This paper describes a methodology that aims to find and diagnosing faults in transmission lines exploitation image process technique. The image processing techniques have been widely used to solve problem in process of all areas. In this paper, the methodology conjointly uses a digital image process Wavelet Shrinkage function to fault identification and diagnosis. In other words, the purpose is to extract the faulty image from the source with the separation and the co-ordinates of the transmission lines. The segmentation objective is the image division its set of parts and objects, which distinguishes it among others in the scene, are the key to have an improved result in identification of faults.The experimental results indicate that the proposed method provides promising results and is advantageous both in terms of PSNR and in visual quality.
MULTI WAVELET BASED IMAGE COMPRESSION FOR TELE MEDICAL APPLICATIONprj_publication
Analysis and compression of medical image is an important area of biomedical
engineering. Analysis of medical image and data compression are rapidly evolving field with
growing applications in the teleradiology, Bio-medical, tele-medicine and medical data
analysis. Wavelet based techniques are latest development in the field of medical image
compression. The ROI must be compressed by a Lossless or a near lossless compression
algorithm. Wavelet based techniques are most recent growth in the area of medical image
compression.
Wavelet multi-resolution decomposition of images has shown its efficiency in many
image processing areas and specifically in compression. Transformed coefficients are
obtained by expanding a signal on a wavelet basis. The transformed signal is a different
representation of the same underlying data. Such representation is efficient if a relevant part
of the original information is found in a relative small number of coefficients. In this sense,
wavelets are near optimal bases for a wide class of signals with some smoothness, which is
the reason for compression.
Keywords: Image compression, Integer Multiwavelet Transform.
1. INTRODUCTION
Image Compression is used to reduce the number of bits required to represent an
image or a video sequence. A Compression algorithm takes an input X and generates
compressed information that requires fewer bits. The Decompression algorithm reconstructs
the compressed information and gives the original.
A compression of medical image is an important area of biomedical and telemedici
Medical Image Fusion Using Discrete Wavelet TransformIJERA Editor
Medical image fusion is the process of registering and combining multiple images from single or multiple imaging modalities to improve the imaging quality and reduce randomness and redundancy in order to increase the clinical applicability of medical images for diagnosis and assessment of medical problems. Multimodal medical image fusion algorithms and devices have shown notable achievements in improving clinical accuracy of decisions based on medical images. The domain where image fusion is readily used nowadays is in medical diagnostics to fuse medical images such as CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and MRA. This paper aims to present a new algorithm to improve the quality of multimodality medical image fusion using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) approach. Discrete Wavelet transform has been implemented using different fusion techniques including pixel averaging, maximum minimum and minimum maximum methods for medical image fusion. Performance of fusion is calculated on the basis of PSNR, MSE and the total processing time and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of fusion scheme based on wavelet transform.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Utilization of Super Pixel Based Microarray Image Segmentationijtsrd
In the division of PC vision pictures, Super pixels are go probably as key part from 10 years prior. There are various counts and methodology to separate the Super pixels anyway whole all of them the best super pixel looking at strategy is Simple Linear Iterative Clustering SLIC have come to pivot continuously recently. The concentrating of small scale group quality verbalization from MRI imaging is more useful to perceive tumors or some other dangerous development contaminations, so the fundamental DNA cDNA microarray is a grounded device for analyzing the same. The division of microarray pictures is the essential development in a microarray assessment. In this paper, we proposed a figuring to dividing the cDNA small show picture using Simple Linear Iterative Clustering SLIC based Self Organizing Maps SOM method. In any case, the proposed figuring is taken up a moving task to look at the bad quality of pictures in addition. There are two phases to separate the image, introductory, a pre setting up the applied picture to diminish fuss levels and second, to piece the image using SLIC based SOM approach. Mr. Davu Manikanta | Mr. Parasurama N | K Keerthi "Utilization of Super Pixel Based Microarray Image Segmentation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46274.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/46274/utilization-of-super-pixel-based-microarray-image-segmentation/mr-davu-manikanta
MULTI WAVELET BASED IMAGE COMPRESSION FOR TELE MEDICAL APPLICATIONprj_publication
Analysis and compression of medical image is an important area of biomedical
engineering. Analysis of medical image and data compression are rapidly evolving field with
growing applications in the teleradiology, Bio-medical, tele-medicine and medical data
analysis. Wavelet based techniques are latest development in the field of medical image
compression. The ROI must be compressed by a Lossless or a near lossless compression
algorithm. Wavelet based techniques are most recent growth in the area of medical image
compression.
Wavelet multi-resolution decomposition of images has shown its efficiency in many
image processing areas and specifically in compression. Transformed coefficients are
obtained by expanding a signal on a wavelet basis. The transformed signal is a different
representation of the same underlying data. Such representation is efficient if a relevant part
of the original information is found in a relative small number of coefficients. In this sense,
wavelets are near optimal bases for a wide class of signals with some smoothness, which is
the reason for compression.
Keywords: Image compression, Integer Multiwavelet Transform.
1. INTRODUCTION
Image Compression is used to reduce the number of bits required to represent an
image or a video sequence. A Compression algorithm takes an input X and generates
compressed information that requires fewer bits. The Decompression algorithm reconstructs
the compressed information and gives the original.
A compression of medical image is an important area of biomedical and telemedici
Medical Image Fusion Using Discrete Wavelet TransformIJERA Editor
Medical image fusion is the process of registering and combining multiple images from single or multiple imaging modalities to improve the imaging quality and reduce randomness and redundancy in order to increase the clinical applicability of medical images for diagnosis and assessment of medical problems. Multimodal medical image fusion algorithms and devices have shown notable achievements in improving clinical accuracy of decisions based on medical images. The domain where image fusion is readily used nowadays is in medical diagnostics to fuse medical images such as CT (Computed Tomography), MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and MRA. This paper aims to present a new algorithm to improve the quality of multimodality medical image fusion using Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) approach. Discrete Wavelet transform has been implemented using different fusion techniques including pixel averaging, maximum minimum and minimum maximum methods for medical image fusion. Performance of fusion is calculated on the basis of PSNR, MSE and the total processing time and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of fusion scheme based on wavelet transform.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Utilization of Super Pixel Based Microarray Image Segmentationijtsrd
In the division of PC vision pictures, Super pixels are go probably as key part from 10 years prior. There are various counts and methodology to separate the Super pixels anyway whole all of them the best super pixel looking at strategy is Simple Linear Iterative Clustering SLIC have come to pivot continuously recently. The concentrating of small scale group quality verbalization from MRI imaging is more useful to perceive tumors or some other dangerous development contaminations, so the fundamental DNA cDNA microarray is a grounded device for analyzing the same. The division of microarray pictures is the essential development in a microarray assessment. In this paper, we proposed a figuring to dividing the cDNA small show picture using Simple Linear Iterative Clustering SLIC based Self Organizing Maps SOM method. In any case, the proposed figuring is taken up a moving task to look at the bad quality of pictures in addition. There are two phases to separate the image, introductory, a pre setting up the applied picture to diminish fuss levels and second, to piece the image using SLIC based SOM approach. Mr. Davu Manikanta | Mr. Parasurama N | K Keerthi "Utilization of Super Pixel Based Microarray Image Segmentation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46274.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/46274/utilization-of-super-pixel-based-microarray-image-segmentation/mr-davu-manikanta
Adaptive K-Means Clustering Algorithm for MR Breast Image Segmentation
3D Brain Tumor Segmentation Scheme using K-mean Clustering and Connected Component Labeling Algorithms
Volume Identification and Estimation of MRI Brain Tumor
MRI Breast cancer diagnosis hybrid approach using adaptive Ant-based segmentation and Multilayer Perceptron NN classifier
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Basic Medical Imaging Processing and AnalysisKyla De Chavez
Deals with the development of problem specific approaches to enhance the raw medical data for the purpose of selective visualization as well as further analysis.
2-Dimensional Wavelet pre-processing to extract IC-Pin information for disarr...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Due to higher processing power to cost ratio, it is now possible to replace the manual detection methods used in the IC (Integrated Circuit) industry by Image-processing based automated methods, to detect a broken pin of an IC connected on a PCB during manufacturing, which will make the process faster, easier and cheaper. In this paper an accurate and fast automatic detection method is used where the top view camera shots of PCBs are processed using advanced methods of 2-dimensional discrete wavelet pre-processing before applying edge-detection. Comparison with conventional edge detection methods such as Sobel, Prewitt and Canny edge detection without 2-D DWT is also performed. Keywords :2-dimensional wavelets, Edge detection, Machine vision, Image processing, Canny.
Biomedical Image Processing
Topics covered: Biomedical imaging, Need of image processing in medicine, Principles of image processing, Components of image processing, Application of image processing in different medical imaging systems
Adaptive K-Means Clustering Algorithm for MR Breast Image Segmentation
3D Brain Tumor Segmentation Scheme using K-mean Clustering and Connected Component Labeling Algorithms
Volume Identification and Estimation of MRI Brain Tumor
MRI Breast cancer diagnosis hybrid approach using adaptive Ant-based segmentation and Multilayer Perceptron NN classifier
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Basic Medical Imaging Processing and AnalysisKyla De Chavez
Deals with the development of problem specific approaches to enhance the raw medical data for the purpose of selective visualization as well as further analysis.
2-Dimensional Wavelet pre-processing to extract IC-Pin information for disarr...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Due to higher processing power to cost ratio, it is now possible to replace the manual detection methods used in the IC (Integrated Circuit) industry by Image-processing based automated methods, to detect a broken pin of an IC connected on a PCB during manufacturing, which will make the process faster, easier and cheaper. In this paper an accurate and fast automatic detection method is used where the top view camera shots of PCBs are processed using advanced methods of 2-dimensional discrete wavelet pre-processing before applying edge-detection. Comparison with conventional edge detection methods such as Sobel, Prewitt and Canny edge detection without 2-D DWT is also performed. Keywords :2-dimensional wavelets, Edge detection, Machine vision, Image processing, Canny.
Biomedical Image Processing
Topics covered: Biomedical imaging, Need of image processing in medicine, Principles of image processing, Components of image processing, Application of image processing in different medical imaging systems
Supervised Blood Vessel Segmentation in Retinal Images Using Gray level and M...IJTET Journal
The segmentation of membranel blood vessels within the retina may be a essential step in designation of diabetic retinopathy during this paper, gift a replacement methodology for mechanically segmenting blood vessels in retinal pictures. 2 techniques for segmenting retinal blood vessels, supported totally different image process techniques, square measure represented and their strengths and weaknesses square measure compared. This methodology uses a neural network (NN) theme for element classification and gray-level and moment invariants-based options for element illustration. The performance of every algorithmic program was tested on the STARE and DRIVE dataset. wide used for this purpose, since they contain retinal pictures and also the
vascular structures. Performance on each sets of check pictures is healthier than different existing pictures. The methodology
proves particularly correct for vessel detection in STARE pictures. This effectiveness and lustiness with totally different image conditions, is employed for simplicity and quick implementation. This methodology used for early detection of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR)
Mislaid character analysis using 2-dimensional discrete wavelet transform for...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Improving image resolution through the cra algorithm involved recycling proce...csandit
Image processing concepts are widely used in medical fields. Digital images are prone to a
variety of types of noise. Noise is the result of errors in the image acquisition process for
reconstruction that result in pixel values that reflect the true intensities of the real scenes. A lot
of researchers are working on the field analysis and processing of multi-dimensional images.
Work previously hasn’t sufficient to stop them, so they continue performance work is due by the
researcher. In this paper we contribute a novel research work for analysis and performance
improvement about to image resolution. We proposed Concede Reconstruction Algorithm (CRA)
Involved Recycling Process to reduce the remained problem in improvement part of an image
processing. The CRA algorithms have better response from researcher to use them
IMPROVING IMAGE RESOLUTION THROUGH THE CRA ALGORITHM INVOLVED RECYCLING PROCE...cscpconf
Image processing concepts are widely used in medical fields. Digital images are prone to a variety of types of noise. Noise is the result of errors in the image acquisition process for
reconstruction that result in pixel values that reflect the true intensities of the real scenes. A lot of researchers are working on the field analysis and processing of multi-dimensional images. Work previously hasn’t sufficient to stop them, so they continue performance work is due by the researcher. In this paper we contribute a novel research work for analysis and performance improvement about to image resolution. We proposed Concede Reconstruction Algorithm (CRA)
Involved Recycling Process to reduce the remained problem in improvement part of an image processing. The CRA algorithms have better response from researcher to use them.
IMAGE TYPE WATER METER CHARACTER RECOGNITION BASED ON EMBEDDED DSP cscpconf
In the paper, we combined DSP processor with image processing algorithm and studied the method of water meter character recognition. We collected water meter image through camera at a fixed angle, and the projection method is used to recognize those digital images. The experiment results show that the method can recognize the meter characters accurately and artificial meter reading is replaced by automatic digital recognition, which improves working efficiency.
Image type water meter character recognition based on embedded dspcsandit
In the paper, we combined DSP processor with image processing algorithm and studied the
method of water meter character recognition. We collected water meter image through camera
at a fixed angle, and the projection method is used to recognize those digital images. The
experiment results show that the method can recognize the meter characters accurately and
artificial meter reading is replaced by automatic digital recognition, which improves working
efficiency.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A survey on Energy Efficient ProtocolsLEACH, Fuzzy-based approach and Neural ...IJEEE
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) plays a very important role in transmitting the data from source to destination but energy consumption is one of the major challenges in these networks. WSN consists of hundreds to thousands of nodes which consume energy while transmitting the information and with a span of time whole energy get consumed and network life time gets reduced. Clustering and Cluster head (CH) selection are important parameters used to enhance the lifetime of the WSN. Clustering use two methods: rotating CH periodically in every round to distribute the energy consumption among nodes and the node with more residual energy becomes CH.This research paper is focused on the performance of the techniques used to enhance the energy efficiency in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Low- Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), Fuzzy- Based and Neural Network are some of the important techniques used. MATLAB simulation tool is considered in this paper.
Implementation of Back-Propagation Neural Network using Scilab and its Conver...IJEEE
Artificial neural network has been widely used for solving non-linear complex tasks. With the development of computer technology, machine learning techniques are becoming good choice. The selection of the machine learning technique depends upon the viability for particular application. Most of the non-linear problems have been solved using back propagation based neural network. The training time of neural network is directly affected by convergence speed. Several efforts are done to improve the convergence speed of back propagation algorithm. This paper focuses on the implementation of back-propagation algorithm and an effort to improve its convergence speed. The algorithm is written in SCILAB. UCI standard data set is used for analysis purposes. Proposed modification in standard backpropagation algorithm provides substantial improvement in the convergence speed.
Automated Air Cooled Three Level Inverter system using ArduinoIJEEE
The output voltage of a three level inverter is stepped voltage in which the output voltage have three possible values. Such systems can be used to interface renewable energy sources with the grid. Temperature has significant effect on performance of power MOSFETs. Typically, the MOSFETs used as power switches in such applications are a significant source of heat, and the heat energy dissipated by these components must be carefully controlled if operating temperatures are to be maintained. So for the system to work efficiently cooling of MOSFETs is required. This paper proposed an automated air cooled 3 level H-bridge inverter. The system consists of MOSFETs, LM 35 temperature sensor, Optocouplers for isolation. Arduino is used to control the on-off operation of fan. When temperature rises above certain level fan turns on to cool the MOSFETs.
In this work, a Split Ring Resonator (SRR) unit cell is simulated in a waveguide with electromagnetic field solver High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS). Analytical calculations of the inductance and capacitance have been also carried out to obtain the resonant frequencies for SRR dimensions. A comparison between calculated and simulated resonance frequencies)) is done. A good correlation between simulated and measured resonance frequencies is achieved.
In this paper, we provide the average bit error probabilities of MQAM and MPSK in the presence of log normal shadowing using Maximal Ratio Combining technique for L diversity branches. We have derived probability of density function (PDF) of received signal to noise ratio (SNR) for L diversity branches in Log Normal fadingfor Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC). We have used Fenton-Wilkinson method to estimate the parameters for a single log-normal distribution that approximates the sum of log-normal random variables (RVs). The results that we provide in this paper are an important tool for measuring the performance ofcommunication links in a log-normal shadowing.
An Approach to Speech and Iris based Multimodal Biometric SystemIJEEE
Biometrics is the science and technology of human identification and verification through the use of feature set extracted from the biological data of the individual to be recognized. Unimodal and Multimodal systems are the two modal systems which have been developed so far. Unimodal biometric systems use a single biometric trait but they face limitations in the system performance due to the presence of noise in data, interclass variations and spoof attacks. These problems can be resolved by using multimodal biometrics which rely on more than one biometric information to produce better recognition results. This paper presents an overview of the multimodal biometrics, various fusion levels used in them and suggests the use of iris and speech using score level fusion for a multimodal biometric system.
An Overview of EDFA Gain Flattening by Using Hybrid AmplifierIJEEE
Data communication systems are increasingly engrossing optical fiber communication system as the transmission paths for the information, the information is in the form of light pulses sending from one place to another through the optical fiber. Several types of optical amplifiers have been developed in optical fiber communication system to amplify the optical signals. The erbium doped fiber amplifier is one of the optical fiber amplifiers which are used for long distance communication. The most significant points in any optical amplifier design are gain and noise figure. They are connected to one another. The other optical amplifier, Raman amplifier has wide gain bandwidth. The EDFA gain spectrum has variations over 1536 to 1552 nm, therefore the gain flattening is a research issue in recent years with the development of high capacity DWDM. The gain variation becomes a problem as the number of channels increases. The gain of EDFA depends on large number of device parameters such as, Erbium ion concentration, amplifier length, core radius, pump power. Raman amplifiers can be combined with EDFAs to expand the optical gain flattened bandwidth. This paper focuses on different methods used for the gain flattening.
Design and Implementation of FPGA Based Low Power Pipelined 64 Bit Risc Proce...IJEEE
This paper presents an efficient design and implementation of a 64 bit RISC Processor for Data Logging System. RISC is a design mechanism to reduce the amount of space, time, cost, power and heat etc. reduces the complexity of instruction. The processor is designed for both fixed and floating point number arithmetic calculation. A Data Logger is an electronic instrument that records environmental parameters such as temperature, Humidity, Wind Speed light intensity, water level and water quality. Data Loggers find its key application where automation and control is required. The necessary code written in the hardware description language Verilog HDL.
Design of Image Segmentation Algorithm for Autonomous Vehicle Navigationusing...IJEEE
In the past few years Autonomous vehicles have gained importance due to its widespread applications in the field of civilian and military applications. On-board camera on autonomous vehicles captures the images which need to be processed in real time using the image segmentation algorithm. On board processing of video(frames)in real time is a big challenging task as it involves extracting the information and performing the required operations for navigation.This paper proposes an approach for vision based autonomous vehicle navigation in indoor environment using the designed image segmentation algorithm. The vision based navigation is applied to autonomous vehicle and it is implemented using the Raspberry Pi camera module on Raspberry Pi Model-B+ with the designed image segmentation algorithm. The image segmentation algorithm has been built using smoothing,thresholding, morpho- logical operations, and edge detection. The reference images of directions in the path are detected by the vehicle and accordingly it moves in right or left directions or stops at destination. The vehicle finds the path from source to destination using reference directions. It first captures the video,segments the video(frame by frame), finds the edges in the segmented frame and moves accordingly. The Raspberry Pi also transmits the capture video and segmented results using the Wi-Fi to the remote system for monitoring. The autonomous vehicle is also capable of finding obstacle in its path and the detection is done using the ultrasonic sensors.
Performance Analysis of GSM Network for Different Types of Antennas IJEEE
Today, in metro cities BTSs are increasing day by day and interference is also increasing. This paper shows the received power of the cell depends on a number of factors. Antenna gain and antenna type are one of the important parameters for this. This paper reveals the effect of signal received power by changing the antenna gain and antenna type.The antenna used is omnidirectional and switched beam and gain varies from 5 to 15 dB.The GSM network is simulated for 6 users in Qualnet software.
On the Performance Analysis of Composite Multipath/Shadowing (Weibull-Log Nor...IJEEE
Composite multipath/shadowing fading environments are frequently encountered in different mobile realistic scenarios. These channels are generally modeled differentComposite multipath/shadowing fading. In this paper wepresent the performance analysis of composite (Weibull-Lognormal shadowed) fading. We adopt efficient toolproposed by Holtzman to approximate composite (Weibull-Lognormal shadowed) fading. The performance measures offading communication systems such as Probability densityfunction (PDF) of Signal to Noise ratio (SNR), Amount offading (AF), Outage probability (Pout) and ChannelCapacity(C/B) will be calculated. Graphical results will bepresented for different signals and fading parameters. Thedifferent expressions that will be provided are of greatimportance in assessing the performance of communicationsystems in composite channels.
Design Analysis of Delay Register with PTL Logic using 90 nm TechnologyIJEEE
This paper presents low area and power efficient delay register using CMOS transistors. The proposed register has reduced area than the conventional register. This resistor design consists of 6 NMOS and 6 PMOS. The proposed delay register has been designed in logic editor and simulated using 90nm technology. Also the layout simulation and parametric analysis has been done to find out the results. In this paper register has been designed using full automatic layout design and semicustom layout design. Then the performance of these different designs has been analyzed and compared in terms of power, delay and area. The simulation result shows that circuit design of delay register using PTL techniques improved by power 0.05% and 61.8% area.
Carbon Nanotubes Based Sensor for Detection of Traces of Gas Molecules- A ReviewIJEEE
In this review paper, we discuss various gas sensors based on technique and sensing materials used in there fabrication. Various sensors are designed making use of salient features of carbon nanotubes and its electrical, mechanical, and electromechanical properties. Effect of using nano-composites on sensitivity and selectivity of gas sensor have been studied.
Routing Protocols in Zigbee Based networks: A SurveyIJEEE
ZigBee is the new standard developed wireless personal area network (WPAN) based on IEEE 802.15.4 for low cost, low data rate and low power consumption wireless network. In present times, zigbee has become a hot topic for research and development all over the world. This paper briefly describes various ZigBee network topologies including star, cluster tree and mesh topology and further introduces different ZigBee routing protocols such as AODV, AODVjr, Hierarchical, Integrated and Enhanced hierarchical routing protocol (EHRP).
A Survey of Routing Protocols for Structural Health MonitoringIJEEE
Wireless sensor networks have emerged in recent years as a promising technology that can impact the field of structural monitoring and infrastructure asset management. Various routing protocols are used to define communication among sensor nodes of the wireless sensor network for purpose of disseminating information. These routing protocols can be designed to improve the network performance in terms of energy consumption, delay and security issues. This paper discusses the requirements of routing protocol for Structural health monitoring and presents summary of various routing protocols used for WSNs for Structural health monitoring.
Layout Design Analysis of SR Flip Flop using CMOS TechnologyIJEEE
This paper presents an area, delay and power efficient design of SR flip flop. As the chip manufacturing technology is on the threshold of evaluation, which shrinks a chip in size and enhances its performance, here the flip flop is implemented in a layout level which develops an optimized design using recent CMOS layout tools. The proposed SR flip flop has been designed and simulated using 45nm technology. After that, parametric analysis has been done. In this paper, flip flop has been developed using full automatic design flow and semi-custom design flow. The performance of SR flip flop layouts using different design flows has been analyzed and compared in terms of area, delay and power consumption. The simulation results show that the design of SR flip flop using semi-custom design flow improved the area occupied by 46.9% and power consumption is reduced by 38.4%.
Codec Scheme for Power Optimization in VLSI InterconnectsIJEEE
This paper presents a codec scheme for optimizing power in VLSI Interconnects. It is based on the traditional bus encoding method which is considered to be one of the most effective ways of power and delay reduction. The work done aims at optimizing power by designing the scheme using Full-Custom design approach. The model has been designed and implemented using Cadence Virtuoso Analog Design Suite in 0.18µm CMOS technology. Power has been computed for different possible combinations of input data. Delay has been reckoned for the maximum power consuming input combination. Layout editor has been used to generate the physical description of the circuit. The 4 bit input data combination consuming maximum dynamic power of 6.44µW and propagation delay of 722.7ps is “1000” with previously transmitted 4 bit data being “0111”. A significant power reduction of 38.89% has been observed by designing the scheme using Full-Custom approach as compared to the conventional Semi-Custom approach of design.
Design of Planar Inverted F-Antenna for Multiband Applications IJEEE
Planar Inverted F- Antenna (PIFA) is widely used in handheld devices because of its various advantages like compact size, good bandwidth and moderate radiation patterns. In this paper, a design of Planar Inverted F- Antenna(PIFA) is proposed that resonates at the frequency of 2.5 GHz with a bandwidth of 300MHz. The relative permittivity of the substrate used is 2.2. The antenna is fed by coaxial feed. Also, gain, VSWR and radiation pattern of the antenna are studied.
Layout Design Analysis of CMOS Comparator using 180nm TechnologyIJEEE
Comparator is a very useful and basic arithmetic component of digital system. In the world of technology the demand of portable devices are increasing day by day. This paper presents CMOS design of 1-bit comparator on 180nm technology. The layout of 1-bit comparator has been developed using Automatic and semi-custom techniques. Both the layouts are compared and analyzed in terms of their Power and Area consumption. Automatic layout is generated from its equivalent schematic whereas semi-custom layout is developed manually. The result shows that semi-custom consumes less power as compared to Automatic.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
A Flexible Scheme for Transmission Line Fault Identification Using Image Processing For a Secured Smart Network
1. Int. Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engg. Vol. 2, Spl. Issue 1 (2015) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
74 NITTTR, Chandigarh EDIT-2015
A Flexible Scheme for Transmission Line Fault
Identification Using Image Processing For a
Secured Smart Network
1
D.Vijayakumar,2
V.Malathi
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, LathaMathavan Engineering College,
Madurai, India, 2
Professor ,Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Anna University Regional Office,
Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
1
vkkumarin@gmail.com, 2
vmeee@autmdu.ac.in
Abstract:-This paper describes a methodology that aims to
find and diagnosing faults in transmission lines exploitation
image process technique. The image processing techniques
have been widely used to solve problem in process of all
areas. In this paper, the methodology conjointly uses a
digital image process Wavelet Shrinkage function to fault
identification and diagnosis. In other words, the purpose is
to extract the faulty image from the source with the
separation and the co-ordinates of the transmission lines.
The segmentation objective is the image division its set of
parts and objects, which distinguishes it among others in the
scene, are the key to have an improved result in
identification of faults.The experimental results indicate that
the proposed method provides promising results and is
advantageous both in terms of PSNR and in visual quality.
Index Terms—Image processing, Fault detection ,Fault
diagnosis, Transmission line.
I. INTRODUCTION
Image is an important way of access to information for
people. But noises largely reduce the perceptual quality of
images and may result in fatal errors. Image denoising has
been a fundamental problem in image processing. The
wavelet transform is one of the popular tools in image
denoising due to its promising properties for singularity
analysis and efficient computational complexity. The
noise is occurred in images during the acquisition process,
since the intrinsic and thermal fluctuations of acquisition
devices. The other reason is only low count photon
unruffled by the sensors while comparing others, the
signal dependent noise is imperative. It should be unease.
Image processing takes part in medical field of the
essence. During the disease diagnosis, the consequences
of many types of equipment in the medical field are in
digital format. There are many prehistoric methods are
used for denoisingwhich have its own annoyances. The
fundamental undertaking in every sort of picture
transforming is
discovering an effective picture representation that
portrays the noteworthy picture emphasizes in a
minimized structure. The main step in order to achieve
fault detection and diagnosis is to select a set of inputs
whose information is capable to allow the fault
identification. This paper uses digital image processing
techniques to extract some variables from the tested
image. Once all data is collected, it´s necessary to apply
digital image processing techniques. These variables are
used by the diagnosis tool developed. This strategy is
known as bagging and is applied here to improve the
power of generalization of the fault detection system . A
heuristic is used to determine the optimal number of
neurofuzzy networks in the thermovisiondiagnosis.H.m,
and MBiswas,[1] stated a generalized picture denoising
strategy utilizing neighboring wavelet coef.in
Signal,Image and Video Processing techniques. The
image processing techniques have been widely used to
solve problems in process of all areas [2, 3]. Digital
Image Processing consists of a set of techniques used to
make transformations in one or more images with the
objective to enhance the visual information or scenes
analysis to get an automatic perception or recognition
from machines [4].Many methods related to image
transmission using filtering techniques of multimedia
applications over wireless sensor network have been
proposed by researchers. Pinar SarisarayBoluk et al. [5]
presented two techniques for robust image transmission
over wireless sensor networks. The first technique uses
watermarking whereas the second technique is based on
the Reed Solomon (RS) coding which considers the
distortion rate on the image while transmission for
wireless sensor networks. Renu Singh et al. [6] proposed
wavelet based image compression using BPNN and
Lifting based variant wherein optimized compression
percentage is arrived using these two adaptive techniques.
Pinar SarisarayBoluk, studied image quality distortions
occurred due to packet losses using two scenarios,
considering watermarked and raw images to improve the
Peak-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (PSNR) rate. In digitalimage
processing Zhang Xiao-hong and Liu Gang [7] proposed
SPIHT method to reduce the distortion in images. In [8]
the authors Wenbing Fan and Jing Chen, Jina Zhen
proposed an improved SPIHT algorithm to gain high
compression ratio.K. Vishwanath et al. [9] presented
image filtering techniques on larger DCT block which
speed ups the operation by eliminating certain
elements.James R. Carr [10] applied spatial filter theory
to kriging for remotely sensed digital images. The method
proposed improved image clarity.Buades et al[11] states
the Neighborhood filters used for image process and
PDE’s. Yu,H.[12] et al mentioned the Image denoising
using shrinkage of filter in the wavelet process and joint
consensual filter in the dimensional Area.
2. Int. Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engg. Vol. 2, Spl. Issue 1 (2015) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
75 NITTTR, Chandigarh EDIT-2015
II. IMAGE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES
The Digital Image Processing may be divided in the
following steps:
Image acquisition
Image segmentation.
Image matching using edge detection
NeighShrinkSURETransformation Method.
1. Image acquisition
A tested image is used for the process of fault
analysis and diagnosis, for image acquisition. The
parameters of the image are shown in table.
Spatial Resolution(IFOV)
1.3 mrad
Digital Image Enhancement
Normal and enhanced
Detector Type
Focal plane array
(FPA)Uncooled
microbolometer
Spectral range
7.5 to 13 µm
Focus
Automatic or Manual
Electronic zoom function
2,4,8 interpolating
Thermal sensitivity@50/60Hz
0.08 c at 30 c
Table.1. Imaging Performance
Fig.1.Process of Identification of faults
2.Wireless network
A WSN (wireless sensor network) is a wireless
network which consists of sensors. Sensors are used to
monitor physical and environmental conditions. The
development of such networks was originally motivated
by surveillance. The wireless sensor networks are for
electrical systems monitoring.The image will be
transmitted from the transmitting end to the receiving end
terminal for the analysis of the image.
3. Segmentation
Segmentation is the most complex step of image
processing system based and it can be made by many
ways, depending on the problemcharacteristic and the
purposes to be reached.The segmentation objective is the
image division its set of parts and objects. It’s necessary
to use the whole information available related to the
problem in order to have a successful segmentation. If the
objective is the segmentation of a specific object, its most
meant characteristics, which distinguishes it among others
in the scene, are the key to have a good result.The
segmentation objective is the image division its set of
parts and objects. It’s necessary to use the whole
information that voltage, current, temperature of the
symmetrical transmission line is given to the input
parameter is set in the image for transmission. It’s evident
that the acquired image fits the image center to identify it
after the acquisition. The most common tools used at the
segmentation are: Point or Line detection, Edge detection,
Gradient operators, Laplacian, Houghlight Simple or
Aptive Threshold, Region Growing and Watershed
Transformation. This paper uses gradient operator for
achieving better edge preservation. After segmentation
the gradient operator is used for achieving better edge
preservation.
4. Image Edge detection
The obtained image will be processed and
compares the image with the input values. Among the key
features of an image i.e. edges, lines, and points, that edge
can be detected from the abrupt change in the gray level.
An edge is the border between two different regions. Edge
identification strategies spot the pixels in the picture that
compare to the edges of the articles seen in the picture.
The result is a binary image with the detected edge pixels.
Common algorithms used are Sobel, Canny, Prewitt and
Laplacian operators of MATLAB. The gradient is
calculated and the table shows the compared values of the
output image. Here the gradient based Edge Detection
that detects the sides by probing for the most and
minimum within the differential of the
image.Theimagefunctions can be identified and it is
compared with various PSNR values as shown in the
table.
5. Image Denoising
Despite being more suitable to low bit rate
environments, such as mobile and wireless channels
As a result, it is desirable to remove the noise if possible.
It shows that if any fault occurs during the transmission
line the voltage, current and temperature level will get as
faulty values. And the faulty images will get retrieved to
the original values by thresholding the values. The
principle behind this is that when noise occurs as fault
during transmission it will be notified the other node .The
retrieving of the fault can be done by Wavelet Shrinkage
function.
6. Edge Reconstruction for Images
The image will be reconstructed by using the
image masking and diagnosis method to retrieve the input
values. The input voltage, current and temperature change
in values can be monitored by this image processing
techniques. The wavelet-based image compression is
advantageous over the earlier block-based compression
techniques. Distortion around these edges is perceptually
objectionable and cannot be easily avoided if images are
required to betransmitted at low bit rates. This type of
edge distortion is easily seen in the tested images.
7. Wavelet Shrinkage function
NeighshrinkSURE transformation is one of the
methods in wavelet shrinkage function which is used to
diagnosis the faults in transmission line. This wavelet
thresholding work is reason astute and relies on upon the
coefficients of same area inside the diverse channels, still
as on their oldsters inside the coarser wavelet subband. A
non-excess, orthonormal, wavelet change is beginning
connected to the blunder data ,took after by the (subband-
subordinate) vector-esteemed thresholding of individual
Input Image with
electrical parameters
Fault
Image
Image
segmentation
ImageD
etection
Original
Image
Recovery
3. Int. Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engg. Vol. 2, Spl. Issue 1 (2015) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
NITTTR, Chandigarh EDIT -2015 76
multichannel wavelet coefficient that square measure at
long last conveyed back to the picture area by converse
wavelet change. The NeighShrink are efficient image
denoising algorithms that are based on universal threshold
and discrete wavelet transform. In order to determine the
NeighShrink, the optimal threshold and neighbouring
window size are calculated as,
(λs
,Ls
)=argλ,Lmin SURE(ws,λ,L)………..(1)
where λ is optimal threshold, L is neighboring window
size , s is subbandandsure
(ws,λ,L)= Ns + Σ ||gn(wn)||2
2 + 2 Σ …...(2)
In equation it is an unbiased estimate of the risk
on subband s and L is an odd number and greater
than1,forexample,3,5,7,9,etc.Ns noisy wavelet coefficients
from subband s,
=
: , ∈
,
into the 1-D vector
= : = 1, …
gn(wn=
−
−
( < )
( ℎ )
…….…(3)
In the equation (3) gn(wn) is thenth
Wavelet coefficient.
Input
Image
Fault
Value
level
PSNR
Value
using
Neighsh
rink
MSE
value
ELAPSED
TIME
1 48.5480 0.9084 10.916196
5 36.9973 12.9822 11.701278
10 32.8917 33.4125 10.960715
20 29.3423
75.6567
11.884871
1 48.5480 0.9084 12.634479
5 36.9973 12.9822
11.751183
10 32.8917 33.4125 10.833803
20 29.3423 75.6567 10.144114
1 48.3809 0.9440 16.546169
5 36.6428 14.0864 16.360380
10 32.6126 35.6301 15.879918
20 29.0225 81.4386 17.639207
Table.2.calculation of PSNR value with elapsed time
III. SIMULATION RESULTS
In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed
method, the experiment is performed on a representative
set of standard 8 bit gray scale CVG-UGRdatabase, such
as House, Lena, Barbara, Pepper, Boat each of size
512x512,256x256 corrupted by simulated additive white
Gaussian noise with a standard deviation equal
to10,15,20. Several methods were used to filter the noisy
image. The paper evaluated the performance of proposed
method using the quality measure PSNR which is
calculated as follows.
PSNR = 10log ………… (4)
Here the performance of proposed method is compared
with different denoising scheme. Mean Square Error
(MSE), which requires two m x n grey-scale, images iand
k. Where one of the images is considered as a noisy
approximation of the other and it is defined as: The MSE
is defined as:
MSE = ∑ ∑ ‖I(i, j) − k(i, j)‖ …(5)
The comparison of PSNR obtained with these
five different images can be seen in table 2. Table 2
comparison isbased on theNeighshrinkSURE
transformation method. As shown in table 2, the PSNR of
image denoised by the proposed method is obviously
outperforms as compared to existing methods. It can be
seen that PSNR obtained with the proposed method
isenhanced are compared to existing methods
Fig.2.Input Fig.3.Faulty image
Fig.4.Binary gradient mask
Fig.5.Dilated gradient mask
Fig.6.Diagnosis Image
IV. CONCLUSION
This paper presents a method for detection and
diagnostics of failures in transmission line. The input
values of the transmission line are injected in the image
and it is transmitted in a network. The obtained image
values are processed by the Neigh Shrink SURE function.
And if an fault is observed or any noise is occurred in the
image it tends to change the characteristics of the image.
Thus the changes can be proceeding by the Neigh
Int. Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engg. Vol. 2, Spl. Issue 1 (2015) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
NITTTR, Chandigarh EDIT -2015 76
multichannel wavelet coefficient that square measure at
long last conveyed back to the picture area by converse
wavelet change. The NeighShrink are efficient image
denoising algorithms that are based on universal threshold
and discrete wavelet transform. In order to determine the
NeighShrink, the optimal threshold and neighbouring
window size are calculated as,
(λs
,Ls
)=argλ,Lmin SURE(ws,λ,L)………..(1)
where λ is optimal threshold, L is neighboring window
size , s is subbandandsure
(ws,λ,L)= Ns + Σ ||gn(wn)||2
2 + 2 Σ …...(2)
In equation it is an unbiased estimate of the risk
on subband s and L is an odd number and greater
than1,forexample,3,5,7,9,etc.Ns noisy wavelet coefficients
from subband s,
=
: , ∈
,
into the 1-D vector
= : = 1, …
gn(wn=
−
−
( < )
( ℎ )
…….…(3)
In the equation (3) gn(wn) is thenth
Wavelet coefficient.
Input
Image
Fault
Value
level
PSNR
Value
using
Neighsh
rink
MSE
value
ELAPSED
TIME
1 48.5480 0.9084 10.916196
5 36.9973 12.9822 11.701278
10 32.8917 33.4125 10.960715
20 29.3423
75.6567
11.884871
1 48.5480 0.9084 12.634479
5 36.9973 12.9822
11.751183
10 32.8917 33.4125 10.833803
20 29.3423 75.6567 10.144114
1 48.3809 0.9440 16.546169
5 36.6428 14.0864 16.360380
10 32.6126 35.6301 15.879918
20 29.0225 81.4386 17.639207
Table.2.calculation of PSNR value with elapsed time
III. SIMULATION RESULTS
In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed
method, the experiment is performed on a representative
set of standard 8 bit gray scale CVG-UGRdatabase, such
as House, Lena, Barbara, Pepper, Boat each of size
512x512,256x256 corrupted by simulated additive white
Gaussian noise with a standard deviation equal
to10,15,20. Several methods were used to filter the noisy
image. The paper evaluated the performance of proposed
method using the quality measure PSNR which is
calculated as follows.
PSNR = 10log ………… (4)
Here the performance of proposed method is compared
with different denoising scheme. Mean Square Error
(MSE), which requires two m x n grey-scale, images iand
k. Where one of the images is considered as a noisy
approximation of the other and it is defined as: The MSE
is defined as:
MSE = ∑ ∑ ‖I(i, j) − k(i, j)‖ …(5)
The comparison of PSNR obtained with these
five different images can be seen in table 2. Table 2
comparison isbased on theNeighshrinkSURE
transformation method. As shown in table 2, the PSNR of
image denoised by the proposed method is obviously
outperforms as compared to existing methods. It can be
seen that PSNR obtained with the proposed method
isenhanced are compared to existing methods
Fig.2.Input Fig.3.Faulty image
Fig.4.Binary gradient mask
Fig.5.Dilated gradient mask
Fig.6.Diagnosis Image
IV. CONCLUSION
This paper presents a method for detection and
diagnostics of failures in transmission line. The input
values of the transmission line are injected in the image
and it is transmitted in a network. The obtained image
values are processed by the Neigh Shrink SURE function.
And if an fault is observed or any noise is occurred in the
image it tends to change the characteristics of the image.
Thus the changes can be proceeding by the Neigh
Int. Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engg. Vol. 2, Spl. Issue 1 (2015) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
NITTTR, Chandigarh EDIT -2015 76
multichannel wavelet coefficient that square measure at
long last conveyed back to the picture area by converse
wavelet change. The NeighShrink are efficient image
denoising algorithms that are based on universal threshold
and discrete wavelet transform. In order to determine the
NeighShrink, the optimal threshold and neighbouring
window size are calculated as,
(λs
,Ls
)=argλ,Lmin SURE(ws,λ,L)………..(1)
where λ is optimal threshold, L is neighboring window
size , s is subbandandsure
(ws,λ,L)= Ns + Σ ||gn(wn)||2
2 + 2 Σ …...(2)
In equation it is an unbiased estimate of the risk
on subband s and L is an odd number and greater
than1,forexample,3,5,7,9,etc.Ns noisy wavelet coefficients
from subband s,
=
: , ∈
,
into the 1-D vector
= : = 1, …
gn(wn=
−
−
( < )
( ℎ )
…….…(3)
In the equation (3) gn(wn) is thenth
Wavelet coefficient.
Input
Image
Fault
Value
level
PSNR
Value
using
Neighsh
rink
MSE
value
ELAPSED
TIME
1 48.5480 0.9084 10.916196
5 36.9973 12.9822 11.701278
10 32.8917 33.4125 10.960715
20 29.3423
75.6567
11.884871
1 48.5480 0.9084 12.634479
5 36.9973 12.9822
11.751183
10 32.8917 33.4125 10.833803
20 29.3423 75.6567 10.144114
1 48.3809 0.9440 16.546169
5 36.6428 14.0864 16.360380
10 32.6126 35.6301 15.879918
20 29.0225 81.4386 17.639207
Table.2.calculation of PSNR value with elapsed time
III. SIMULATION RESULTS
In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed
method, the experiment is performed on a representative
set of standard 8 bit gray scale CVG-UGRdatabase, such
as House, Lena, Barbara, Pepper, Boat each of size
512x512,256x256 corrupted by simulated additive white
Gaussian noise with a standard deviation equal
to10,15,20. Several methods were used to filter the noisy
image. The paper evaluated the performance of proposed
method using the quality measure PSNR which is
calculated as follows.
PSNR = 10log ………… (4)
Here the performance of proposed method is compared
with different denoising scheme. Mean Square Error
(MSE), which requires two m x n grey-scale, images iand
k. Where one of the images is considered as a noisy
approximation of the other and it is defined as: The MSE
is defined as:
MSE = ∑ ∑ ‖I(i, j) − k(i, j)‖ …(5)
The comparison of PSNR obtained with these
five different images can be seen in table 2. Table 2
comparison isbased on theNeighshrinkSURE
transformation method. As shown in table 2, the PSNR of
image denoised by the proposed method is obviously
outperforms as compared to existing methods. It can be
seen that PSNR obtained with the proposed method
isenhanced are compared to existing methods
Fig.2.Input Fig.3.Faulty image
Fig.4.Binary gradient mask
Fig.5.Dilated gradient mask
Fig.6.Diagnosis Image
IV. CONCLUSION
This paper presents a method for detection and
diagnostics of failures in transmission line. The input
values of the transmission line are injected in the image
and it is transmitted in a network. The obtained image
values are processed by the Neigh Shrink SURE function.
And if an fault is observed or any noise is occurred in the
image it tends to change the characteristics of the image.
Thus the changes can be proceeding by the Neigh
4. Int. Journal of Electrical & Electronics Engg. Vol. 2, Spl. Issue 1 (2015) e-ISSN: 1694-2310 | p-ISSN: 1694-2426
77 NITTTR, Chandigarh EDIT-2015
ShrinkSURE function and the original values of the input
are obtained. Thus it ensures that the fault can be detected
and it is diagnosed.The diagnostics tool implemented
showed itself as a powerful tool to identify the fault.
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