The measurement of a plant growth without interrupting its natural growth is essential since its diameter and height are related to the development of a tree as well as the water contents. Therefore main objective of this project is to find the diameter and height of a plant. Hence in this proposed work, an interface between a C3008 smart camera and a computer has been developed. Main advantage of this camera module is that it has digital output and digital video port that supplies a continuous 8-16 bit range of data stream. It is used to capture the image of a plant at different intervals of time. A MATLAB GUI has been developed for performing Sobel Edge Detection on a plant image to determine its height, maximum and minimum width. Such programs enable us to automatically measure and record the various parameters of a plant. The results attained prove that the system is capable of measuring the changes (diameter and height changes) of plant’s growth accurately.
PREPROCESSING ALGORITHM FOR DIGITAL FINGERPRINT IMAGE RECOGNITION ijcsity
Biometrics is one of the most used technologies in the field of security due to its reliability and
performance. It is based on several physical human characteristics but the most used technology is the
fingerprint recognition, and since we must carry out an image processing to be able to exploit the data in
each fingerprint we propose in this article an image preprocessing procedure in order to improve its
quality before extracting the necessary information for the comparison phase.
Image processing based girth monitoring and recording system for rubber plant...sipij
Measuring the girth and continuous monitoring of the increase in girth is one of the most important processes in rubber plantations since identification of girth deficiencies would enable planters to take corrective actions to ensure a good yield from the plantation.
This research paper presents an image processing based girth measurement & recording system that can replace existing manual process in an efficient and economical manner.
The system uses a digital image of the tree which uses the current number drawn on the tree to identify the tree number & its width. The image is threshold first & then filtered out using several filtering criterion to identify possible candidates for numbers. Identified blobs are then fed to the Tesseract OCR for number recognition. Threshold image is then filtered again with different criterion to segment out the black strip drawn on the tree which is then used to calculate the width of the tree using calibration parameters. Once the tree number is identified & width is calculated the girth the measured girth of the tree is stored in the data base under the identified tree number.
The results obtained from the system indicated significant improvement in efficiency & economy for main plantations. As future developments we are proposing a standard commercial system for girth measurement using standardized 2D Bar Codes as tree identifiers
Automatic Real Time Auditorium Power Supply Control using Image Processingidescitation
One of the major problems in the most populated and developing countries like
India, is Energy or Power crisis. Hence, there is a pressing need to conserve power. There
are many simple ways to save electricity, like using the electric and electronic gadgets
whenever and wherever needed and switching them off, while not in use. But in places such
as large auditoriums and meeting halls, there will be a fan or an Air-conditioner keeps
running in unmanned area too, even before the people arrive. This contributes to a
considerable amount of electricity wastage. There are many ways to prevent this wastage,
like, installing IR sensors to detect people etc. These methods are quite costlier and complex
for larger areas. Hence, here we propose a new method of controlling the power supply of
auditoriums using, Image Processing. Here first we take a reference image of an empty
auditorium and any change in that reference image is detected and then according to that
change respective equipments alone are turned on. Thus power wastage is controlled. This is
dual usage system in which a camera is used for detecting people as well as surveillance
purposes. This is very simple, efficient and cheaper technique to save energy. Another big
advantage is, we can extend this up to applications like home automation etc.
PREPROCESSING ALGORITHM FOR DIGITAL FINGERPRINT IMAGE RECOGNITION ijcsity
Biometrics is one of the most used technologies in the field of security due to its reliability and
performance. It is based on several physical human characteristics but the most used technology is the
fingerprint recognition, and since we must carry out an image processing to be able to exploit the data in
each fingerprint we propose in this article an image preprocessing procedure in order to improve its
quality before extracting the necessary information for the comparison phase.
Image processing based girth monitoring and recording system for rubber plant...sipij
Measuring the girth and continuous monitoring of the increase in girth is one of the most important processes in rubber plantations since identification of girth deficiencies would enable planters to take corrective actions to ensure a good yield from the plantation.
This research paper presents an image processing based girth measurement & recording system that can replace existing manual process in an efficient and economical manner.
The system uses a digital image of the tree which uses the current number drawn on the tree to identify the tree number & its width. The image is threshold first & then filtered out using several filtering criterion to identify possible candidates for numbers. Identified blobs are then fed to the Tesseract OCR for number recognition. Threshold image is then filtered again with different criterion to segment out the black strip drawn on the tree which is then used to calculate the width of the tree using calibration parameters. Once the tree number is identified & width is calculated the girth the measured girth of the tree is stored in the data base under the identified tree number.
The results obtained from the system indicated significant improvement in efficiency & economy for main plantations. As future developments we are proposing a standard commercial system for girth measurement using standardized 2D Bar Codes as tree identifiers
Automatic Real Time Auditorium Power Supply Control using Image Processingidescitation
One of the major problems in the most populated and developing countries like
India, is Energy or Power crisis. Hence, there is a pressing need to conserve power. There
are many simple ways to save electricity, like using the electric and electronic gadgets
whenever and wherever needed and switching them off, while not in use. But in places such
as large auditoriums and meeting halls, there will be a fan or an Air-conditioner keeps
running in unmanned area too, even before the people arrive. This contributes to a
considerable amount of electricity wastage. There are many ways to prevent this wastage,
like, installing IR sensors to detect people etc. These methods are quite costlier and complex
for larger areas. Hence, here we propose a new method of controlling the power supply of
auditoriums using, Image Processing. Here first we take a reference image of an empty
auditorium and any change in that reference image is detected and then according to that
change respective equipments alone are turned on. Thus power wastage is controlled. This is
dual usage system in which a camera is used for detecting people as well as surveillance
purposes. This is very simple, efficient and cheaper technique to save energy. Another big
advantage is, we can extend this up to applications like home automation etc.
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Vertex markers: modification of grid methods as markers to reproduce large si...IJECEIAES
Marker Based Augmented Reality means technology that can present digital content in the real world based on markers. The weakness of the research on developing Marker Based Augmented Reality applications found is using small digital content. Weakness is caused by the area of view of Augmented Reality cameras is limited by the placement of markers that are affordable to the user's hand. The fundamental contribution and advantage of this study to modifying the Grid method become a vertex marker for reproducing a large digital object accurately and can be reached by hand when displayed. Finally, the accuracy testing revealed continous of pieces of digital objects that showed by vertex markers are accurate.
RECOGNIZING AND TRACKING OUTDOOR OBJECTS BY USING ARTOOLKIT MARKERSijcsit
We created an augmented reality platform for spatial exploration that recognizes buildings facades and displays various multimedia for different time points. In order to provide the user with the best user experience fast recognition and stable tracking are the key elements of any augmented reality app. In an outdoor environment, lighting, reflective surfaces and occlusion can drastically affect the user experience. In a setup where these conditions are similar, marker creation methodology and the app parameters are key. In this paper we focus on resizing the photo prior marker creating and the importance of camera calibration and resolution and their effect on the recognition speed and quality of tracking outdoor objects.
Enhanced Optimization of Edge Detection for High Resolution Images Using Veri...ijcisjournal
dge Detection plays a crucial role in Image Processing and Segmentation where a set of algorithms aims
to identify various portions of a digital image at which a sharpened image is observed in the output or
more formally has discontinuities. The contour of Edge Detection also helps in Object Detection and
Recognition. Image edges can be detected by using two attributes such as Gradient and Laplacian. In our
Paper, we proposed a system which utilizes Canny and Sobel Operators for Edge Detection which is a
Gradient First order derivative function for edge detection by using Verilog Hardware Description
Language and in turn compared with the results of the previous paper in Matlab. The process of edge
detection in Verilog significantly reduces the processing time and filters out unneeded information, while
preserving the important structural properties of an image. This edge detection can be used to detect
vehicles in Traffic Jam, Medical imaging system for analysing MRI, x-rays by using Xilinx ISE Design
Suite 14.2.
A Flexible Scheme for Transmission Line Fault Identification Using Image Proc...IJEEE
This paper describes a methodology that aims to find and diagnosing faults in transmission lines exploitation image process technique. The image processing techniques have been widely used to solve problem in process of all areas. In this paper, the methodology conjointly uses a digital image process Wavelet Shrinkage function to fault identification and diagnosis. In other words, the purpose is to extract the faulty image from the source with the separation and the co-ordinates of the transmission lines. The segmentation objective is the image division its set of parts and objects, which distinguishes it among others in the scene, are the key to have an improved result in identification of faults.The experimental results indicate that the proposed method provides promising results and is advantageous both in terms of PSNR and in visual quality.
Digital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing.
The secondary element image measuring instrument (aka image mapping instrument) is based on the CCD digital image and relies on the powerful software capabilities of computer screen measurement technology and space geometry calculation. After the computer is installed with dedicated control and graphics measurement software, it becomes the measurement brain with the software soul, which is the main body of the whole device.
A small sample of design projects showing a new cultural center, a new fed research lab on university campus, a historic lab modernization, and a compact TND development
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Vertex markers: modification of grid methods as markers to reproduce large si...IJECEIAES
Marker Based Augmented Reality means technology that can present digital content in the real world based on markers. The weakness of the research on developing Marker Based Augmented Reality applications found is using small digital content. Weakness is caused by the area of view of Augmented Reality cameras is limited by the placement of markers that are affordable to the user's hand. The fundamental contribution and advantage of this study to modifying the Grid method become a vertex marker for reproducing a large digital object accurately and can be reached by hand when displayed. Finally, the accuracy testing revealed continous of pieces of digital objects that showed by vertex markers are accurate.
RECOGNIZING AND TRACKING OUTDOOR OBJECTS BY USING ARTOOLKIT MARKERSijcsit
We created an augmented reality platform for spatial exploration that recognizes buildings facades and displays various multimedia for different time points. In order to provide the user with the best user experience fast recognition and stable tracking are the key elements of any augmented reality app. In an outdoor environment, lighting, reflective surfaces and occlusion can drastically affect the user experience. In a setup where these conditions are similar, marker creation methodology and the app parameters are key. In this paper we focus on resizing the photo prior marker creating and the importance of camera calibration and resolution and their effect on the recognition speed and quality of tracking outdoor objects.
Enhanced Optimization of Edge Detection for High Resolution Images Using Veri...ijcisjournal
dge Detection plays a crucial role in Image Processing and Segmentation where a set of algorithms aims
to identify various portions of a digital image at which a sharpened image is observed in the output or
more formally has discontinuities. The contour of Edge Detection also helps in Object Detection and
Recognition. Image edges can be detected by using two attributes such as Gradient and Laplacian. In our
Paper, we proposed a system which utilizes Canny and Sobel Operators for Edge Detection which is a
Gradient First order derivative function for edge detection by using Verilog Hardware Description
Language and in turn compared with the results of the previous paper in Matlab. The process of edge
detection in Verilog significantly reduces the processing time and filters out unneeded information, while
preserving the important structural properties of an image. This edge detection can be used to detect
vehicles in Traffic Jam, Medical imaging system for analysing MRI, x-rays by using Xilinx ISE Design
Suite 14.2.
A Flexible Scheme for Transmission Line Fault Identification Using Image Proc...IJEEE
This paper describes a methodology that aims to find and diagnosing faults in transmission lines exploitation image process technique. The image processing techniques have been widely used to solve problem in process of all areas. In this paper, the methodology conjointly uses a digital image process Wavelet Shrinkage function to fault identification and diagnosis. In other words, the purpose is to extract the faulty image from the source with the separation and the co-ordinates of the transmission lines. The segmentation objective is the image division its set of parts and objects, which distinguishes it among others in the scene, are the key to have an improved result in identification of faults.The experimental results indicate that the proposed method provides promising results and is advantageous both in terms of PSNR and in visual quality.
Digital image processing is the use of computer algorithms to perform image processing on digital images. As a subcategory or field of digital signal processing, digital image processing has many advantages over analog image processing.
The secondary element image measuring instrument (aka image mapping instrument) is based on the CCD digital image and relies on the powerful software capabilities of computer screen measurement technology and space geometry calculation. After the computer is installed with dedicated control and graphics measurement software, it becomes the measurement brain with the software soul, which is the main body of the whole device.
A small sample of design projects showing a new cultural center, a new fed research lab on university campus, a historic lab modernization, and a compact TND development
Sampling is concerned with the selection of a subset of individuals from within a statistical population to estimate characteristics of the whole population
The Pearl Academy sample design aptitude test will give you an idea about the question patterns. It will help you to become more confident to face the actual exam. The more you revise; it will be easier for you to crack your exam
An Efficient Algorithm for Edge Detection of Corroded SurfaceIJERA Editor
Inspection process in industrial applications plays a vital role as it directly hinders the outages of industry. Thereby the inspection especially in case of corroded surfaces is to be fast, precised and accurate. Visual inspection has been very liable to mistakes because of numerous facts. The automatic inspection systems remove subjective aspects and can provide fast and accurate inspection. Inspection of corroded surfaces is very important concern, thus it is required to detect corroded surfaces. A new algorithm is developed by certain changes in mask and thresholding selection to detect corroded surfaces. The paper is about how we can amend the weak edges of input images and discarding false edges to overcome the problem of traditional techniques in this field. Proposed operator also compared with two commonly used edge detection algorithms which are Canny and Sobel.
An Efficient Algorithm for Edge Detection of Corroded SurfaceIJERA Editor
Inspection process in industrial applications plays a vital role as it directly hinders the outages of industry. Thereby the inspection especially in case of corroded surfaces is to be fast, precised and accurate. Visual inspection has been very liable to mistakes because of numerous facts. The automatic inspection systems remove subjective aspects and can provide fast and accurate inspection. Inspection of corroded surfaces is very important concern, thus it is required to detect corroded surfaces. A new algorithm is developed by certain changes in mask and thresholding selection to detect corroded surfaces. The paper is about how we can amend the weak edges of input images and discarding false edges to overcome the problem of traditional techniques in this field. Proposed operator also compared with two commonly used edge detection algorithms which are Canny and Sobel.
PREPROCESSING ALGORITHM FOR DIGITAL FINGERPRINT IMAGE RECOGNITIONijcsity
Biometrics is one of the most used technologies in the field of security due to its reliability and
performance. It is based on several physical human characteristics but the most used technology is the
fingerprint recognition, and since we must carry out an image processing to be able to exploit the data in
each fingerprint we propose in this article an image preprocessing procedure in order to improve its
quality before extracting the necessary information for the comparison phase
PREPROCESSING ALGORITHM FOR DIGITAL FINGERPRINT IMAGE RECOGNITIONijcsity
Biometrics is one of the most used technologies in the field of security due to its reliability and performance. It is based on several physical human characteristics but the most used technology is the fingerprint recognition, and since we must carry out an image processing to be able to exploit the data in each fingerprint we propose in this article an image preprocessing procedure in order to improve its quality before extracting the necessary information for the comparison phase.
PREPROCESSING ALGORITHM FOR DIGITAL FINGERPRINT IMAGE RECOGNITIONijcsity
Biometrics is one of the most used technologies in the field of security due to its reliability and performance. It is based on several physical human characteristics but the most used technology is the fingerprint recognition, and since we must carry out an image processing to be able to exploit the data in each fingerprint we propose in this article an image preprocessing procedure in order to improve its quality before extracting the necessary information for the comparison phase.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Hardware realization of Stereo camera and associated embedded systemIJERA Editor
Stereo camera has two lenses about the same distance apart as human eyes with a separate image sensor for each
lenses. This allows the camera to simulate human binocular vision, and therefore gives it ability to capture three
dimensional images. It detects depth information of the subject which allows user to capture image that are
instantly rendered in 3D. Stereo cameras are also required in stereo vision, a ranging method which finds its
application in almost every field. Still stereo 3D hasn’t yet become a standard because of technical problems,
including agronomy issues, cost, and lack of hardware and software standards. Due to above reasons, it is
important to achieve the low cost and standard hardware for 3D vision for which a novel architecture of a stereo
camera is required. This paper proposes to provide low cost solution to stereo cameras as cameras can be
designed as per requirement and mainly focuses on the processing of sensor raw image data.
Vhdl implementation for edge detection using log gabor filter for disease det...eSAT Journals
Abstract Edge detection is first and essential step in the field of image processing. Detected edges play a very important role such as image enhancement, object detection, focus area selection and many more. In medical application like tonsillitis, tumor, fracture can be detected in its early stage by detecting edges of disease. There are different and many ways for edge detection, However, the most may be grouped into three categories, first order gradient, second order and optimal edge detection.. Sobel edge detection is gradient based edge detection method used for finding edges of image. Also Sobel edge detection method provide one more advantage that it having better noise sensitivity as compared to other edge detection method. Here new concept Log-Gabor filter is used for best contrast ridges, efficient noise reduction and improved edges of an images. Most image processing tools such LabVIEW are not suited for strong real-time constraints, so to overcome this problem hardware implementation FPGA used. Proposed model for disease detection is design in LabVIEW platform with NI Vision Assistant tool 14.0 . Keywords: Edge Detection, Sobel Operator, Log-Gabor Filter, Labview 14.0.
Mislaid character analysis using 2-dimensional discrete wavelet transform for...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*Frank van Harmelen
Neuro-symbolic (NeSy) AI is on the rise. However, simply machine learning on just any symbolic structure is not sufficient to really harvest the gains of NeSy. These will only be gained when the symbolic structures have an actual semantics. I give an operational definition of semantics as “predictable inference”.
All of this illustrated with link prediction over knowledge graphs, but the argument is general.
Neuro-symbolic is not enough, we need neuro-*semantic*
Design and development of sapling monitoring system
1. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.3, No.5, October 2013
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SAPLING
MONITORING SYSTEM
Ramandeep Kaur1 and Balwinder Singh2
1-2 Acadmic and Consultancy Services Division,
Centre for Development of Advanced Computing(C-DAC), Mohali, India
ABSTRACT
The measurement of a plant growth without interrupting its natural growth is essential since its diameter
and height are related to the development of a tree as well as the water contents. Therefore main objective
of this project is to find the diameter and height of a plant. Hence in this proposed work, an interface
between a C3008 smart camera and a computer has been developed. Main advantage of this camera
module is that it has digital output and digital video port that supplies a continuous 8-16 bit range of data
stream. It is used to capture the image of a plant at different intervals of time. A MATLAB GUI has been
developed for performing Sobel Edge Detection on a plant image to determine its height, maximum and
minimum width. Such programs enable us to automatically measure and record the various parameters of a
plant. The results attained prove that the system is capable of measuring the changes (diameter and height
changes) of plant’s growth accurately.
KEYWORDS
Stem diameter and height, Sobel operator, edge detection.
1. NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PROPOSED PROJECT
Growth of plant is influenced by environmental conditions and topography. There is a need to
measure dynamics of plant to understand how plants respond to variations in water contents and
long term growth conditions. Many studies have found that the variation of the diameter and
height of plant stem has a prominent correlation ship with water status, temperature, light and
humidity.
Measuring the growth of plant using strain gauge does not provide accurate values of plant’s
growth. It required large precision. The output signal is weak and unwanted signal and
interference is also introduced. Thermal effect also arises in strain gauge method. In the
monitoring system using LVDT sensors in order to acquire the stem diameter has also some
severe shortages such as that we need to change sensors of different scale to fit the different range
of diameters. We can only get the increment of the diameter while leaving the real value of the
stem diameter unknown to us. The sensor may restrain the natural growth of the crops.
Our device can not only acquire the real-time diameter of stem but also measure height and its
increment, and also work without interrupting the natural growth of the crop. Output values
accurate and precised. Also there is continuous analog video signal for the uninterrupted
monitoring of plant every time. No storage device is required .
DOI : 10.5121/ijcsea.2013.3504
39
2. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.3, No.5, October 2013
2. INTRODUCTION
Growth of plant is influenced by environmental conditions and topography. There is a need to
measure dynamics of plant to understand how plants respond to variations in water contents and
long term growth conditions. Many studies have found that the variation of the diameter and
height of plant stem has a prominent correlationship with water status, temperature, light and
humidity. Evaluation of these aspects by variation of plant stem is suitable for automatic
monitoring in a long period of time. Thus, due to foresaid factors automatic irrigation approach is
of utmost importance these days.
The objective of this project is to find the diameter and height of a plant. This project consists of
two parts which can be divided into hardware and software. The basic structure consists of
digicam module, controller and PC. The system comes into an action when a user presses the
button, mounted on it for the user interface. In first module, there is camera interfaced to AVR
controller to acquire an image. Main advantage of this camera is that it has digital output. Digital
port that supplies a continuous 8-16 bit wide range data stream. It will capture the image of plant
at different interval of time. Digicam pass the data to the PC through USB. All the functions of
camera contrast, brightness, intensity etc. are programmable through I2C interface. For further
processing of the image, it is fed to the PC. In this module image is detected, edge detection, data
acquisition and storage of data is performed. Motor is used to move the camera on belt to capture
images of different plants.
Figure 1. The block diagram system
3. RELATED WORK
Currently, there are various techniques for measuring stem diameter and height. Several
experiments were conducted to investigate the development and expansion of a plant. The results
of these experiments indicate that the variation of the diameter of plant stem, height, temperature
and humidity has a prominent correlationship with the water status. The conventional monitoring
system used LVDT sensors in order to acquire the stem diameter has some severe shortages such
as that we need to change sensors to different scale to fit the different range of diameters. We can
only get the increment of the diameter while leaving the real value of the stem diameter unknown
to us. N.M Khairi et. al. [1] measures the stem changes using strain gauge. Strain gauges are
sensors that rely on the change in gauge resistance in determining the strain within the gauge
section. Measuring the growth of plant using strain gauge does not provide accurate values of
40
3. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.3, No.5, October 2013
plant’s growth. It required large precision. The output signal is weak and unwanted signal and
interference is also introduced. Thermal effects also arises in strain gauge method. Both of the
above discussed method may also restrain the natural growth of the crops. Jiaxing Che et. al. [2]
developed a model using computer vision and embedded systems. it was based on smart camera,
computer vision technology and embedded DSP processor technology. Ariff et. al. [3] had
measured Stem diameter using a digital caliper, with the readings taken midway on the stem.
Heights of the samples were measured using a measurement tape , from the tip of the shoot to the
ground.
4. THE ALGORITHM USED FOR SAPLING MONITORING
SYSTEM
In digital image, the so-called edge is a collection of the pixels whose gray value has a step and it
also refers to the fraction where the brightness of the image local area changes considerably. The
gray profile in this section can normally be seen as a step. In a small buffer area, a gray value
quickly changes to an additional whose gray value is mainly different with it. Edge broadly exists
between objects and backgrounds and between objects and primitives. Therefore, the general
method of edge detection is to study the changes of a single image pixel in a gray area, use the
dissimilarity of the edge neighboring firstorder or second-order to detect the edge. Edge detection
is primarily the dimension, detection and position of the changes in gray image. Image edge is the
most basic features of the image. When we examine the objects, the transparent part we see firstly
is edge and line. According to the structure of the edge and line, we can know the object
organization. Edge extraction is an significant technique in graphics processing and feature
extraction. First of all, use edge enhancement operator to highlight the local edge of the image.
Then, define the pixel "edge strength" and set the threshold to extract the edge point. However,
because of the noise and the blurring image, the edge detected may not be constant. There are
various edge detection algorithms available. In this proposed work , Sobel Edge Detection
algorithm has been used.
4.1. Sobel edge detection
The Sobel operator performs a 2-D spatial gradient measurement on an image and emphasizes
regions of high spatial gradient that correspond to edges. In general it is used to find the
approximate absolute gradient magnitude at each point in an input greyscale image. Compared to
other edge operator, Sobel has two main advantages:
1. Since the introduction of the average factor,it has some smoothing effect to the random noise
of the image.
2. Because it is the differential of two rows or two columns , so the elements of the edge on both
sides has been enhanced , so that the edge seems thick and bright.
The operator consists of a pair of 3×3 convolution kernels as shown in Figure 2. Single kernel is
simply the other rotated by 90°.
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4. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.3, No.5, October 2013
-1
0
+1
+1
+2
+1
-2
0
+2
0
0
0
-1
0
+3
-1
-2
-1
Figure 2. Masks used by Sobel Operator
These kernels are designed to respond maximally to edges running vertically and horizontally
relative to the pixel grid , single kernel for each of the two perpendicular directions. The kernels
can be applied separately to the given image, to produce separate measurements of the gradient
component in each orientation (call these Gx and Gy). These can then be joint together to find the
absolute magnitude of the gradient at each point and the orientation of that gradient . The gradient
magnitude is given by [4]:
| |
√
Although typically, an approximate magnitude is computed using:
| |
|
|
|
|
which is much faster to compute.
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
A matlab GUI has been developed for performing Sobel Edge Detection on a plant image to
determine its height and width. Figure 3 shows the two different options for the selection of a
plant image. That is either we can manually cropped the image (pressing 2) or select the full
image (pressing 1).
Figure 3. Image selection criteria
Figure 4 shows the selection of plant image with provision of cropping by pressing 2.
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5. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.3, No.5, October 2013
Figure 4. Selection of cropped image
Figure 5 is presenting the plant image with highlighted edges as well as the measured values of
height, maximum and minimum width of a plant in terms of pixels.
Figure 5. Edge detected image
Figure 6 is presenting the full plant image with highlighted edges as well as the measured values
of height and width (minimum and maximum) of a plant in terms of pixels.
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6. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.3, No.5, October 2013
Figure 6. Edge detected for full plant’s image
Table 1. Testing of the plant at different days
Days
Height in pixels
Minimum width in
Maximum width in
pixels
pixels
Day 1
129
9
40
Day 5
134
11
42
Day 12
241
15
46
Day 22
250
20
51
6. CONCLUSION
In this research, growth of a plant is measured using interface between digital camera and a
computer. This interface allows a user to get continuous video of the plants. All the proposed
tasks of the thesis were done. The servo motor is added to the system to get panoramic images. A
MATLAB GUI has been developed for performing sobel edge detection on a plant image to
determine its height and width. Two different types of options for the selection of a plant image
are provided. Either the full image or cropping of the image can be done. The algorithm provides
height and maximum and minimum width of the plant’s stem in terms of pixels.
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7. International Journal of Computer Science, Engineering and Applications (IJCSEA) Vol.3, No.5, October 2013
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Authors Biography
Balwinder Singh has obtained his Bachelor of Technology degree from National
Institute of Technology, Jalandhar and Master ofTechnology degree from University
Centre for Inst. & Microelectronics(UCIM), Punjab University, Chandigah in 2002 and
2004 respectively. He is currently serving as Senior Engineer ACS division in Centre
for Development ofAdvanced Computing (CDAC), Mohali and is a part of the
teachingfaculty and also pursuing Phd from GNDU Amritsar. He has 8+ years of
teaching experience to both undergraduate and postgraduate students. He has published
three books and many papers in the International & National Journal and Conferences. His current interest
includes Genetic algorithms, Low Power techniques, VLSI Design & Testing, and System on Chip.
Ramandeep Kaur has done her bachelor of technology degree in Electronics and
Communication Engineering with first division from Punjab Technical University
Jalandhar in year 2010 and currently pursuing her Master of Technology degree in
Embedded System from CDAC, Mohali. Her areas of interests are microcontrollers,
Analog and Digital electronics and communications.
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