The document discusses the process and implications of desalination, converting saline water into freshwater. It highlights the methods of reverse osmosis and seawater greenhouses, as well as the costs associated with desalination and its environmental impacts. A case study of a reverse osmosis plant in Qatar is included, illustrating the potential for desalination to alleviate water scarcity in regions like the Middle East.

2. Guided By,
K .A Ouseph
(Professor in charge)
Presented By,
Sahla P.I
S7 CE
Roll No:51

3. Why not the “Natural Water”?
2

4. “Our Globe possess more Water than
land!!”
(Source: http//www.animatedgif.net/earthglobe/earthglobe8.shtml)
3

5. •INTRODUCTION
•USE & COST OF DESALINATION
•DESALINATION PROCESS
•MAJOR DESALINATION METHODS
• REVERSE OSMOSIS
• SEAWATER GREENHOUSE
CONTENTS
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6. CONTENTS
• CASE STUDY: HBT RO PLANT: QATAR
• GLOBAL CONTEXT
• OASIS GENERATION PROGRAMME
• SEAWATER TO FRESHWATER BY RO:
(VIDEO CLIP)
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCE 5

7. INTRODUCTION
•DESALINATION : Saline water to fresh water
•It has both merits and demerits
•Positive side : Solves water scarcity issues
•Negative sides includes:
• High cost
• High energy required
• Environmental impact 6

8. INTRODUCTION(Contd.)
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•Regional Study of World Bank :
•Improve awareness on desalination.
•Concluded :
•Improper implementation leads to failure.
•Desalination could be made:
•Less costly
•Energy efficient
•Ecofriendly

9. •USES OF DESALINATED WATER
•Drinking water
•Domestic uses
•Industrial uses
•Agricultural use
•“THERE ARE COUNTRIES THAT HAS TO PAY MORE FOR
WATER THAN OIL”
• Example: Middle east countries
• Costly
USE & COST OF DESALINATION
8

10. DESALINATION PROCESS
Desalination Process
(Source:www.canadianclear.com)
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11. MAJOR DESALINATION METHODS
• REVERSE OSMOSIS
• SEAWATER GREENHOUSE
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12. REVERSE OSMOSIS
• Semi permeable membrane
• Osmosis: lower to higher concentration
through membrane
• To dilute the higher concentrated
solution
• In RO, water flow from higher to lower
concentrated side
• Low salt
• More water 11

13. 0
1
2
3
4
5
OSMOSIS REVERSE
OSMOSIS
WATER ON HIGHER
COCENTRATION SIDE
WATER ON LOWER
CONCENTRATION SIDE
Difference between Osmosis & Reverse Osmosis
REVERSE OSMOSIS(Contd.)
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14. • Helps in growth of crops
• Cools air flows through the house.
• Sunlight enter the house by special roof
• Provides humidity and moisture
• Air passes through the exit wall
and gets condensed
SEAWATER GREEN HOUSE
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15. SEAWATER GREENHOUSE(Contd.)
Seawater greenhouse
(Source: www.seawatergreenhouse.com)
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16. CASE STUDY: HBT RO PLANT:QATAR
• HOWTAT BANI TAMIM RO PLANT,QATAR
• Aeration & Sedimentation
• Followed by Cooling towers ,Storage tanks & Sand filters
• Filtered water stored in RO building
• 16 Evaporation tanks are used to dispose:
• Rejected water:RO units
• Sludge: Sedimentation tanks
• Wash water: Filters 15

17. CASE STUDY: HBT RO PLANT:QATAR(Contd.)
Schematic diagram of HBT plant
(Source: http://inpressco.com/category/ijce)
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18. • Concluded:
• Avg Raw water flow : 29975 cu m/day
• Avg TDS: 2000 mg/lit
• High iron concentration :(4-7) mg/lit
• Average daily product water flow :26282 cu m /day
CASE STUDY: HBT RO PLANT:QATAR(Contd.)
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19. Desalination Plants & their Output
(Source:www.hitachizosen.co.jp)
GLOBAL CONTEXT
•Current global capacity : more than 15,000 desalination plants
•Number of People consuming desalinated water are likely to rise
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20. DUBAI
•Reverse Osmosis system
INDIA
AUSTRALIA
• Powered by wave energy
• RO system
Garden Island Desalination Plant, Australia
(Source: www.carnegiewave.com)
Minjur Desalination Plant neaChennai, India
(Source: www.ivrcl.com)
The Jebel Ali plant in Dubai
(Source: forums.canadiancintinent.net)
•Uses Distillation Process
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21. IS IT POSSIBLE TO TURN OUR DESERTS GREEN???
OASIS GENERATION PROGRAMME :
•An upcoming project
•Oasis: Isolated area of vegetation in desert
surrounded by a spring /water resources
•Critical importance :trade & transportation in deserts
•Caravans travel via oases
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22. • Aim :Integrated large scale production of freshwater,
energy, biomass and ecosystem
• Simple Inputs : Nutrients, sunlight and seawater
• Work under sunny and arid conditions
• Integration of technologies: Seawater Greenhouse, Solar
Power & the extraction of seawater energy
OASIS GENERATION PROGRAMME:
THE GREEN DESERT TOWER
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The Green Desert Tower
(Source: Chris-studio.blogspot.in)

23. SEAWATER TO FRESHWATER BY RO
(Source: http://m.youtube.com/watch?v=1xcGmv25rxM)
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24. CONCLUSION
•Artificial solution & has both positive & negative phases
•Controversies existed until a decade ago
•Global warming turned landscapes into near deserts
•Expanding population: intense pressure on existing fresh water supplies
•Case study of HBT Plant: RO Process is less energy intensive method
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25. CONCLUSION
•WORLD BANK’S RECENT REGIONAL STUDY CONCLUDED
THAT:
By Proper planning, technologies & implementation, Desalination
could be made:
Less costly
Energy efficient
Ecofriendly
“Desalination is the most expedient way to satisfy
our collective thirst.”
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26. • K.H Khalil, Farouk M.W and Abdul aziz M.E (2015)“Operational Performance and
Monitoring of a Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plant: A Case Study”
• Norouz S (2015), “Suggested Strategies in Water Treatment by Using Situ Pressure
in Reverse Osmosis”, Journal of Geology, pp 367-373
• R Calvo,S Castro, G.A Osorio,G Lopez & Calvo (2014), “Novel Membrane
Materials for Reverse Osmosis Desalination”,Hydrology Current
• Copeland & Lytle (2014), “Measuring the oxidation–reduction potential of
important oxidants in drinking water”
REFERENCE
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27. • Stover (2014), “a New Process for High-Recovery, Low-Energy RO Treatment”,
Journal AWWA, pp 74-77
• Shenoy, Abhita, Fathima,Jagadish & Rajalakshmi (2014), “Optimization of Pre-
Treatment Process in Sea Water Reverse Osmosis Plant”,Journal of Innovative
Research in Science, Engineering and Technology. Vol. 3, Issue 7, pp 14733-14740.
• International Journal of Environment and Sustainability ISSN 1927‐9566 | Vol. 1
No. 3, pp. 22‐37 (2012).
REFERENCE
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28. THANK YOU

29. QUESTIONS?!