In this work, the design and modeling of the solenoid inductor are discussed. The layout of integrated inductors with magnetic cores and their geometrical parameters are developed. The quality factor Q and inductance value L are derived from the S-parameters and plotted versus frequency. The effect of solenoid inductor geometry on inductance and quality factor are studied via simulation using MATLAB. The solenoid inductor geometry parameters considered are the turn’s number, the magnetic core length, the width of a magnetic core, the gap between turns, the magnetic core thickness, the coil thickness, and solenoid inductor oxide thickness. The performance of the proposed solenoid inductor integrated with FeNiCo is compared with other solenoid inductors.
Study on performance of capacitor less ldo with different types of resistorConference Papers
The document summarizes a study on the performance of a capacitor-less low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator using different types of resistors. A 1.8V LDO voltage regulator was designed and simulated using five different resistor types in Cadence. The performance metrics compared included output voltage accuracy, phase margin, unity gain bandwidth, and power supply rejection ratio. Simulation results showed differences in LDO performance depending on the resistor type. The LDO with hpoly resistor had the best stability performance, while the LDO with pdiffb resistor produced the highest power supply rejection ratio. In conclusion, the type of resistor used can significantly impact key performance characteristics of a capacitor-less LDO regulator.
IRJET-Sensitivity Analysis of Maximum Overvoltage on Cables with Considering ...IRJET Journal
Hamed Touhidi ,Mehdi Shafiee, Behrooz Vahidi,Seyed Hossein Hosseinian, "Sensitivity Analysis of Maximum Overvoltage on Cables with Considering Forward and Backward Waves ", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol2,issue-01 April 2015. e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072. www.irjet.net
Abstract
lightning is known to be one of the primary sources of most surges in high keraunic areas. It is well-known fact that surge overvoltage is a significant contribution in cable failures. The other source of surge voltage is due to switching and it is pronounce on extra high voltage power transmission systems. The effect of both lightning and switching surges is weakening the cable insulation. The progressive weakening of such insulation will lead to cable deterioration and eventually its failure. Each surge impulse on the cable will contribute with other factors towards cable insulation strength deterioration and ultimately cable can fail by an overvoltage level below the cable basic impulse level (BIL). The maximum lightning overvoltage for a given cable depends on a large number of parameters. This paper presents the effect of model parameters (e.g., rise time and amplitude of surge, length of cable, resistivity of the core and sheath, tower footing resistance, number of sub conductors in the phase conductor (bundle), effect of surge arrester, length of lead, relative permittivity of the insulator material outside the core, power frequency voltage, stroke location, cable joints, shunt reactors, sheath thickness) on maximum cable voltage. The simulations show that the maximum overvoltage.
Planar transmission line is one of the physical medium used to transmit high frequency signal. The signal flow through the transmission line depends on the important electrical parameter, the frequency. As the signal frequency increases in a conductor, current carriers start to move towards the edges of the conductor. Flow of carriers on the conductor synchronizes with the substrate to achieve better efficiency. The signal flow in the transmission line depends on the dielectric constant of the material and the loss tangent value. The paper shows the simulation studies on return loss and insertion loss of planar transmission lines with constant frequency of 10GHz. To design planar transmission lines different dielectric materials are being selected. In our design, parameters like input impedance, conductor (silver) thickness and conductor height are kept constant. The design and analysis is done using Applied Wave Research (AWR) tool. The obtained results shows unique response and it depends on the type of dielectric medium selected.
A scalable and highly accurate RF/Microwave symmetricalinductor has been designed using microstrip line. The 18 circular and 18 square structures are optimized with 600MHz operating frequency. The characteristic interest on high frequency operating circuits is inductance value and quality factor of the spiral inductor. The value of the spiral inductor is depends on conductor width (W) space between the conductor (S), turns (n) outer diameter and inner diameter of the spiral inductor. In this design change the distribution of an inner diameter from 5mil to 10milfor 3 to 5 turns of spiral inductors. The optimization of inner diameter distribution is done by keeping space (1mil)between the conductor and width (2mil) of the conductor as constant. The changing inner diameter will effect to change in magnitude of the inductance and quality factor due passive capacitive and inductive reactance effect. These spiral inductors are designed using aluminum (Al) substrate material with 15mil height from the ground plane. The cupper material is used as a conductor of thickness 0.302mm. The aim of this paper is to compare the electromagnetic simulated results with simple equations of modified wheeler (MW), current sheet Approximation (CSA) and monomial equation (ME). The passive component effect the spiral inductor is examines the variation of inductance and quality factor. The observed electromagnetic field simulated results gives better agreement with standard simple mentioned equations with 600MHz operating frequency. The validation of spiral inductor is done with different inner diameter (5mil to 10mil) and number of turns (3turns to 5 turns) of the spiral inductor.
Reconfigurable Impedance Matching Network using RF MEMS Based Switch for 5G T...IJSRED
This document discusses the design of a reconfigurable impedance matching network using RF MEMS switches for 5G transceivers. Impedance matching networks are needed to maximize power transfer between antennas and transmitters by reducing mismatch losses, but traditional designs require redundant circuits for different frequencies. The proposed design uses MEMS switches to reconfigure a single matching network to operate at Bluetooth and Wi-Fi frequencies, avoiding redundant hardware. A cantilever beam ohmic switch in series and a fixed-fixed beam capacitive switch in shunt are modeled and selected. Simulation results showed the design achieves optimal impedance matching at the desired frequencies.
A nested square-shape dielectric resonator for microwave band antenna applica...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a nested square-shape dielectric resonator (NSDR) has been designed and investigated for antenna applications in the microwave band. A solid square dielectric resonator (SSDR) was modified systematically by introducing air-gap in the azimuth (ϕ-direction). By retaining the square shape of the dielectric resonator (DR), the well-known analysis tools can be applied to evaluate the performance of the NSDR. To validate the performance of the proposed NSDR in antenna applications, theoretical, simulation, and experimental analysis of the subject has been performed. A simple microstrip-line feeding source printed on the top of Rogers RO4003 grounded substrate was utilized without any external matching network. Unlike solid square DR, the proposed NSDR considerably improves the impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna has been prototyped and experimentally validated. The antenna operates in the range of 12.34 GHz to 21.7 GHz which corresponds to 56% percentage bandwidth with peak realized gain 6.5 dB. The antenna has stable radiation characteristics in the broadside direction. A close agreement between simulation and experimental results confirms the improved performance of NSDR in antenna applications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Study on performance of capacitor less ldo with different types of resistorConference Papers
The document summarizes a study on the performance of a capacitor-less low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator using different types of resistors. A 1.8V LDO voltage regulator was designed and simulated using five different resistor types in Cadence. The performance metrics compared included output voltage accuracy, phase margin, unity gain bandwidth, and power supply rejection ratio. Simulation results showed differences in LDO performance depending on the resistor type. The LDO with hpoly resistor had the best stability performance, while the LDO with pdiffb resistor produced the highest power supply rejection ratio. In conclusion, the type of resistor used can significantly impact key performance characteristics of a capacitor-less LDO regulator.
IRJET-Sensitivity Analysis of Maximum Overvoltage on Cables with Considering ...IRJET Journal
Hamed Touhidi ,Mehdi Shafiee, Behrooz Vahidi,Seyed Hossein Hosseinian, "Sensitivity Analysis of Maximum Overvoltage on Cables with Considering Forward and Backward Waves ", International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Vol2,issue-01 April 2015. e-ISSN:2395-0056, p-ISSN:2395-0072. www.irjet.net
Abstract
lightning is known to be one of the primary sources of most surges in high keraunic areas. It is well-known fact that surge overvoltage is a significant contribution in cable failures. The other source of surge voltage is due to switching and it is pronounce on extra high voltage power transmission systems. The effect of both lightning and switching surges is weakening the cable insulation. The progressive weakening of such insulation will lead to cable deterioration and eventually its failure. Each surge impulse on the cable will contribute with other factors towards cable insulation strength deterioration and ultimately cable can fail by an overvoltage level below the cable basic impulse level (BIL). The maximum lightning overvoltage for a given cable depends on a large number of parameters. This paper presents the effect of model parameters (e.g., rise time and amplitude of surge, length of cable, resistivity of the core and sheath, tower footing resistance, number of sub conductors in the phase conductor (bundle), effect of surge arrester, length of lead, relative permittivity of the insulator material outside the core, power frequency voltage, stroke location, cable joints, shunt reactors, sheath thickness) on maximum cable voltage. The simulations show that the maximum overvoltage.
Planar transmission line is one of the physical medium used to transmit high frequency signal. The signal flow through the transmission line depends on the important electrical parameter, the frequency. As the signal frequency increases in a conductor, current carriers start to move towards the edges of the conductor. Flow of carriers on the conductor synchronizes with the substrate to achieve better efficiency. The signal flow in the transmission line depends on the dielectric constant of the material and the loss tangent value. The paper shows the simulation studies on return loss and insertion loss of planar transmission lines with constant frequency of 10GHz. To design planar transmission lines different dielectric materials are being selected. In our design, parameters like input impedance, conductor (silver) thickness and conductor height are kept constant. The design and analysis is done using Applied Wave Research (AWR) tool. The obtained results shows unique response and it depends on the type of dielectric medium selected.
A scalable and highly accurate RF/Microwave symmetricalinductor has been designed using microstrip line. The 18 circular and 18 square structures are optimized with 600MHz operating frequency. The characteristic interest on high frequency operating circuits is inductance value and quality factor of the spiral inductor. The value of the spiral inductor is depends on conductor width (W) space between the conductor (S), turns (n) outer diameter and inner diameter of the spiral inductor. In this design change the distribution of an inner diameter from 5mil to 10milfor 3 to 5 turns of spiral inductors. The optimization of inner diameter distribution is done by keeping space (1mil)between the conductor and width (2mil) of the conductor as constant. The changing inner diameter will effect to change in magnitude of the inductance and quality factor due passive capacitive and inductive reactance effect. These spiral inductors are designed using aluminum (Al) substrate material with 15mil height from the ground plane. The cupper material is used as a conductor of thickness 0.302mm. The aim of this paper is to compare the electromagnetic simulated results with simple equations of modified wheeler (MW), current sheet Approximation (CSA) and monomial equation (ME). The passive component effect the spiral inductor is examines the variation of inductance and quality factor. The observed electromagnetic field simulated results gives better agreement with standard simple mentioned equations with 600MHz operating frequency. The validation of spiral inductor is done with different inner diameter (5mil to 10mil) and number of turns (3turns to 5 turns) of the spiral inductor.
Reconfigurable Impedance Matching Network using RF MEMS Based Switch for 5G T...IJSRED
This document discusses the design of a reconfigurable impedance matching network using RF MEMS switches for 5G transceivers. Impedance matching networks are needed to maximize power transfer between antennas and transmitters by reducing mismatch losses, but traditional designs require redundant circuits for different frequencies. The proposed design uses MEMS switches to reconfigure a single matching network to operate at Bluetooth and Wi-Fi frequencies, avoiding redundant hardware. A cantilever beam ohmic switch in series and a fixed-fixed beam capacitive switch in shunt are modeled and selected. Simulation results showed the design achieves optimal impedance matching at the desired frequencies.
A nested square-shape dielectric resonator for microwave band antenna applica...IJECEIAES
In this paper, a nested square-shape dielectric resonator (NSDR) has been designed and investigated for antenna applications in the microwave band. A solid square dielectric resonator (SSDR) was modified systematically by introducing air-gap in the azimuth (ϕ-direction). By retaining the square shape of the dielectric resonator (DR), the well-known analysis tools can be applied to evaluate the performance of the NSDR. To validate the performance of the proposed NSDR in antenna applications, theoretical, simulation, and experimental analysis of the subject has been performed. A simple microstrip-line feeding source printed on the top of Rogers RO4003 grounded substrate was utilized without any external matching network. Unlike solid square DR, the proposed NSDR considerably improves the impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna has been prototyped and experimentally validated. The antenna operates in the range of 12.34 GHz to 21.7 GHz which corresponds to 56% percentage bandwidth with peak realized gain 6.5 dB. The antenna has stable radiation characteristics in the broadside direction. A close agreement between simulation and experimental results confirms the improved performance of NSDR in antenna applications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses the performance analysis of a microstrip printed antenna conformed on a cylindrical body operating at a resonance frequency of 4.6 GHz for the TM01 mode. It begins with an introduction to microstrip antennas and the effects of curvature. It then presents mathematical models for the electric and magnetic fields, input impedance, return loss, and voltage standing wave ratio for a curved microstrip antenna. Results show the resonance frequency shifts 35 MHz as the radius of curvature changes from 6 mm to a flat antenna. Graphs also show the real and imaginary parts of input impedance vary with frequency for different radii of curvature.
This document summarizes a 60 GHz distributed active transformer (DAT) implemented in a 130nm silicon-germanium process that achieves a record output power of 23 dBm (200 mW). Key points:
1) The DAT utilizes stacked coupled wires to achieve a high coupling factor of 0.8 at 60 GHz, enabling efficient power combining and impedance transformation.
2) A two-stage power amplifier combines the power of eight cascode amplifiers using the DAT into a 100 ohm differential load, achieving 13 dB of gain and 6.4% power-added efficiency.
3) The small-area 160x160 micron DAT demonstrates the feasibility of efficient millimeter-wave power combining
The Approach on Influence of Biasing Circuit in Wideband Low Noise Amplifier ...IJEACS
This proposed work investigates the effects of biasing
circuit in the ultra-wideband microwave low noise amplifier
which operates between 3GHz to 10GHz. The complete circuit is
visualized the importance of every component in the design with
respect to linear measurements like Gain, Noise Figure, Return
loss under unconditionally stable condition. The design and
realization are made by using Hybrid Microwave integrated
circuit in AWR microwave office. The thing that is absolutely
necessary and frequently the difficult step in the design of an
LNA is 'biasing circuit design'. The difficulty situation arises
because traditional methods LNA by using S-parameters data
files in EDA tools provides almost all linear measurements.
Hence a number of time consuming iterations of different biasing
circuits with optimization methods may be required to reach
targeted specifications with the fixed operating point at the
desired points in the load line. Considering this behavior, various
alternate biasing circuit schemes are prepared and founded the
results associated with it. Furthermore, this paper unmistakably
clarifies the impacts of the biasing circuit by utilizing
intermodulation and harmonics distortion technique for
portrayal characterization. Different cases and sorts of the
biasing circuits with various biasing focuses have been tested and given clear perspective of the biasing ideas.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This document summarizes research on properly grounding the frames of multi-cable transits (MCTs) used to transfer cabling between sealed compartments. MCTs provide electromagnetic shielding by connecting cable shields to a metallic frame. The study examines MCT applications in buildings where full metal bulkheads are not available for mounting frames. Test results show that grounding the frame is important for shielding performance. Directly grounding the frame via a conducting beam provided over 40dB of attenuation, while grounding with a 20cm wire significantly reduced attenuation to around 20dB. Proper grounding of MCT frames is critical for electromagnetic shielding in applications without full metal bulkheads.
Space charges analysis on insulator with uniform layer contamination effectTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission provides an attractive alternative for bulk power transfer. However, HVDC transmission may have loss about half per unit length of high voltage alternating current (HVAC) at the same amount of power carried. This is due to the space charge formation around the conductor in HVDC cables. It is known that the presence of space charge inside an insulator may distort the local electric field and surface energy. This paper investigates the effect of electrostatics for space charge, electric field and surface energy in the HVDC cable in clean and contaminated conditions. The effect of uniform layer contamination from oil, sandstone and fresh water was conducted on 11 kV XLPE cable using finite element software under electrostatics study. The contamination layer was created around the XLPE cable by multifarious the radius of layer contamination from the conductor. The simulation results show that enlargement of contamination layer radius by 1.0 mm (light), 1.5 mm (medium) and 2.0 mm (heavy) resulted in the reduction of surface energy by 20% and electric field by 22% but increase the space charge amplitude by 76%. The study also found that fresh water can be considered as the worst contamination compared to oil and sandstone.
Compensation of dielectric cover effects on cp hexagonal microstrip antennaIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research article that examines the effects of a dielectric cover layer on the performance of a circularly polarized hexagonal microstrip antenna. It first describes how circular polarization is achieved in patch antennas and discusses previous work on perturbations used to generate circular polarization. It then explains how additional dielectric layers can negatively impact antenna characteristics like resonant frequency and efficiency. The document proposes using an air gap between the dielectric layer and ground plane to compensate for these effects. It provides design specifications for the hexagonal antenna and shows simulated and fabricated antenna models. The research aims to maintain antenna performance while adding a protective dielectric cover layer.
A compact size microstrip five poles hairpin band-pass filter using three-lay...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a reduced size microstrip five poles hairpin band-pass filter using three-layers structure for Ku-band satellites application. The three-layers structure shows a substantially reduced filter size and enlarged bandwidth. The filter has been designed based on five-pole resonators at 12.475 GHz and bandwidth of 550 MHz. This filter is designed on Rogers RO3003 substrate having relative permittivity (εr) of 3. The proposed band-pass filter has been designed with the help of Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. Comparison analyses between the simulated insertion loss and reflection coefficient of RO3003 and FR4 substrates have been carried out in order to show the efficiency of the proposed filter design. Based on the obtained results, the proposed filter design achieves significant filter size reduction compared to other band-pass filters.
Temperature dependent analytical model for submicron GaAs-MESFETjournalBEEI
MESFET are used in circuitsof gigahertz frequencies as they are based on gallium arsenide (GaAs) having electron mobility six times higher than that of silicon. An analytical model simulating different device current-voltage characteristics, i.e., output conductance and output transconductance of a 0.3μm gate MESFET with temperature dependence is proposed. The model is validated by comparing the results of the proposed model and those of the numerical simulation. The parameter values are computed using an intrinsic MESFET of two-dimensional geometry. In this work, the distribution of different output loads for varied applied voltages is considered. Simulation results obtainedunder temperature variation effectsfor load distribution and applied driven voltage variation are considered. The RMS and average errors between the different models and GaAs MESFET simulations are calculated to evidence the proposed model accuracy. This was demonstrated by a good agreement between the proposed model and the simulation results, which are found in good agreement. The simulation results obtained under temperature variations were discussed and found to complement those obtained in the literature. This clarifies the relevance of the suggested model analytical.
This document summarizes a research paper about the development of a ground plane aperture technique to enhance capacitive coupling in parallel-coupled microstrip lines (PCMLs) and enable the design of broadband multi-pole microstrip bandpass filters. The technique involves forming an aperture in the ground plane of the PCML. Equivalent circuit models of the PCML indicate that the aperture increases the coupling factor in a frequency-dependent manner. A novel multi-pole broadband filter topology is proposed using a single microstrip line resonator connected between two PCML sections. Predicted and measured results confirm attractive properties such as 60% bandwidth, deep stop-band rejection, and compact size.
The document discusses capacitance variation in MEMS capacitors based on plate area, distance between plates, and different dielectric materials. It outlines the research significance, methodology, experimental details, results and discussion, and conclusion. The results show that capacitance increases with larger plate area, smaller distance between plates, and dielectric materials with higher relative dielectric constants. The capacitance variation can be utilized in applications such as wireless communications, sensing, and electronics.
Iaetsd design and analysis of a novel low actuated voltageIaetsd Iaetsd
The document describes the design, analysis, fabrication process, and simulation of a novel low actuated voltage RF MEMS shunt capacitive switch. Key points:
1) A fixed-fixed flexure beam structure is used to provide a lower spring constant and reduce the actuation voltage below 4 volts.
2) The fabrication process involves 5 masks and materials like gold, silicon nitride deposited on a silicon substrate to form the switch.
3) Simulations show the switch has a low pull-in voltage of 3 volts and excellent RF characteristics with -0.12dB insertion loss and -43dB isolation at 28GHz.
Structural and Optical properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Modified by...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Structure, chemical, and physical properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) after
modification by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure is investigated using
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Raman and Uv-vis-NIR spectroscopy. Effects of plasma
treatment time on MWCNTs are analyzed. TEM result shows that during the short period of plasma
treatment time of 5 minutes, the tube surface experienced a few damages. With increase in plasma
treatment time, the tube surface is damaged to a certain extent. Intensity ratio, ID/IG through Raman
analysis shows a good agreement with TEM. The values of ID/IG of the modified MWCNTs are larger than
those of pristine MWCNTs. An increase of ID/IG indicates that considerable defects are produced on the
surfaces of MWCNTs. The treated MWCNTs has energy band gap compared to zero band gap of
untreated MWCNTs. It is believed that the defect site of MWCNTs can modify the electronics properties of
MWCNTs from being metallic to semiconducting structure, which is applicable for almost all electronics
device applications.
IRJET- Multi-Band Polarization Insensitive Metamaterial Absorber for EMI/EMC ...IRJET Journal
- A multi-band metamaterial absorber was designed that can absorb electromagnetic waves at C-band, X-band, Ku-band, and K-band frequencies.
- The absorber structure consists of two split ring resonators and two square fractal structures on a metal-backed dielectric substrate.
- Simulation results showed high absorption (over 80%) at multiple distinct frequencies, with absorption peaks between 90-99% across the different bands. The absorber also demonstrated polarization-insensitive behavior.
Mutual Coupling Reduction of Micro Strip Antenna Array by using the Electroma...IRJET Journal
This document describes research on reducing mutual coupling between microstrip patch antenna array elements using electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures. A miniaturized patch antenna array designed to resonate at 5.8 GHz for WLAN applications is simulated. Without EBG structures, the mutual coupling between array elements is -19 dB. A novel "mushroom-like" EBG structure is then proposed and placed between the antenna elements. Simulation results show this EBG array configuration reduces the mutual coupling by 18 dB compared to the initial antenna array design without EBG structures. The EBG structures suppress surface waves that cause mutual coupling between array elements, while also miniaturizing the antenna size.
Trends in High Performance Operation of Electro Absorption Integrated Laser M...Editor IJARCET
For high bit rates and long haul optical
communication systems using a single-mode fiber, a modulator
with low chirp and small size are demanded. An electroabsorption
modulator is very attractive because it has some
advantages of not only low chirp and small size but also the
elimination of polarization control through monolithic
integration with a distributed feedback (DFB) laser. The
modulation bandwidth of traditional lumped electro-absorption
modulators (EAMs) is usually limited by the RC time constant,
but the effective resistance R and capacitance C are not easily
extracted for advanced device geometries. This paper has
presented the important transmission characteristics of electrooptic
absorption modulators such as transmission performance
efficiency, insertion loss, extinction ratio, , over wide range of the
affecting parameters.
Analysis of Stranded Multi-Conductor Cable in Multilayered Dielectric MediaJimmi James
ABSTRACT
Due to complexity of electromagnetic modeling, researchers and scientists always look for development of accurate and fast methods to extract the parameters of electronic transmission cables. These parameters play a critical role in various applications like electro surgery, fault location in cables and many more. In this paper, the modeling of stranded multiconductor cable in multilayered dielectric media is illustrated. We specifically determine the distributed parameters of two wire transmission lines in two-layered dielectric media. The effect of frequency change on the parameters is also discussed. This numerical analysis was successfully implemented for modeling of a cable which connects the hand piece of an electro surgical device to its generator. Comparison of the theoretical and the practically measured results is demonstrated with good agreements.
Reconfigurable ultra wideband to narrowband antenna for cognitive radio appli...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Frequency reconfigurable antennas are very attractive for many wireless applications.They offer many advantages such as simplicity and compactness. In this electronicpaper, we propose a reconfigurable antenna operating in the S and C bands. Theproposed antenna uses a BAP65-02 RF diode to switch between the ultra widebandfrom 2.92 to 6.19 GHz to the narrowband from 2.92 to 3.93 GHz. The ultra widebandis obtained by a partial rectangular ground plane with a symmetrical rectangular slotand the narrowband is obtained by adding a parasitic element electrically connectedto the ground plane by the PIN diode when it is positively biased. This patch antennaoperates in the Federal Communications Commission band (FCC) and can be used forbiomedical applications such as radiometry imaging. The numerical simulation resultsbased on the finite element method and the finite integral method show a very goodagreement between them.
Design, Construction and Implementation of a Bradbury-Nielsen Gate for Time-o...David Torre
The document describes the design, construction, and testing of a Bradbury-Nielsen Gate (BNG) for use in time-of-flight calculations of an electrospray thruster. A 50-wire BNG was constructed with a 3"x3" frame and 2"x2" inner window using Delrin. Experimental testing confirmed the BNG could deflect the ion beam as expected, reducing current by up to 94% when powered on. However, issues with thermal expansion, noise, and the thruster prevented reliable time-of-flight measurements. Future work is needed to address these issues and obtain more precise experimental hardware.
Design and Simulation of a Fractal Micro-TransformerIJERA Editor
This document summarizes the design and simulation of a fractal micro-transformer. The researchers designed an air-core fractal micro-transformer using finite element modeling software. Simulation results showed improved performance parameters compared to macro transformers, including higher voltage gain. Electric displacement and magnetic energy density within the micro-transformer were determined to be 2 x 10-11 C/m2 and 100 J/m3 respectively. Losses within the air-core design were minimal at 3 W/m3. The micro-transformer was concluded to be suitable for integration in MEMS and VLSI applications due to its small size, high impedance, and isolation capabilities.
Design and manufacturing of iris waveguide filters for satellite communicationTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
We propose in this paper, two bandpass filters in waveguide technology having rectangular symmetrical discontinuities with a half-radius r, designed and operating respectively in the X-Band (9-11.5) GHz and C-Band (3.5-5.5) GHz. These filters consists of eight irises placed symmetrically respectively on standard rectangular waveguides WR90 and WR229 in which resonant irises are inserted. These irises are used to couple the sections very strongly in this filter, which allows the bandwidth to be increased and the matching to be controlled. The comparison between the numerical and electromagnetic results, which we obtained for the filters, constitutes a means of validation of computer simulation technology (CST) environment and Mician for the design of the other circuit elements in the various frequency bands. We observed excellent consistency between the simulation curves and those of the measurements. The results obtained are promising and pave the way for the use of these structures in the fields of telecommunications.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
This document discusses the performance analysis of a microstrip printed antenna conformed on a cylindrical body operating at a resonance frequency of 4.6 GHz for the TM01 mode. It begins with an introduction to microstrip antennas and the effects of curvature. It then presents mathematical models for the electric and magnetic fields, input impedance, return loss, and voltage standing wave ratio for a curved microstrip antenna. Results show the resonance frequency shifts 35 MHz as the radius of curvature changes from 6 mm to a flat antenna. Graphs also show the real and imaginary parts of input impedance vary with frequency for different radii of curvature.
This document summarizes a 60 GHz distributed active transformer (DAT) implemented in a 130nm silicon-germanium process that achieves a record output power of 23 dBm (200 mW). Key points:
1) The DAT utilizes stacked coupled wires to achieve a high coupling factor of 0.8 at 60 GHz, enabling efficient power combining and impedance transformation.
2) A two-stage power amplifier combines the power of eight cascode amplifiers using the DAT into a 100 ohm differential load, achieving 13 dB of gain and 6.4% power-added efficiency.
3) The small-area 160x160 micron DAT demonstrates the feasibility of efficient millimeter-wave power combining
The Approach on Influence of Biasing Circuit in Wideband Low Noise Amplifier ...IJEACS
This proposed work investigates the effects of biasing
circuit in the ultra-wideband microwave low noise amplifier
which operates between 3GHz to 10GHz. The complete circuit is
visualized the importance of every component in the design with
respect to linear measurements like Gain, Noise Figure, Return
loss under unconditionally stable condition. The design and
realization are made by using Hybrid Microwave integrated
circuit in AWR microwave office. The thing that is absolutely
necessary and frequently the difficult step in the design of an
LNA is 'biasing circuit design'. The difficulty situation arises
because traditional methods LNA by using S-parameters data
files in EDA tools provides almost all linear measurements.
Hence a number of time consuming iterations of different biasing
circuits with optimization methods may be required to reach
targeted specifications with the fixed operating point at the
desired points in the load line. Considering this behavior, various
alternate biasing circuit schemes are prepared and founded the
results associated with it. Furthermore, this paper unmistakably
clarifies the impacts of the biasing circuit by utilizing
intermodulation and harmonics distortion technique for
portrayal characterization. Different cases and sorts of the
biasing circuits with various biasing focuses have been tested and given clear perspective of the biasing ideas.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
This document summarizes research on properly grounding the frames of multi-cable transits (MCTs) used to transfer cabling between sealed compartments. MCTs provide electromagnetic shielding by connecting cable shields to a metallic frame. The study examines MCT applications in buildings where full metal bulkheads are not available for mounting frames. Test results show that grounding the frame is important for shielding performance. Directly grounding the frame via a conducting beam provided over 40dB of attenuation, while grounding with a 20cm wire significantly reduced attenuation to around 20dB. Proper grounding of MCT frames is critical for electromagnetic shielding in applications without full metal bulkheads.
Space charges analysis on insulator with uniform layer contamination effectTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
High voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission provides an attractive alternative for bulk power transfer. However, HVDC transmission may have loss about half per unit length of high voltage alternating current (HVAC) at the same amount of power carried. This is due to the space charge formation around the conductor in HVDC cables. It is known that the presence of space charge inside an insulator may distort the local electric field and surface energy. This paper investigates the effect of electrostatics for space charge, electric field and surface energy in the HVDC cable in clean and contaminated conditions. The effect of uniform layer contamination from oil, sandstone and fresh water was conducted on 11 kV XLPE cable using finite element software under electrostatics study. The contamination layer was created around the XLPE cable by multifarious the radius of layer contamination from the conductor. The simulation results show that enlargement of contamination layer radius by 1.0 mm (light), 1.5 mm (medium) and 2.0 mm (heavy) resulted in the reduction of surface energy by 20% and electric field by 22% but increase the space charge amplitude by 76%. The study also found that fresh water can be considered as the worst contamination compared to oil and sandstone.
Compensation of dielectric cover effects on cp hexagonal microstrip antennaIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a research article that examines the effects of a dielectric cover layer on the performance of a circularly polarized hexagonal microstrip antenna. It first describes how circular polarization is achieved in patch antennas and discusses previous work on perturbations used to generate circular polarization. It then explains how additional dielectric layers can negatively impact antenna characteristics like resonant frequency and efficiency. The document proposes using an air gap between the dielectric layer and ground plane to compensate for these effects. It provides design specifications for the hexagonal antenna and shows simulated and fabricated antenna models. The research aims to maintain antenna performance while adding a protective dielectric cover layer.
A compact size microstrip five poles hairpin band-pass filter using three-lay...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents a reduced size microstrip five poles hairpin band-pass filter using three-layers structure for Ku-band satellites application. The three-layers structure shows a substantially reduced filter size and enlarged bandwidth. The filter has been designed based on five-pole resonators at 12.475 GHz and bandwidth of 550 MHz. This filter is designed on Rogers RO3003 substrate having relative permittivity (εr) of 3. The proposed band-pass filter has been designed with the help of Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software. Comparison analyses between the simulated insertion loss and reflection coefficient of RO3003 and FR4 substrates have been carried out in order to show the efficiency of the proposed filter design. Based on the obtained results, the proposed filter design achieves significant filter size reduction compared to other band-pass filters.
Temperature dependent analytical model for submicron GaAs-MESFETjournalBEEI
MESFET are used in circuitsof gigahertz frequencies as they are based on gallium arsenide (GaAs) having electron mobility six times higher than that of silicon. An analytical model simulating different device current-voltage characteristics, i.e., output conductance and output transconductance of a 0.3μm gate MESFET with temperature dependence is proposed. The model is validated by comparing the results of the proposed model and those of the numerical simulation. The parameter values are computed using an intrinsic MESFET of two-dimensional geometry. In this work, the distribution of different output loads for varied applied voltages is considered. Simulation results obtainedunder temperature variation effectsfor load distribution and applied driven voltage variation are considered. The RMS and average errors between the different models and GaAs MESFET simulations are calculated to evidence the proposed model accuracy. This was demonstrated by a good agreement between the proposed model and the simulation results, which are found in good agreement. The simulation results obtained under temperature variations were discussed and found to complement those obtained in the literature. This clarifies the relevance of the suggested model analytical.
This document summarizes a research paper about the development of a ground plane aperture technique to enhance capacitive coupling in parallel-coupled microstrip lines (PCMLs) and enable the design of broadband multi-pole microstrip bandpass filters. The technique involves forming an aperture in the ground plane of the PCML. Equivalent circuit models of the PCML indicate that the aperture increases the coupling factor in a frequency-dependent manner. A novel multi-pole broadband filter topology is proposed using a single microstrip line resonator connected between two PCML sections. Predicted and measured results confirm attractive properties such as 60% bandwidth, deep stop-band rejection, and compact size.
The document discusses capacitance variation in MEMS capacitors based on plate area, distance between plates, and different dielectric materials. It outlines the research significance, methodology, experimental details, results and discussion, and conclusion. The results show that capacitance increases with larger plate area, smaller distance between plates, and dielectric materials with higher relative dielectric constants. The capacitance variation can be utilized in applications such as wireless communications, sensing, and electronics.
Iaetsd design and analysis of a novel low actuated voltageIaetsd Iaetsd
The document describes the design, analysis, fabrication process, and simulation of a novel low actuated voltage RF MEMS shunt capacitive switch. Key points:
1) A fixed-fixed flexure beam structure is used to provide a lower spring constant and reduce the actuation voltage below 4 volts.
2) The fabrication process involves 5 masks and materials like gold, silicon nitride deposited on a silicon substrate to form the switch.
3) Simulations show the switch has a low pull-in voltage of 3 volts and excellent RF characteristics with -0.12dB insertion loss and -43dB isolation at 28GHz.
Structural and Optical properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Modified by...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Structure, chemical, and physical properties of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) after
modification by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) at atmospheric pressure is investigated using
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Raman and Uv-vis-NIR spectroscopy. Effects of plasma
treatment time on MWCNTs are analyzed. TEM result shows that during the short period of plasma
treatment time of 5 minutes, the tube surface experienced a few damages. With increase in plasma
treatment time, the tube surface is damaged to a certain extent. Intensity ratio, ID/IG through Raman
analysis shows a good agreement with TEM. The values of ID/IG of the modified MWCNTs are larger than
those of pristine MWCNTs. An increase of ID/IG indicates that considerable defects are produced on the
surfaces of MWCNTs. The treated MWCNTs has energy band gap compared to zero band gap of
untreated MWCNTs. It is believed that the defect site of MWCNTs can modify the electronics properties of
MWCNTs from being metallic to semiconducting structure, which is applicable for almost all electronics
device applications.
IRJET- Multi-Band Polarization Insensitive Metamaterial Absorber for EMI/EMC ...IRJET Journal
- A multi-band metamaterial absorber was designed that can absorb electromagnetic waves at C-band, X-band, Ku-band, and K-band frequencies.
- The absorber structure consists of two split ring resonators and two square fractal structures on a metal-backed dielectric substrate.
- Simulation results showed high absorption (over 80%) at multiple distinct frequencies, with absorption peaks between 90-99% across the different bands. The absorber also demonstrated polarization-insensitive behavior.
Mutual Coupling Reduction of Micro Strip Antenna Array by using the Electroma...IRJET Journal
This document describes research on reducing mutual coupling between microstrip patch antenna array elements using electromagnetic band gap (EBG) structures. A miniaturized patch antenna array designed to resonate at 5.8 GHz for WLAN applications is simulated. Without EBG structures, the mutual coupling between array elements is -19 dB. A novel "mushroom-like" EBG structure is then proposed and placed between the antenna elements. Simulation results show this EBG array configuration reduces the mutual coupling by 18 dB compared to the initial antenna array design without EBG structures. The EBG structures suppress surface waves that cause mutual coupling between array elements, while also miniaturizing the antenna size.
Trends in High Performance Operation of Electro Absorption Integrated Laser M...Editor IJARCET
For high bit rates and long haul optical
communication systems using a single-mode fiber, a modulator
with low chirp and small size are demanded. An electroabsorption
modulator is very attractive because it has some
advantages of not only low chirp and small size but also the
elimination of polarization control through monolithic
integration with a distributed feedback (DFB) laser. The
modulation bandwidth of traditional lumped electro-absorption
modulators (EAMs) is usually limited by the RC time constant,
but the effective resistance R and capacitance C are not easily
extracted for advanced device geometries. This paper has
presented the important transmission characteristics of electrooptic
absorption modulators such as transmission performance
efficiency, insertion loss, extinction ratio, , over wide range of the
affecting parameters.
Analysis of Stranded Multi-Conductor Cable in Multilayered Dielectric MediaJimmi James
ABSTRACT
Due to complexity of electromagnetic modeling, researchers and scientists always look for development of accurate and fast methods to extract the parameters of electronic transmission cables. These parameters play a critical role in various applications like electro surgery, fault location in cables and many more. In this paper, the modeling of stranded multiconductor cable in multilayered dielectric media is illustrated. We specifically determine the distributed parameters of two wire transmission lines in two-layered dielectric media. The effect of frequency change on the parameters is also discussed. This numerical analysis was successfully implemented for modeling of a cable which connects the hand piece of an electro surgical device to its generator. Comparison of the theoretical and the practically measured results is demonstrated with good agreements.
Reconfigurable ultra wideband to narrowband antenna for cognitive radio appli...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Frequency reconfigurable antennas are very attractive for many wireless applications.They offer many advantages such as simplicity and compactness. In this electronicpaper, we propose a reconfigurable antenna operating in the S and C bands. Theproposed antenna uses a BAP65-02 RF diode to switch between the ultra widebandfrom 2.92 to 6.19 GHz to the narrowband from 2.92 to 3.93 GHz. The ultra widebandis obtained by a partial rectangular ground plane with a symmetrical rectangular slotand the narrowband is obtained by adding a parasitic element electrically connectedto the ground plane by the PIN diode when it is positively biased. This patch antennaoperates in the Federal Communications Commission band (FCC) and can be used forbiomedical applications such as radiometry imaging. The numerical simulation resultsbased on the finite element method and the finite integral method show a very goodagreement between them.
Design, Construction and Implementation of a Bradbury-Nielsen Gate for Time-o...David Torre
The document describes the design, construction, and testing of a Bradbury-Nielsen Gate (BNG) for use in time-of-flight calculations of an electrospray thruster. A 50-wire BNG was constructed with a 3"x3" frame and 2"x2" inner window using Delrin. Experimental testing confirmed the BNG could deflect the ion beam as expected, reducing current by up to 94% when powered on. However, issues with thermal expansion, noise, and the thruster prevented reliable time-of-flight measurements. Future work is needed to address these issues and obtain more precise experimental hardware.
Design and Simulation of a Fractal Micro-TransformerIJERA Editor
This document summarizes the design and simulation of a fractal micro-transformer. The researchers designed an air-core fractal micro-transformer using finite element modeling software. Simulation results showed improved performance parameters compared to macro transformers, including higher voltage gain. Electric displacement and magnetic energy density within the micro-transformer were determined to be 2 x 10-11 C/m2 and 100 J/m3 respectively. Losses within the air-core design were minimal at 3 W/m3. The micro-transformer was concluded to be suitable for integration in MEMS and VLSI applications due to its small size, high impedance, and isolation capabilities.
Design and manufacturing of iris waveguide filters for satellite communicationTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
We propose in this paper, two bandpass filters in waveguide technology having rectangular symmetrical discontinuities with a half-radius r, designed and operating respectively in the X-Band (9-11.5) GHz and C-Band (3.5-5.5) GHz. These filters consists of eight irises placed symmetrically respectively on standard rectangular waveguides WR90 and WR229 in which resonant irises are inserted. These irises are used to couple the sections very strongly in this filter, which allows the bandwidth to be increased and the matching to be controlled. The comparison between the numerical and electromagnetic results, which we obtained for the filters, constitutes a means of validation of computer simulation technology (CST) environment and Mician for the design of the other circuit elements in the various frequency bands. We observed excellent consistency between the simulation curves and those of the measurements. The results obtained are promising and pave the way for the use of these structures in the fields of telecommunications.
Modeling and Structure Optimization of Tapped Transformer Yayah Zakaria
This document presents a study of the modeling and structure optimization of tapped transformers. It begins with introducing the basic structure of tapped transformers and defining their key geometric and technological parameters. It then presents an equivalent circuit model of tapped transformers and examines how to optimize the structure by changing the width and spacing of the primary coil to increase the quality factor Q and coupling coefficient K. Simulation results are compared with calculation results. The study finds that adjusting the width and spacing of the primary coil can influence the inductance and quality factor of tapped transformers.
Modeling and Structure Optimization of Tapped Transformer IJECEIAES
In this paper, a simplified circuit model of the tapped transformer structure has been presented to extract the Geometric and technology parameters and offer better physical understanding. Moreover, the structure of planar transformer has been optimized by using changing the width and space of the primary coil, so as to enlarge the quality factor Q and high coupling coefficient K. To verify the results obtained by using these models, we have compared them with the results obtained by employing the MATLAB simulator. Very good agreement has been recorded for the effective primary inductance value, whereas the effective primary quality factor value has shown a somewhat larger deviation than the inductance.
The Performance of a Cylindrical Microstrip Printed Antenna for TM10 Mode as...ijngnjournal
A temperature is one of the parameters that have a great effect on the performance of microstrip antennas for TM10 mode at 2.4 GHz frequency range. The effect of temperature on a resonance frequency, input impedance, voltage standing wave ratio, and return loss on the performance of a cylindrical microstrip printed antenna is studied in this paper. The effect of temperature on electric and magnetic fields are also studied. Three different substrate materials RT/duroid-5880 PTFE, K-6098 Teflon/Glass, and Epsilam-10 ceramic-filled Teflon are used for verifying the new model.
A new configuration of a printed diplexer designed for DCS and ISM bandsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work presents a new study on the design of a microstrip diplexer configuration optimized and validated for ISM and DCS frequency bands. The achieved structure is based on microstrip technology, the goal was to design two printed bandpass filters one for ISM band and the other one for DCS frequency band.The two microstrip filters are associated by using a T-junction which permits to validate a diplexer in the frequency bands DCS-Band receiver [1.74–2 GHz] and ISM-Band transmitter [2.3–2.55 GHz]. The whole size of the final circuit is 130x50 mm2. After the validation of the proposed diplexer into simulation we have fabricated and tested it by using VNA which permits to have a good agremment between simulation and measurements.
Design of Integrated LC Filter Using Multilayer Flexible Ferrite Sheets iosrjce
This document describes the design of an integrated LC filter using multilayer flexible ferrite sheets. Key points:
- The design aims to integrate an inductor and capacitor using ferrite sheets, which have both magnetic and dielectric properties, to reduce the size of filters in power electronic converters.
- The structure consists of a spiral inductor sandwiched between two ferrite sheets, acting as a magnetic core, with multiple ferrite layers above acting as a dielectric for a multilayer capacitor.
- Analytical equations are provided to calculate the inductance, capacitance, resistance and other parameters of the integrated LC component based on its geometric parameters and material properties.
- A design procedure is outlined to
This document describes the design of an integrated LC filter using multilayer flexible ferrite sheets. The structure consists of a spiral inductor sandwiched between two ferrite layers, which act as a magnetic core, and a multilayer capacitor above the ferrite layers. Analytical equations are provided to calculate the inductance, capacitance, and resistance of the design based on its geometric parameters and the material properties. A design procedure is outlined to size the components based on desired inductance and capacitance values. The integrated LC filter is simulated and a prototype is fabricated and tested to validate the analytical model.
IRJET- Dual Band Cylindrical DRA with Carbon Nano TubeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on a dual-band cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) using carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Key points:
- The antenna is designed to operate in both L and S bands using the fundamental TE11 mode and higher-order TE13 mode of the cylindrical DRA.
- CNTs are used to miniaturize the antenna structure due to their high permittivity. Simulation and experimental results show reasonable agreement on return loss, radiation pattern, and gain.
- The paper reviews properties of CNTs that make them suitable for antenna applications, such as conductivity, permittivity, and impact on resonance frequency. Modeling tools are discussed for designing C
Wireless power transfer using the concept of magnetic coil resonant systemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Long life lithium ion batteries and methanol fuel cells have been persuaded as ways to make
the electrical components more mobile, consumers’ expectations are still far from being met due to
the added weight and expenses for battery replacement. The discovery of wireless power is transfered as
a new option, and holds great promise to leave the oversized battery. The design of wireless power
transfer applies the concept of magnetic coil resonant system (MCRS). The concept of MCRS is similar
with a function of an antenna to transfer the power from one point to another. Simulation process is used to
produce the output wave on the virtual oscilloscope and to obtain the reading of output voltage from
the multimeter. The transmitter side contains power supply, transmitter oscillator circuit and transmitter
magnetic coil. Transmitter circuit convert DC to AC waveform and the receiver circuit convert AC to DC
voltage. The DC Source that connected to transmitter was provided by the DC source regulator acts as DC
source to adjust voltage and current separately. The project show the efficiency of the wireless power
transfer with different coil diameter and a distance between the transmitter and receiver coil. At a distance
of 15 cm, power is successfully transmitted as it is indicated by the LED light to turn on. The increment of
size in coil diameter has given a higher power and longer coverage distance for wireless transfer power.
This document summarizes the design of an X-band pyramidal horn antenna. It describes using the 3D EM solver WIPL-D to simulate and optimize the dimensions of a horn antenna to achieve over 20dB gain. The standard horn antenna was initially modeled to achieve 15dB gain. The horn dimensions were then optimized using a genetic algorithm in WIPL-D to achieve dimensions of la=4.87”, lb=3.62”, l3=10.06” resulting in 20dB gain. Both the simulated and experimentally measured antennas showed good performance within the X-band frequency range.
Design and Fabrication of the Novel Miniaturized Microstrip Coupler 3dB Using...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this work, a novel miniaturized compact coupler using the shunt-stubs artificial transimission
lines with high and low impedances is presented. Design of the proposed coupler is accomplished by
modifying the length and impedance of the branch lines in the conventional structure with the planar
resonators in order to achieve branch line coupler with compact size and improvement of the
performances. First part of this work is focusing on the theorical study of the proposed resonators where
the equations are obtained. Secondly, the proposed coupler is designed on FR4 susbtrate, and simulated
by using the EM Solver (ADS from Agilent technologies and CST microwave studio) in order to operate in
the ISM band. The obtained results show good agreement with the simulations and the coupler shows a
good perfo6rmance in the hole bandwidth. The size of the proposed coupler is reduced around 50%
compared to the conventional design. The last part conerns the fabrication and test of the proposed
coupler. The measurement and simulation results are in good agreements.
Design of Miniaturized Multiband Patch Antenna Using CSRR for WLAN/WiMAX Appl...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document summarizes the design of a miniaturized multiband patch antenna using complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) for WLAN and WiMAX applications. A normal rectangular microstrip patch antenna produces a single band at 5.15 GHz with 200 MHz bandwidth. By etching a single circular CSRR on the ground plane, additional bands are produced at 3.25 GHz, 4.5 GHz, and 5.22 GHz, covering the desired WLAN and WiMAX frequencies. Further etching a double circular CSRR produces bands at 2.99 GHz, 3.57 GHz, and 5.14 GHz, achieving both multiband operation and antenna miniaturization through the inductive and capacitive effects of the CSRRs
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Circular polarization folded reflectarray antenna for 5G applicationsTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Fifth-generation (5G) is a wireless connection built specifically to keep up with the rapid increase
of devices that need a mobile internet connection. A system working on 5G band can provide higher
bandwidth and faster data rate as compared to fourth-generation (4G) band. Thus, an antenna with higher
gain and lower profile is required to support this system. On the other hand, the performance of circular
polarization antenna is better than linear polarization antenna due to its ability to accept wave from
different direction. In this project, a low-profile circular polarization folded reflectarray antenna with
operating frequency of 28 GHz is presented. This project is divided into two parts. In the first part, a linear
polarization folded reflectarray antenna is designed. In this second part, a meander lines polarizer is used
to convert the linear polarization antenna to circular polarization antenna. The antenna is fed by a linear
polarized waveguide. Each radiating element of the antenna is in rectangular shape. The size of
the radiating elements are selected according to obtain required phase delay to form a planar phase front
in the far-field distance. Both of the antennas are simulated by using Computer Simulation Technology
(CST) software. Finally, the results show excellent performances with 16.81 dB directivity and 1.49 dB
axial ratio at 28 GHz. Thus, the antenna is very suitable for 5G applications.
An analytical method with numerical results to be used in the design of optic...nooriasukmaningtyas
This study develops an analytical method with numerical results for the design of optical slab waveguides for optical communication system applications. An optical slab waveguide structure made of silicon on silicon dioxide material is designed and analyzed. The effective index of the mode is studied against variations in the waveguide dimensions. Transmission and reflection coefficients are studied and compared to the wavelength and dimensions of the waveguide. Variations are sketched with the x-axis, in addition to the electric field intensity distribution and effective refractive index. Waveguide bending loss is also studied with waveguide thickness and length variations within three waveguide transmission windows of 850 nm, 1300nm, and 1550nm.
The document describes a novel multi-segment cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for broadband operation. The proposed antenna structure consists of three stacked cylindrical dielectric segments made of different materials and fed by a microstrip line. Simulation results show the antenna achieves a bandwidth of 2GHz from 6.5-8.5GHz, with a resonant frequency of 7.408GHz and reflection coefficient of -66.01dB. The multi-segment cylindrical DRA design offers potential for wireless applications requiring broadband performance such as WLAN and WiMAX systems.
Simulations of the CNFETs using different high-k gate dielectricsjournalBEEI
In this paper we presented the analysis of Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNFETs) using various high-k gate dielectric materials. The objective of this work was to choose the best possible material for gate dielectric. This paper also presented the study on the effect of thickness of gate dielectric on the performance of the device. For the analysis (19, 0) CNT was considered because the diameter of (19, 0) CNT is 1.49nm and the CNFETs have been fabricated with the CNT diameter of ~1.5nm. It has been observed that La2O3 is the best gate dielectric material followed by HfO2 and ZrO2. It was also observed that as thickness of gate dielectric material reduces, drain current of CNFET increases. The outcomes of this study matches with the analytical results and hence confirm the results.
Pattern reconfigurable dielectric resonator antenna using capacitor loading ...IJECEIAES
This research study presents a cube dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with four different radiation patterns for internet of things (IoT) applications. The various radiation patterns are determined by the grounded capacitor loading to reduce interference. The DRA is constructed of ceramic material with a dielectric constant of 30 and is fed via a coaxial probe located in the antenna’s center. Capacitors are used to load the four parasitic microstrip feed lines. Each pattern of radiation is adjustable by adjusting the capacitors loading on the feed line. The proposed antenna works at 3.5 GHz with -10 narrow impedance bandwidth of 74 MHz.
This document summarizes research on modeling the effects of adding a rectangular slot to a microstrip patch antenna. The researchers developed an analytical model to predict how the resonant frequency changes based on the slot's length, width, and position. They conducted simulations varying the slot parameters and found that the resonant frequency generally follows a harmonic behavior similar to an antenna without a slot. Experimental antenna prototypes were fabricated and tested, finding good agreement with simulation results. Mathematical functions are presented that can describe how the slot affects specific antenna characteristics.
Similar to Design and modeling of solenoid inductor integrated with FeNiCo in high frequency (20)
Amazon products reviews classification based on machine learning, deep learni...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In recent times, the trend of online shopping through e-commerce stores and websites has grown to a huge extent. Whenever a product is purchased on an e-commerce platform, people leave their reviews about the product. These reviews are very helpful for the store owners and the product’s manufacturers for the betterment of their work process as well as product quality. An automated system is proposed in this work that operates on two datasets D1 and D2 obtained from Amazon. After certain preprocessing steps, N-gram and word embedding-based features are extracted using term frequency-inverse document frequency (TF-IDF), bag of words (BoW) and global vectors (GloVe), and Word2vec, respectively. Four machine learning (ML) models support vector machines (SVM), logistic regression (RF), logistic regression (LR), multinomial Naïve Bayes (MNB), two deep learning (DL) models convolutional neural network (CNN), long-short term memory (LSTM), and standalone bidirectional encoder representations (BERT) are used to classify reviews as either positive or negative. The results obtained by the standard ML, DL models and BERT are evaluated using certain performance evaluation measures. BERT turns out to be the best-performing model in the case of D1 with an accuracy of 90% on features derived by word embedding models while the CNN provides the best accuracy of 97% upon word embedding features in the case of D2. The proposed model shows better overall performance on D2 as compared to D1.
Design, simulation, and analysis of microstrip patch antenna for wireless app...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
In this study, a microstrip patch antenna that works at 3.6 GHz was built and tested to see how well it works. In this work, Rogers RT/Duroid 5880 has been used as the substrate material, with a dielectric permittivity of 2.2 and a thickness of 0.3451 mm; it serves as the base for the examined antenna. The computer simulation technology (CST) studio suite is utilized to show the recommended antenna design. The goal of this study was to get a more extensive transmission capacity, a lower voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and a lower return loss, but the main goal was to get a higher gain, directivity, and efficiency. After simulation, the return loss, gain, directivity, bandwidth, and efficiency of the supplied antenna are found to be -17.626 dB, 9.671 dBi, 9.924 dBi, 0.2 GHz, and 97.45%, respectively. Besides, the recreation uncovered that the transfer speed side-lobe level at phi was much better than those of the earlier works, at -28.8 dB, respectively. Thus, it makes a solid contender for remote innovation and more robust communication.
Design and simulation an optimal enhanced PI controller for congestion avoida...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This document describes using a snake optimization algorithm to tune the gains of an enhanced proportional-integral controller for congestion avoidance in a TCP/AQM system. The controller aims to maintain a stable and desired queue size without noise or transmission problems. A linearized model of the TCP/AQM system is presented. An enhanced PI controller combining nonlinear gain and original PI gains is proposed. The snake optimization algorithm is then used to tune the parameters of the enhanced PI controller to achieve optimal system performance and response. Simulation results are discussed showing the proposed controller provides a stable and robust behavior for congestion control.
Improving the detection of intrusion in vehicular ad-hoc networks with modifi...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) are wireless-equipped vehicles that form networks along the road. The security of this network has been a major challenge. The identity-based cryptosystem (IBC) previously used to secure the networks suffers from membership authentication security features. This paper focuses on improving the detection of intruders in VANETs with a modified identity-based cryptosystem (MIBC). The MIBC is developed using a non-singular elliptic curve with Lagrange interpolation. The public key of vehicles and roadside units on the network are derived from number plates and location identification numbers, respectively. Pseudo-identities are used to mask the real identity of users to preserve their privacy. The membership authentication mechanism ensures that only valid and authenticated members of the network are allowed to join the network. The performance of the MIBC is evaluated using intrusion detection ratio (IDR) and computation time (CT) and then validated with the existing IBC. The result obtained shows that the MIBC recorded an IDR of 99.3% against 94.3% obtained for the existing identity-based cryptosystem (EIBC) for 140 unregistered vehicles attempting to intrude on the network. The MIBC shows lower CT values of 1.17 ms against 1.70 ms for EIBC. The MIBC can be used to improve the security of VANETs.
Conceptual model of internet banking adoption with perceived risk and trust f...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Understanding the primary factors of internet banking (IB) acceptance is critical for both banks and users; nevertheless, our knowledge of the role of users’ perceived risk and trust in IB adoption is limited. As a result, we develop a conceptual model by incorporating perceived risk and trust into the technology acceptance model (TAM) theory toward the IB. The proper research emphasized that the most essential component in explaining IB adoption behavior is behavioral intention to use IB adoption. TAM is helpful for figuring out how elements that affect IB adoption are connected to one another. According to previous literature on IB and the use of such technology in Iraq, one has to choose a theoretical foundation that may justify the acceptance of IB from the customer’s perspective. The conceptual model was therefore constructed using the TAM as a foundation. Furthermore, perceived risk and trust were added to the TAM dimensions as external factors. The key objective of this work was to extend the TAM to construct a conceptual model for IB adoption and to get sufficient theoretical support from the existing literature for the essential elements and their relationships in order to unearth new insights about factors responsible for IB adoption.
Efficient combined fuzzy logic and LMS algorithm for smart antennaTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
The smart antennas are broadly used in wireless communication. The least mean square (LMS) algorithm is a procedure that is concerned in controlling the smart antenna pattern to accommodate specified requirements such as steering the beam toward the desired signal, in addition to placing the deep nulls in the direction of unwanted signals. The conventional LMS (C-LMS) has some drawbacks like slow convergence speed besides high steady state fluctuation error. To overcome these shortcomings, the present paper adopts an adaptive fuzzy control step size least mean square (FC-LMS) algorithm to adjust its step size. Computer simulation outcomes illustrate that the given model has fast convergence rate as well as low mean square error steady state.
Design and implementation of a LoRa-based system for warning of forest fireTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
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Design and modeling of solenoid inductor integrated with FeNiCo in high frequency
1. TELKOMNIKA Telecommunication, Computing, Electronics and Control
Vol. 18, No. 4, August 2020, pp. 1746~1753
ISSN: 1693-6930, accredited First Grade by Kemenristekdikti, Decree No: 21/E/KPT/2018
DOI: 10.12928/TELKOMNIKA.v18i4.12139 1746
Journal homepage: http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/TELKOMNIKA
Design and modeling of solenoid inductor integrated
with FeNiCo in high frequency
Abdelhadi Namoune1
, Rachid Taleb2
, Noureddine Mansour3
1
Electrical Engineering Department, Institute of Sciences and Technology, Ahmed Zabana University Centre, Algeria
2
Electrical Engineering Department, Hassiba Benbouali University, Algeria
2
Laboratoire Génie Electrique et Energies Renouvelables (LGEER), Algeria
3
College of Engineering, University of Bahrain, Bahrain
Article Info ABSTRACT
Article history:
Received Dec 27, 2018
Revised Apr 8, 2020
Accepted Apr 20, 2020
In this work, the design and modeling of the solenoid inductor are discussed.
The layout of integrated inductors with magnetic cores and their geometrical
parameters are developed. The quality factor Q and inductance value L are
derived from the S-parameters and plotted versus frequency. The effect
of solenoid inductor geometry on inductance and quality factor are studied
via simulation using MATLAB. The solenoid inductor geometry parameters
considered are the turn’s number, the magnetic core length, the width
of a magnetic core, the gap between turns, the magnetic core thickness,
the coil thickness, and solenoid inductor oxide thickness. The performance
of the proposed solenoid inductor integrated with FeNiCo is compared with
other solenoid inductors.
Keywords:
High frequency
Integrated
Magnetic core
Solenoid inductor
This is an open-access article under the CC BY-SA license.
Corresponding Author:
Abdelhadi Namoune,
Electrical Engineering Department,
Institute of Sciences and Technology,
Ahmed Zabana University Centre, Relizane, Algeria.
Email: namoune.abdelhadi@gmail.com
1. INTRODUCTION
The high demand for decreasing the size and weight of communication devices has been a strong
incentive for researchers to improve monolithic inductors [1, 2]. The inductor is the least compatible passive
device with silicon integration and subsequent scaling [3] and is often used in RF (radio frequencies)
applications as a discrete device rather than an integrated circuit into the silicon chip [4]. The bulkiness of
the discrete inductors has been a disadvantage for use in portable electronic devices, and hence inductors that
incorporate magnetic films to boost inductance densities have researched recently [4]. The use of magnetic
films shows potential for completely integrated inductors that have significantly higher inductance density
and thus take up less space, ideal for portable electronics [5]. High-frequency measurements of the on-chip
integrated inductors have been implemented, from which the inductance, the resistance and quality factor of
the magnetic and air-core inductor can be extracted according to a two-port circuit model.
Inductors play an important role in RFICs (radio frequencies integrated circuits). This valuable
distinction paves the way for researchers to work on their structures enhancement to reach optimized
performance. The use of on-chip inductors for the design of integrated wireless communication systems ease
the system integration and miniaturization and avoid parasite introduction. These features are, however,
difficult to achieve when using discrete components.
2. TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control
Design and modeling of solenoid inductor integrated with FeNiCo… (Abdelhadi Namoune)
1747
Previous work [6] proposed solenoid inductor structures, their findings showed enhancement in
the quality factor and inductance as evaluated using geometrical parameters. Recently, integrated inductors
fabricated using thin films and magnetic cores [7] are developed. This design technology exhibited 10 times
more performance enhancement than that of an air-core inductor of identical geometry. In this work,
we proposed a new magnetic material made of FeNiCo, which can achieve optimistic permeability of 100.
In this paper, an on-chip solenoid inductor has been studied. The first part addresses, the modeling
of the solenoid inductor and derivation of the relationships between geometrical parameters and the process
parameters (inductance and quality factor). The second part discusses the simulation of the solenoid inductor
integrated with FeNiCo. In this part, the influence of various parameters such as the operating frequency,
the spacing between the coils, the number of coils, and the thickness of the magnetic core are analyzed in
detail by simulation with MATLAB software. Finally, the simulation results are compared with published
results of inductor designs.
2. DESIGN OF SOLENOID INDUCTOR
Figure 1 illustrates the top and cross-section views of the schematic design diagram of the solenoid
rectangular micro-inductor [8]. The copper winding sets up the bottom copper tracks and the top copper tracks
are connected through vias [9]. The use of magnetic cores facilitate the shape miniaturization and keeps
the stray fields within limits better than air-core coil inductors. The objective of this work is to achieve
a ferromagnetic resonance frequency of 4.7 GHz with the FeNiCo magnetic core as a hard axis and having
a permeability of 100.
Based on the target specifications of the solenoid inductor, the design was made by adjusting
parameters of the core and winding dimensions [9]. The geometrical input parameters are: the size of vias sV,
gap surrounding the vias gV, the gap between two adjacent turns g, the thickness of coil tC, length of coil lC,
the width of coil wC (wV), magnetic core thickness tM, magnetic core width wM, magnetic film length lA(lM),
air-core width wA, the thickness of the gap between top and bottom conductor tA and number of turns N.
The output parameters are the DC and AC resistance, the total inductance and maximum magnetic induction
described in [10].
(a) (b)
Figure 1. Schematic design of solenoid micro-inductors: (a) top view and (b) cross-section view
The relation for the inductance of the integrated solenoid inductor with air core can be expressed as:
LAC = LParasitic + LWinding (1)
where the winding inductance LWinding can be described by the classical Wheeler formula [11]:
LWinding =
10.π.μ0.N2.a2
9a+10lA
, a = √
(wA+2sV).(tA+2tC)
π
(2)
The parasitic inductance LParasitic describes the effects of the parasitic at the ports. If the magnetic core is
included, it can be shown that the inductance [12, 13] and series resistance [14, 15] can be approximated
respectively by:
3. ISSN: 1693-6930
TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control, Vol. 18, No. 4, August 2020: 1746 - 1753
1748
L =
μ0.μr.N2.wM.tM
lM
(3)
R =
2N.wM.ρC
wC.δC.(1−e−(tC/δC)
(4)
where δC is the wire skin depth expressed as [16]:
δC = √
ρC
(π.μ0.μrC.f)
(5)
where 0 =4..10-7
[H/m] and μrC is the relative magnetic permeability of the wire. For a copper conductor
case, μrC = 1 and ρC = 17.24×10-9
[Ω.m] at 20 °C. Since the quality factor, Q, inductance, L, and resistance, R,
are related as follows:
𝑄 =
𝜔𝐿
𝑅
(6)
Hence, the quality factor can be computed by replacing (3) and (4) in (6):
Q =
ωμ0.μr.N.tM.wC.(1−e−(tC/δC))
2lM.ρC
(7)
2.1. Parameter extraction
In a typical two-port circuit model shown in Figure 2, the S-parameters provide a clear physical
interpretation of the transmission and reflection performance of the device [17]. It can be described in terms
of the scattering parameters as:
[
z1
z2
] = [
S11 S12
S21 S22
] . [
x1
x2
] (8)
or in terms of the admittance parameters as:
[
I1
I2
] = [
Y11 Y12
Y21 Y22
] . [
V1
V2
] (9)
The circuit of the integrated solenoid inductor in this work is reciprocal, so Y11=Y22 and Y12=Y21. Then we have
the following equations to compute the frequency dependence of the inductance and quality factor.
(a) (b)
Figure 2. The equivalent circuit of
(a) the two-port model for inductors and (b) its network of S-parameters.
S21
S22
S12
S11
x1
x2
z2
z1
S21
S22
S12
S11
x1
x2
z2
z1
4. TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control
Design and modeling of solenoid inductor integrated with FeNiCo… (Abdelhadi Namoune)
1749
L =
Im(
1
−Y12
)
2πf
(10)
Q = −
Im(
1
Y12
)
Re(
1
Y12
)
(11)
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Influence of the number of turns
Results of inductance and quality factor variation versus frequency for three different numbers
of turns are shown in Figure 3. As shown in Figure 3 (a), an increase in turns number leads to an increase
of inductance from 15 to 24 nH at a frequency of 1.5 GHz. However, Figure 3 (b) shows that solenoid
inductor with a lower number of turns has the highest quality factor. This is because the increase of N
enlarges the total length and reduces the cross-section of the coil [18].
(a) (b)
Figure 3. Illustrate (a) the inductance and (b) the quality factor versus frequency
for three different numbers of turns
3.2. Influence of the magnetic core length
Figure 4 shows the plots of the inductance and quality factor versus frequency for three different
lengths of the magnetic core, which are 300, 400 and 500 μm. As shown in Figure 4 (a), the inductance
decreases for high length. However, as illustrated in Figure 4 (b), the quality factor trend is the opposite
for high length. This can be explained by the fact an increase in magnetic core length with turn number
and gap between the two neighboring windings unchanged, results in the wider winding. This latter will lead
to a lower resistance loss and hence to higher quality factor [19].
3.3. Influence of the magnetic core width
Figure 5 illustrates the inductance and quality factor as a function of the frequency for two
different widths of the magnetic core, which are 310 and 420μm. The inductance increases from 15 to 21 nH
at a frequency of 1.5 GHz for an increased width, while the quality factor is not too much influenced
by changes in the width. Ideally, with a stable number of turn and the same gap between the two adjoining
coils, the enlarged magnetic core width results in longer coils, leading to a higher resistance loss
and diminish quality factor [20].
3.4. Influence of the gap between turns
Figure 6 shows the plots of quality factor and inductance variation versus frequency for gaps
between the neighboring winding equal to 20μm and 15μm. The results show that an increase of about 33%
of the gap did not lead to significant changes. In this simulation, we only observed a 16% increase in
the inductance and a 7 % decrease in the peak quality factor at a frequency of about 2.3 GHz. This result also
illustrates that an increase in the gap between the neighboring windings with a fixed magnetic core length
reduces the width of windings, which leads to an increase in resistance loss [21].
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
x 10
-8
Frequency F(Hz)
InductanceL(H)
N = 5 turns
N = 4 turns
N = 3 turns
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Frequency F(Hz)
QualityFactorQ
N = 5 turns
N = 4 turns
N = 3 turns
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
x 10
-8
Frequency F(Hz)
InductanceL(H)
N = 5 turns
N = 4 turns
N = 3 turns
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Frequency F(Hz)
QualityFactorQ
N = 5 turns
N = 4 turns
N = 3 turns
5. ISSN: 1693-6930
TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control, Vol. 18, No. 4, August 2020: 1746 - 1753
1750
(a) (b)
Figure 4. Illustrate (a) the inductance and (b) the quality factor versus frequency
for three different lengths of magnetic core
(a) (b)
Figure 5. Illustrate (a) the inductance and (b) the quality factor versus frequency
for two different widths of magnetic core
(a) (b)
Figure 6. Illustrate (a) the inductance and (b) the quality factor versus frequency
for two different gaps between turns.
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
x 10
-8
Frequency F(Hz)
InductanceL(H)
length of magnetic core = 300 µm
length of magnetic core = 400 µm
length of magnetic core = 500 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Frequency F(Hz)
QualityFactorQ
length of magnetic core = 300 µm
length of magnetic core = 400 µm
length of magnetic core = 500 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
x 10
-8
Frequency F(Hz)
InductanceL(H)
length of magnetic core = 300 µm
length of magnetic core = 400 µm
length of magnetic core = 500 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Frequency F(Hz)
QualityFactorQ
length of magnetic core = 300 µm
length of magnetic core = 400 µm
length of magnetic core = 500 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
x 10
-8
Frequency F(Hz)
InductanceL(H)
width of magnetic core = 310 µm
width of magnetic core = 420 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Frequency F(Hz)
QualityFactorQ
width of magnetic core = 310 µm
width of magnetic core = 420 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
x 10
-8
Frequency F(Hz)
InductanceL(H)
width of magnetic core = 310 µm
width of magnetic core = 420 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Frequency F(Hz)
QualityFactorQ
width of magnetic core = 310 µm
width of magnetic core = 420 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
x 10
-8
Frequency F(Hz)
InductanceL(H)
gap between turns = 20 µm
gap between turns = 15 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Frequency F(Hz)
QualityFactorQ
gap between turns = 20 µm
gap between turns = 15 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
x 10
-8
Frequency F(Hz)
InductanceL(H)
gap between turns = 20 µm
gap between turns = 15 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Frequency F(Hz)
QualityFactorQ
gap between turns = 20 µm
gap between turns = 15 µm
6. TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control
Design and modeling of solenoid inductor integrated with FeNiCo… (Abdelhadi Namoune)
1751
3.5. Influence of the thickness of the magnetic core
Figure 7 displays the inductance and quality factor of the solenoid inductor for two different
thicknesses of the magnetic core. The results show that by increasing the thickness of the magnetic core from
1µm to 2µm improves both the inductance value and quality factor.
(a) (b)
Figure 7. Illustrate (a) the inductance and (b) the quality factor versus frequency
for two different thickness of the magnetic core
3.6. Influence of the thickness of the coil
Figure 8 shows the inductance and quality factor plotted over a range of frequencies for three different
thicknesses of the coils (i.e.2µm–3µm–4µm). As shown in Figure 8 (a), the inductance value for the thicker coil
is more to that of the thinner coil. It can be noticed from Figure 8 (b) that the peak of the quality factor has also
improved with an increase in the thickness of the coils.
(a) (b)
Figure 8. Illustrate (a) the inductance and (b) the quality factor versus frequency
for three different thicknesses of coils
3.7. Influence of the insulator thickness
The effect of the oxide thickness on the inductance is shown in Figure 9 (a). The enhanced silicon
dioxide structure shows a boosted inductance value compared with that of conventional silicon dioxide at
about 3 MHz frequency. Figure 9 (b) illustrates that the quality factor exhibits larger values with oxide
thickness. This latter occurs because structure with thicker silicon dioxide layer will exhibit less loss.
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
x 10
-8
Frequency F(Hz)
InductanceL(H)
thickness of magnetic core= 2 µm
thickness of magnetic core = 1 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Frequency F(Hz)
QualityFactorQ
thickness of magnetic core = 2 µm
thickness of magnetic core = 1 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
x 10
-8
Frequency F(Hz)
InductanceL(H)
thickness of magnetic core= 2 µm
thickness of magnetic core = 1 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Frequency F(Hz)
QualityFactorQ
thickness of magnetic core = 2 µm
thickness of magnetic core = 1 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
x 10
-8
Frequency F(Hz)
InductanceL(H)
thickness of the coil = 4 µm
thickness of the coil = 3 µm
thickness of the coil = 2 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Frequency F(Hz)
QualityFactorQ
thickness of the coil = 4 µm
thickness of the coil = 3 µm
thickness of the coil = 2 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
x 10
-8
Frequency F(Hz)
InductanceL(H)
thickness of the coil = 4 µm
thickness of the coil = 3 µm
thickness of the coil = 2 µm
1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
x 10
9
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
Frequency F(Hz)
QualityFactorQ
thickness of the coil = 4 µm
thickness of the coil = 3 µm
thickness of the coil = 2 µm
7. ISSN: 1693-6930
TELKOMNIKA Telecommun Comput El Control, Vol. 18, No. 4, August 2020: 1746 - 1753
1752
(a) (b)
Figure 9. Illustrate (a) the inductance and (b) the quality factor versus frequency
with and without oxide thickness
3.8. Comparison of solenoid inductor with other inductors
The performance of the solenoid inductor is compared with other inductors integrated with magnetic
cores as indicated in Table 1. The values mentioned in the table under ‘this work’ are the maximum
inductance, maximum quality factor, self-resonant frequency and different magnetic materials obtained by
the parametric analysis. The results show that with our design proposal, we can achieve simultaneously
satisfactory enhanced inductance and quality factors at GHz frequencies.
Table 1. Comparison of integrated solenoid inductor characteristic
between ‘this work’ and other published results.
Inductor designs Magnetic Materials Frequency (Hz) L (nH) Qmax Ref
Solenoid CoTaZr 10 .106
219 4 [22]
Solenoid FeCoB/Al2O3 Multilayer 50.106
13 8 [23, 24]
Solenoid On PCB CoFeHfO 200.106
1 23 [25]
Solenoid FeGaB/Al2O3 Multilayer 1200.106
15 20 [26]
Solenoid FeNiCo (1 - 4).109
20 17 This work
4. CONCLUSION
In this paper, we have presented the design and modeling of a solenoid inductor. The most challenging
task encountered is to determine the appropriate electrical parameters (i.e. inductance and quality factor). Next,
the optimization of the quality factor of a solenoid inductor integrated with FeNiCo requires a weakly width of
the magnetic core, the gap between turns and strong numbers of turns, length of the magnetic core,
the thickness of the magnetic core, the thickness of the coil and oxide thickness. Our results demonstrate
cutting-edge high-frequency (one–four GHz) performance for a combination of high-quality factors and
inductance values. We conclude from the results obtained in this work, that there is still a possibility to improve
existing inductor structure to realize stable and better results over a wide high-frequency range. We conclude
also that use of inductor simulation to analyze and understand factors that affect system parameters (i.e. quality
factor and inductance) and compare them with expected desired results is pre-requisite before the design of
more robust inductor.
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