SERVING INDUSTRIES WITH RELIABLE DESALINATION SOLUTIONS Desalination of seawater or brackish water has become an increasingly common method of producing water to meet the growing needs of industry. http://www.degremont.com.au/industrial/solutions/desalination/
Desalination can be defined as any process that removes salts from water. Desalination processes may be used in municipal, industrial, or commercial applications. With improvements in technology. Today there are two main types of desalination technologies – membrane (RO) and thermal (MED, MVC and MSF) desalination.
Prepared by:
- Esraa Hussein 14104622
- Ayman Mohamed 14105247
What is desalination?
Why desalination?
Types of desalination.
Steps of desalination.
Desalination in Saudi Arabia.
Problems.
Research and development.
Saturated Sodium chloride brine can be produced by desalination of seawater.Such high purity brine will become the raw material for the production of Caustic soda and Soda ash.This slide show explains how.
Desalination, the process of removing salts from seawater.
To overcome the water scarcity different desalination processes are used over the word.Some the most common methods are described in it.
Desalination can be defined as any process that removes salts from water. Desalination processes may be used in municipal, industrial, or commercial applications. With improvements in technology. Today there are two main types of desalination technologies – membrane (RO) and thermal (MED, MVC and MSF) desalination.
Prepared by:
- Esraa Hussein 14104622
- Ayman Mohamed 14105247
What is desalination?
Why desalination?
Types of desalination.
Steps of desalination.
Desalination in Saudi Arabia.
Problems.
Research and development.
Saturated Sodium chloride brine can be produced by desalination of seawater.Such high purity brine will become the raw material for the production of Caustic soda and Soda ash.This slide show explains how.
Desalination, the process of removing salts from seawater.
To overcome the water scarcity different desalination processes are used over the word.Some the most common methods are described in it.
The subject consists of two processes,one is Desalination and next is reverse osmosis process. These process remove dissolved salts from water, thus provides fresh water from seawater or brackish water that is big challenge now a days.
Desalination Overview and 24 MLD Jaffna SWRO Project May, 2015 - Water Globe.Private Consultants
TA-8668 SRI: Rapid Assessment of Seawater Desalination and
Other Alternative Water Sources for Jaffna Water Supply Water - Globe Consulting Nikolay Voutchkov
Today Desalination is a common process that's used in seaside cities and towns worldwide. There are more than 15,000 desalination plants around the world providing fresh water from salt and brackish water alike. Increased water conservation and efficiency remain the most cost effective priorities in areas of the world when there is a large potential to improve the efficiency of water use practices.
Desalination of the Sea Around Us, Part IICarol Reeb
This is a talk on seawater desalination I gave in Seaside California on October 19th, 2010. It is divided in two parts.
Part I contains information on seawater desalination and how the process can impact the marine environment.
Part II provides specific examples of how brine discharged from these plants can affect species, especially eggs and developing young.
It ends with an illustration of how water recycling could be a better long-term solution to our looming water crisis on the Monterey Peninsula and in the State of California.
Desalination technology; economy and simplicityIJERA Editor
Water scarcity is a major problem, a seawater desalination process separates saline seawater into two streams: a fresh water stream containing a low concentration of dissolved salts and a concentrated brine stream Applied desalination technologies can be divided in to three groups, thermal desalination technologies, membrane based desalination technologies,and solar desalination technologies. Results show that solar energy coupled to desalination offers a promising prospect for covering the fundamental needs of power and water in remote regions such as grid-limited villages or isolated islands that have access to sea or brackish-water. Reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED) desalination units are the most favorable alternatives to be coupled with photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Ground water distillation by basin type solar still for different basin water...IJERA Editor
Adequate quality and reliability of drinking water supply is a fundamental need. Without potable water or
drinking water (less than about 500 ppm of salt) human life is not possible. Only 1% of Earth's water is in a
fresh, liquid state, and nearly all of this is polluted by both diseases and toxic chemicals. For this reason,
purification of water supplies is extremely important.
Keeping these things in mind, we have devised a model which will convert the saline ground water into pure
and potable water using the renewable source of energy (i.e. solar energy). Solar energy is an abundant, never
lasting, and available on site and pollution free energy.Solar Energy is freely available and can be used as a very
cheap option to convert saline ground Water through Solar Distillation, by using Solar Stills. The conventional
single basin and single slop Passive Solar Still can be used to purify water but the main problem is that the per
square meter distillate output is less. So it is need to modify the design of solar still for high output of solar
distillate
Solar still is easy to construct, can be done by local people from locally available materials, simple in
operation by unskilled Personnel, no hard maintenance requirements and almost no operation cost. Simplest
basin type models of solar still in earlier days, researchers have progressed a lot to increase its efficiency.
Suitable modification of solar still can produce high output using minimum areas of land and even in cloudy
days. Experimental study is done at Rewa M.P. on two different basin water depth solar stills. Low water depth
solar water still is produced more distillate than high water depth still by the experiment.
The subject consists of two processes,one is Desalination and next is reverse osmosis process. These process remove dissolved salts from water, thus provides fresh water from seawater or brackish water that is big challenge now a days.
Desalination Overview and 24 MLD Jaffna SWRO Project May, 2015 - Water Globe.Private Consultants
TA-8668 SRI: Rapid Assessment of Seawater Desalination and
Other Alternative Water Sources for Jaffna Water Supply Water - Globe Consulting Nikolay Voutchkov
Today Desalination is a common process that's used in seaside cities and towns worldwide. There are more than 15,000 desalination plants around the world providing fresh water from salt and brackish water alike. Increased water conservation and efficiency remain the most cost effective priorities in areas of the world when there is a large potential to improve the efficiency of water use practices.
Desalination of the Sea Around Us, Part IICarol Reeb
This is a talk on seawater desalination I gave in Seaside California on October 19th, 2010. It is divided in two parts.
Part I contains information on seawater desalination and how the process can impact the marine environment.
Part II provides specific examples of how brine discharged from these plants can affect species, especially eggs and developing young.
It ends with an illustration of how water recycling could be a better long-term solution to our looming water crisis on the Monterey Peninsula and in the State of California.
Desalination technology; economy and simplicityIJERA Editor
Water scarcity is a major problem, a seawater desalination process separates saline seawater into two streams: a fresh water stream containing a low concentration of dissolved salts and a concentrated brine stream Applied desalination technologies can be divided in to three groups, thermal desalination technologies, membrane based desalination technologies,and solar desalination technologies. Results show that solar energy coupled to desalination offers a promising prospect for covering the fundamental needs of power and water in remote regions such as grid-limited villages or isolated islands that have access to sea or brackish-water. Reverse osmosis (RO) and electrodialysis (ED) desalination units are the most favorable alternatives to be coupled with photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Ground water distillation by basin type solar still for different basin water...IJERA Editor
Adequate quality and reliability of drinking water supply is a fundamental need. Without potable water or
drinking water (less than about 500 ppm of salt) human life is not possible. Only 1% of Earth's water is in a
fresh, liquid state, and nearly all of this is polluted by both diseases and toxic chemicals. For this reason,
purification of water supplies is extremely important.
Keeping these things in mind, we have devised a model which will convert the saline ground water into pure
and potable water using the renewable source of energy (i.e. solar energy). Solar energy is an abundant, never
lasting, and available on site and pollution free energy.Solar Energy is freely available and can be used as a very
cheap option to convert saline ground Water through Solar Distillation, by using Solar Stills. The conventional
single basin and single slop Passive Solar Still can be used to purify water but the main problem is that the per
square meter distillate output is less. So it is need to modify the design of solar still for high output of solar
distillate
Solar still is easy to construct, can be done by local people from locally available materials, simple in
operation by unskilled Personnel, no hard maintenance requirements and almost no operation cost. Simplest
basin type models of solar still in earlier days, researchers have progressed a lot to increase its efficiency.
Suitable modification of solar still can produce high output using minimum areas of land and even in cloudy
days. Experimental study is done at Rewa M.P. on two different basin water depth solar stills. Low water depth
solar water still is produced more distillate than high water depth still by the experiment.
Numerous municipal and industrial projects have enabled Degrémont to consolidate its world-leading position in the desalination field, in particular thanks to its mastery of water treatment technologies, its expertise as builder and operator, its operating support tools, its introduction of effective energy-recovery systems to reduce energy consumption, its solutions to preserve the Earth’s flora and fauna
Your partner in sustainable, efficient and cost-effective water management for industry.
Find out more: http://www.degremont-industry.com/en/
Come discover our video and meet Alex, a passionate associate at Degremont Industry: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXhL-mfZcNo&list=UUYAIpx1_5Q7RyH824WBg9nA&feature=share&index=3
DEGRÉMONT INDUSTRY CORPORATE BROCHURE 2013Rick Nabett
Degrémont Industry is purely devoted to industry’s needs. It combines the activities of Ondeo IS in Europe as well as all of Degrémont’s industrial activities worldwide. Degrémont Industry is a global player in the optimum and comprehensive management of the industrial water cycle.
http://www.degremont.com.au/
INNOVATIVE APPROACH OF SEWAGE DISPOSAL SYSTEM.pdfPRITI CHHATOI
“Case Study on ‘Innovative approach of Sewage Disposal System’ in urban areas.”
Contents: Introduction; What is sewage disposal system ?;Case study of Aquatech’s first integrated biological & membrane water recycle project at Mumbai international airport; Project background; Challenge;
Different steps of Treatment;
The placing of the devises for secondary and tertiary treatment; Process in flow diagram; Biological treatment; Effective RO pre-treatment; Analysis of water contents; Positives from the Project.
The Victorian Desalination Plant, based near Wonthaggi, is able to provide a source of drinking water independent of rainfall for Melbourne and some regional communities. It is capable of supplying up to 450,000 m3 of drinking water per day. The Victorian Desalination Plant, based near Wonthaggi, is able to provide a source of drinking water independent of rainfall for Melbourne and some regional communities. It is capable of supplying up to 450,000 m3 of drinking water per day.The Victorian Desalination Plant, based near Wonthaggi, is able to provide a source of drinking water independent of rainfall for Melbourne and some regional communities. It is capable of supplying up to 450,000 m3 of drinking water per day. http://www.degremont.com.au/
Latest Offshore Oil and Gas Innovations by McDermott - GineersNow Engineering...GineersNow
GineersNow Oil and Gas Leaders Issue 002
Oil and Gas Leaders: McDermott Latest Innovation in Oil and Gas. Exclusive interview with McDermott's Vice President for Engineering.
Exclusive: Digital marketing in oil & gas industry, latest oil and gas technologies, robot pipeline detection, sustainable fuel.
Special Feature Stories: Chemical, Drilling, Exploration, Offshore, Onshore, Petroleum, Energy Storage, Oil Transport, Refinery, Upstream, Midstream, Downstream
Country Focus: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain, Middle East, GCC.
https://www.gineersnow.com/topics/magazines
Hydroflux Engineering Pvt Ltd is a reputed manufacturer of ETP, STP, DM, and RO Plants headquartered at Delhi, India. We have served various industries and applications across the Globe and constantly innovate to extend our spectrum of offerings. We have been providing end to end solutions right from the requirement understanding, solution designing, implementation, onsite/offsite installation to post installation support, break fixes and AMCs.
Discover excellence in water treatment solutions with Hydroflux Engineering Pvt Ltd. Based in Delhi, India, we are a leading manufacturer of ETP, STP, DM, and RO Plants, serving diverse industries globally. From conceptualization to installation and ongoing support, we offer comprehensive solutions. Contact us at +91 8851066212 or visit www.hydroflux.co.in for innovative water treatment technologies. Connect with us on Instagram, Facebook, Linkedin, and Twitter for updates: @hydroflux__engineering, www.facebook.com/hydrofluxengineering, www.linkedin.com/company/hydroflux-engineering-pvt-ltd, twitter.com/HydrofluxEngin. Email us at support@hydroflux.co.in for inquiries and partnerships
WATER FOR THE POWER INDUSTRY To cope with major changes in policy, climate and population, Degrémont Australia can help operators of thermal power plants (coal, lignite, fuel oil, gas, biomass, biogas and solar) meet key objectives http://www.degremont.com.au/industrial/industries-we-serve/power/
To cope with major changes in policy, climate and population, Degrémont Australia can help operators of thermal power plants (coal, lignite, fuel oil, gas, biomass, biogas, nuclear and solar) meet key objectives.
http://www.degremont.com.au/
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
The water treatment specialist SUEZ designs, builds, operates and equips facilities that combine technical and economic performance, while respecting site environments, whether natural or urban. http://www.degremont.com.au/
Suez committed together to water a source of lifeRick Nabett
With more than 40 years of local experience, SUEZ
is committed to providing smart, reliable water solutions tailored
to help municipal and industrial clients achieve their unique
business visions. http://www.degremont.com.au/
In Australasia, Suez has established a strong presence in the waste and water treatment Industries. Every day, SUEZ rises to the challenge of protecting natural resources across Australia and New Zealand. http://www.degremont.com.au/
Water and wastewater distribution networks are an essential part of the water cycle and a major tool in the preservation of water resources. As communities rely on these networks, effective operation and optimal management and performance are critical. http://www.degremont.com.au/municipal/solutions/networks/
Degrémont to deliver Australia’s first biological iron and manganese removal ...Rick Nabett
Australia's first biological iron and manganese removal water filtration plant in landmark NT project. http://www.degremont.com.au/media/news/australias-first-biological-iron-and-manganese-removal-water-filtration-plant/
Suez environnement in australia & new zealandRick Nabett
In Australasia, Suez Environnement has established a strong presence in the waste and water treatment Industries. Every day, its subsidiaries Degrémont and SITA Environmental Solutions rise to the challenge of protecting natural resources across Australia and New Zealand. http://www.degremont.com.au
In 2006, Degrémont Australia (in a joint venture partnership with United Group Infrastructure (UGI)), won a contract to design and build a wastewater treatment and recycling plant in the Pimpama region of the Gold Coast, Queensland. http://www.degremont.com.au
Noosa Shire Council (now known as UnityWater) selected Degrémont Australia from a list of 15 organisations to design, build and operate a new state-of-the-art sewage treatment plant in QLD. http://www.degremont.com.au
In April 2005, Western Australia’s Water Corporation chose Degrémont Australia to design, build and operate Perth’s first seawater desalination plant using reverse osmosis technology - the largest plant in the southern hemisphere at the time. The 143,000m3/d plant was built at Kwinana, 25 kilometres south of Perth in Western Australia. http://www.degremont.com.au
Desalination, The Sustainable AlternativeRick Nabett
Various municipal and industrial projects have enabled Degrémont to consolidate its world-leading position in the desalination field, in particular thanks to its mastery of water treatment technologies, its expertise as builder and operator
http://www.degremont.com.au
LEADING PRIVATE WATER OPERATOR IN AUSTRALIA Degrémont Australia, together with our partners, currently operate and maintain more than 53 water, desalination, wastewater and reuse plants and can supply over 8.4 million Australians with treated drinking water, when required, confirming our tag as the leading private operator in Australia, and illustrating our commitment to meeting the needs of our customers and the community. http://www.degremont.com.au/innovative-offers/activities-services/operation-maintenance/
WATER FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY Sustainable management of the water cycle is critical to the success of mining operations in Australia. http://www.degremont.com.au/industrial/industries-we-serve/mining/
The water used in cooling systems, boilers, products and production represents the largest water-related expenditure at an industrial site. In addition, the quality and quantity requirements vary from one industry to another and from one site to another. Given the importance of process water for our industrial customers, we have made it a priority to offer them reliable and innovative solutions to meet their water needs and ensure continuity of industrial production. http://www.degremont.com.au/industrial/solutions/process-water/
Degrémont Australia works with food and beverage clients to identify safe, reliable and well-priced solutions to keep water consumption under control.
http://www.degremont.com.au/
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
1. Committed together to water, a source of life
DESALINATION
THE SUSTAINABLE ALTERNATIVE
109474_PLAQUETTE_DEGREMONT_DESSALEMENT_VA.indd 1 20/11/13 18:29
2. [ The stakes ]
60%
of the world’s biggest
cities in coastal areas
do not have access to
freshwater.
100
million m3
/day. This is the
estimated installed desalination
capacity to meet municipal and
industrial requirements in 2015.
This capacity will have doubled in
the 10 years from 2005 to 2015.
97.5%
of the Earth’s water reserves
consist of seawater.
The gap between the available water
resource and our municipal and industrial
needs will reach 40% by 2030, and the
number of people living in regions affected
by severe hydric stress is expected to
increase by a billion to 3.9 billion, out of a
global population of 8.1 billion. The most
severely affected countries and regions will
be North Africa, the Middle East, Northern
China, Southern India, Pakistan and certain
parts of the United States and Mexico.
Desalination
by Degrémont
3.9
billion people
affected by hydric
stress by 2030.
2
109474_PLAQUETTE_DEGREMONT_DESSALEMENT_VA.indd 2 20/11/13 18:29
3. A prize-winner at
the Global Water
Awards 2013 for its
technical prowess
and environmental
integration, the
Victorian Desalination
Plant designed and built
by Degrémont
has become the
new benchmark for
the desalination
industry
worldwide.
255desalination plants
built worldwide.
3million cubic metres
of desalinated water
produced per day
in 2012.
10million people
supplied.
Nearly 50 years
of experience
Recognised as a pioneer in the
technology of desalination by reverse
osmosis since its first plant was
established on the island of Houat
in France in 1969, Degrémont has
successfully developed and integrated
complementary technologies to make
this a sustainable solution.
Four complementary
areas of activity
Customised design & build to meet
specific requirements with seawater
or brackish water desalination
plants – small or large, modular or
standardised – designed and built
according to site requirements and
water types.
Operation and services solutions
for daily management, optimisation
of desalination plants (pre-treatment,
energy consumption, washing of
membranes, etc.), and “à la carte”
solutions such as the supply of spare
parts, rehabilitation, employee training,
etc.
“Packaged” equipment and
technologies to increase or diversify
pre-treatment or reverse osmosis
performances, or for an easy-to-operate
modular and compact design.
Financing for BOT (Build, Operate,
Transfer) makes for a real partnership
in which Degrémont is fully involved in
every respect, including financing.
Outstanding advantages
Numerous municipal and industrial
projects have enabled Degrémont to
consolidate its world-leading position in
the field, in particular thanks to:
• its mastery of pre-treatment, reverse
osmosis and remineralisation processes;
• its expertise as builder and operator,
enabling it to offer local authorities and
industry competitive solutions that are
adapted to their particular operating
requirements;
• its comprehensive range of modular
and standardised products to optimise
delivery and commissioning times;
• its operating support tools to
safeguard freshwater production and
continuously optimise operating costs;
• its introduction of effective energy-
recovery systems to reduce energy
consumption;
• its solutions to preserve the Earth’s
flora and fauna in general and marine
life in particular, both at water intake
and on dispersion of brines.
Active in R&D
To adapt to future needs and continue
to optimise existing systems,
Degrémont is engaged in research on
the following subjects:
• direct osmosis;
• membrane distillation;
• new membranes;
• new membrane engineering;
• alternative energy sources;
• alternative processes for treating
boron;
• reducing water loss in pre-treatment;
• etc.
A mastered solution for local
authorities and industry
3
109474_PLAQUETTE_DEGREMONT_DESSALEMENT_VA.indd 3 20/11/13 18:29
4. [ Know-how ]
SeadafTM
This compact solution for clarification
by rapid dissolved air flotation (DAF) of
saline water replaces the first filtration
stage. It is useful for water that may
present occasional peaks in suspension
matter and algal bloom.
SeacleanTM
This dual media (anthracite + sand)
filtration technology is ideal for
desalination plants of all sizes. It improves
the performance of reverse osmosis
membranes, increases their lifespan,
reduces washing equipment and cuts
water loss.
UltramarineTM
SmartrackTM
This metallic chassis can accommodate
different types of ultrafiltration membrane
modules. The system is standardised and
industrialised, reducing the time taken for
implementation and allowing to master
the cost of membranes renewal.
SeaproTM
This Degrémont range of standard reverse
osmosis desalination plant elements
has been developed based on feedback
from its realisations. Its advantages are:
reduced construction time for a rapid
complete build, limitation of technical
and construction risks, and general
optimisation of costs (civil engineering,
construction, equipment, assembly,
etc.). The most recent plant of this type
is the SeaproTM
50K, which produces
50,000 m3
/day, comprising:
• water intake;
• pre-treatment by SeadafTM
rapid
flotation, and ultrafiltration;
• a reverse osmosis pass;
• a remineralisation phase.
This plant is flexible in its design according
to local conditions and each client’s
specific requirements.
Offshore oil & gas
With its expertise in desalination and
engineering know-how specific to offshore
oil exploration and production, Degrémont
designs and supplies units for desalination
and sulphate removal to equip FPSO
(Floating, Production, Storing and
Offloading) vessels.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES
to optimise processes, reduce operating costs and lessen
environmental impact.
A BROAD RANGE OF PRODUCTS, SERVICES AND TOOLS
to provide relevant technical and economic solutions for the needs
and challenges facing local authorities and industry.
An offer dedicated
to desalination
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5. OMOBILE / MobilePro
These mobile (truck-mounted) desalination
units guarantee the quality and quantity
of water required without capital outlay,
anywhere in the world and for all types
of industry. The trucks are rented and
are equipped with reverse osmosis or ion
exchange units to produce industrial water.
They guarantee the continuity of industrial
water production in emergencies as well as
anticipating purified water requirements
during planned procedures.
Desalination robustness*
This modelling tool, developed jointly
with Laborelec and GDF SUEZ, offers three
advantages:
• identification, by geographic region
worldwide, of six typical seawater
compositions and their annual profile;
• determination, according to profile,
of the optimal dosages of chemicals to
most effectively foresee the quality of the
pre-treated water, thereby optimising the
robustness of a desalination plant and its
operating costs;
• the choice of the best line of pre-treatment
to optimise investment and operating costs.
The tool is based on a statistical method
using a database containing over 10 years
of data (from pilot trials and plants).
ControlBuild
This tool simulates the operation of a virtual
desalination plant, enabling automated
systems to be tested and parameterised
upstream before being validated at the
plant. It facilitates operational start-up on
delivery of the plant and reduces the time
needed for the commissioning phase (two
month reduction at the 450,000 m3
/day
Victorian desalination plant, Melbourne-
Australia). The tool can also be used
during the operational phase to simulate
optimisation methods and thus continually
improve performance.
* The robustness of reverse osmosis plants is defined
as the capacity to provide an appropriate flow and
quality of drinking water, in accordance with the
capacities of the plant and the guarantees of the
membrane supplier.
A reverse osmosis membrane
only allows water to pass through and retains
all the solutes, except for a few organic
molecules very similar to water.
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6. [ References ]
MELBOURNE, Australia
One of the biggest reverse osmosis
desalination plants in operation
The Victorian desalination plant can produce and
supply 450,000 m3
(extendable to 600,000 m3
) of
drinking water to the city of Melbourne per day.
Environmentally friendly…
The equipment was selected for its minimal power
consumption. Besides the hydroelectric energy
recovered and used for the reverse osmosis, the
energy needed for the operation of the plant is
entirely offset by the green electricity produced by
two wind farms. The plant has the biggest green roof
in Australia and it is surrounded by a 225-hectare
ecological reserve creating a biosphere for local flora.
… and a challenge for human resources
The project was also a challenge in terms of human
resources: at peak construction time, 4,200 workers
of 20 different nationalities were employed on site
every day.
AL DUR, Barheïn
Complete and secure pre-treatment
With a capacity of 218,000 m3
of drinking water per
day, Al Dur is the biggest desalination plant in the
Persian Gulf. It is part of a broader BOO (Build Own
Operate) project.
In order to maintain a low clogging index and preserve
the reverse osmosis membranes, the pre-treatment
process has been designed to manage the high
concentration of organic matter and significant build-up
of algae in the waters of the Persian Gulf. The key of
the plant’s reliability is its complete and secure pre-
treatment process, comprised of two treatment stages:
• flotation by SeadafTM
(14 x 66 m2
units);
• dual media filtration under pressure by 44 x 52 m2
metallic filters.
For greater flexibility and to enhance operation
reliability, the pre-treatment process is divided into
two lines each receiving 50% of the water intake.
In addition, to reduce the plant’s energy costs, the
racks of the first reverse osmosis pass are equipped
with Pelton turbines.
Features of this
BOT contract
• 2 undersea tunnels
with a total length
of 2.7 km;
• 84 km of treated
water pipelines,
composed of
7,000 pipes;
• 87 km of 220kV
underground cables,
a world record;
• 29 buildings;
• 51 reverse osmosis
racks;
• 55,000 membranes;
• 72 pumps for the
dual media filters;
• 486 ERI®
PX 260
energy-recovery
systems;
• 37 months:
record construction
time;
• 27 years:
Degrémont’s
operation of the plant.
Flagship realisations
for local authorities
A PIONEER IN DESALINATION BY REVERSE OSMOSIS, Degrémont has built 255 plants
in all four corners of the world.
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7. Industry
Industry and Local authorities
Local authorities
BARCELONE, Espagne
Innovative treatment of brines and an optimal
environmental footprint
The plant is a key element in the supply of drinking
water to the Barcelona region. It can produce up to
200,000 m3
of desalinated water per day, making
it the biggest desalination plant in Europe.
It was built in just two years and provides high-quality
water.
All the pilot studies and laboratory analyses were both
profitable for optimising the design and operating
costs, and minimising the impact of brines on the
marine environment.
Features
Innovative treatment
of brines by:
• mixing brines with
water treated by
the Baix Llobregat
wastewater
treatment plant;
• treating all brines
before dispersing
them more than 3 km
from pumping at a
depth of 50 metres.
Optimisation of the
plant’s environmental
footprint by:
• recovering energy
from the first reverse
osmosis pass using
a system of 23
PX220 ERI®
per rack;
• wind energy;
• photovoltaic panels
installed on the roofs
of all the buildings
and reservoirs.
This achieves annual
CO2 savings of over
850 tonnes.
desalination
plants built
worldwide.
255
RIYADH, Arabie Saoudite
Modular units in containers
33 brackish water desalination plants were installed
in just five months, at 14 sites, to treat the
165,000 m3
/day supplying drinking water to the
population of Riyadh and the surrounding area.
Features
• Modules in
containers with
an individual
capacity of
5,000 m3
/day;
• Each module
is composed of
five containers:
two for pre-
treatment on
dual media
filters, two for
treatment by
reverse osmosis
membranes
and one for final
treatment and
supply pumps;
• 26 containers
located at
13 sites, the
biggest being
at Salboukh
with a drinking
water production
capacity of
30,000 m3
/day;
• 7 containers
supply the site
of Al Buwaib with
35,000 m3
/day
of drinking water.
Collaboration
between the
experts of
Degrémont’s
entity in the
Middle East and
those from its
Water and Power
Technologies
subsidiary in the
United States,
a specialist in
modular units
in containers,
was the key to
accomplishing
this project,
which responds
to the local
authorities’ aim
of sustaining
strong
demographic
growth in
a country
of scarce
freshwater
resources.
Five containers
module
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8. [ References ]
MINERA ESCONDIDA, Chile
The reverse osmosis seawater desalination plant
at Minera Escondida (Chile’s second biggest copper
producer/exporter) produces 45,000 m3
/day of
process water for its mine in the Antofagasta region
at an altitude of 2,800 metres. Desalination enables
the mine’s production capacity to be increased to
meet the sector’s future development and at the
same time saves using surface water in this desert
area. Pre-treatment is carried out in various stages
integrating the SeadafTM
rapid flotation process
which is able to deal with the chronic “red tide”
phenomenon (proliferation of red microalgae).
FPSO PETROBRAS, Brazil
Two seawater desalination units and two
sulphate removal units are being supplied to
Keppels FELS, world leader in the design of
offshore platforms and specialist shipbuilder.
These systems will be used by Petrobras,
a Brazilian company engaged in the research,
extraction, refining, transportation and
sale of oil, which produces an average of
2.6 million barrels of oil equivalent per day.
They will equip two FPSO (floating production
storage and offloading) vessels for the
exploration and production of offshore oil
off the Brazilian coast.
Flagship realisations
for industry
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9. 2007Desalination plant
of the year
Perth (Kwinana), Australia
Desalination plant
of the year
(highly commended)
Wadi Zarqa Ma’in, Jordan
2010Desalination company
of the year
Desalination plant of the year
Barcelone-Llobregat, Spain
Desalination project
of the year
Victorian desalination plant,
Melbourne, Australia
Energy and Water, plant
of the year
Barka II, Oman
2012Water company
of the year
(distinction)
Desalination plant of the year
(highly commended)
Al Dur, Bahrain
2013Desalination company
of the year
(distinction)
Desalination plant of the year
Victorian desalination plant,
Melbourne, Australia
Global Water Awards*…
… recognition from our peers
KONIAMBO NICKEL SAS,
New Caledonia
The seawater desalination plant supplies the
Koniambo Nickel SAS complex, an industrial site
near Koné in New Caledonia, set to become one
of the word’s biggest nickel producers. Producing
129 m3
/h of drinking water and 53 m3
/h of
demineralised process water for boilers and
cooling circuits, this plant is vital for the growth
of Koniambo’s mining activity. The plant is
composed of 30 units, assembled, wired, tested
and fitted with remote entry/exit systems, the
necessary instrumentation and electrical control
cabinets, all totally automated. State-of-the-art
technologies for pressure exchangers (ERI) and
electrodeionisation are integrated in autonomous
units which meet oil and gas industry standards.
Omobile units were ordered to provide the excess
production needed during commissioning of the
plant and power station.
CHENGDU, China
The oil refining industry in China is facing
major challenges: rapid growth of the market,
increasingly limited water resources, and
increasingly rigorous legislation on discharge.
The principal challenge for Petrochina’s Chengdu
refinery was to have a treatment plant for
wastewater that would enable re-use of the
treated water as industrial process water.
The plant has a complex tertiary treatment
line with total capacity of 67,000 m3
/day.
The performance of this treatment has enabled a
reverse osmosis stage to be included on the main
water line. Separately, a specific treatment line
with capacity of 10,300 m3
/day, also by reverse
osmosis, is dedicated to the treatment of brines.
The quality of the treated water allows the reuse
of 23,300 m3
/day for the plant’s processes, saving
the region’s water resources and ensuring that the
wastewater discharged complies with regulations.
* Organised by the journal Global Water Intelligence, the Global Water Awards recognise excellence in business, projects and technologies, as well as teams
that have made the difference in the water treatment industry worldwide in the past year. They are judged by the water sector experts.
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10. [ Commitments ]
Technological cooperation
creates value and
differentiation
With its expertise in desalination and
experience acquired at numerous plants,
Degrémont teams up with appropriate
equipment manufacturers to develop and
optimise new treatment solutions, new
reverse osmosis membranes, new energy-
recovery systems and new sources of
alternative energy.
In addition, by calling on partners to
contribute know-how outside its own areas
of expertise, Degrémont has extended
its scope and competitiveness. Being
competitive is not just a question of price.
It also means acting on a whole set of
parameters such as timescales, quality and
technological differentiation.
Programmes with local
authorities and industry
Degrémont develops partnerships with
some of its major clients, especially through
research programmes and in the field of
social and environmental responsibility.
This approach helps Degrémont to
understand the challenges they face.
Customised associations
Degrémont is committed to Alliance
contracts with some of its clients,
especially for the joint management of
water and wastewater services, with the
aim of optimising costs and delivering
environmentally friendly performance.
Constantly listening to clients
Understanding their stakes, anticipating
their needs, innovating and controlling
costs… by being always in tune with its
clients, Degrémont can propose solutions
which match their objectives and address
the challenges that water represents for
them. In this way:
• local authorities can provide the population
with desalinated drinking water of
guaranteed hygienic quality, in accordance
with local health, safety and environmental
standards;
• industry can increase their
competitiveness thanks to reliable process
water and effective purification of their
effluent, while reducing environmental
impact and continuously complying with the
ever so stringent regulatory standards.
TO CONSOLIDATE AND ENHANCE THE ADDED VALUE OF ITS
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES, Degrémont is committed to genuine
partnerships and maintains constant dialogue with clients.
A partnership strategy
and a proximity
commitment
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11. Customers are the source of
anticipation and innovation
Degrémont’s global reach enables it to
anticipate and detect early indications of
major changes that will affect everyone with
an interest in desalination. At Degrémont,
innovating means putting customers and their
needs at the heart of the process. Degrémont’s
teams are perfectly positioned to analyse
evolving requirements, devise tomorrow’s
solutions and adapt to local conditions. This
approach is conducive to generating original
solutions – not only from a technological, but
also a financial, contractual and logistical
standpoint – that best respond to global or
local needs.
Dedicated specialist teams
Having desalination experts in design,
build, equipment and operation,
Degrémont is able to draw on the particular
skills of its employees for each project
to create a response that meets the
specific needs of its clients.
The commitment and motivation of its
teams enable Degrémont to deliver efficient
and reliable desalination plants and units
to its customers, within short timescales
and at an optimal capital and operating
cost, and to guarantee the quality of water
they require whether for consumption,
industry or agriculture.
Responsible involvement at all
stages of the project
For example, by signing a BOT contract,
Degrémont is committed:
• over the long term, from design, during
operation and through to transferring the
plant;
• to integrating responsibility for raising the
necessary finance;
• to establishing the legal framework for the
project;
• to securing completion of the project by
involving selected partners to contribute
added technical or financial value, specific
know-how and local knowledge.
A BOT contract involves Degrémont in
long-term commitment and service to the
customer, guaranteeing the performance
of the plant in terms of volume and quality
of the treated water.
A culture of innovation
and industrial
excellence
Degrémont is the first company in the sector to obtain
GoodCorporationTM
certification. First obtained in 2009, this
certification was renewed in 2011 and 2012. It is a label certifying
responsible practice based on an audit of an organisation’s
management with regard to its stakeholders (customers,
suppliers, employees, etc.), protection of the environment and its
contribution to the community.
GoodCorporationTM
DEGRÉMONT CREATES THE BEST TECHNOLOGICAL, COMMERCIAL,
LOGISTICAL, FINANCIAL AND CONTRACTUAL SOLUTIONS to address its
clients’ requirements.
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