Signal/Image Processing and Telecommunication). He is qualified by
CNU-France in 61th section: informatics engineering, automatic and signal processing. He
managed several doctoral theses. He is a co-author of several national and international
publications. He is responsible for several research projects financed by the ministry or by the
industrialists. He was member of several committees of programs of international conferences
and president of three international congresses in the same domain. He is a member and
responsible in several scientific associations in touch with his domain of research.