The document discusses different types of dental crowns such as porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns, all-ceramic crowns, and gold alloy crowns, explaining that crowns are fixed prosthetics used to cover and strengthen damaged teeth or dental implants and improve appearance. It also compares analog and digital dental lab workflows, noting that digital workflows using intraoral scanning and CAD/CAM design and milling can provide improved speed and accuracy over traditional analog methods.

1. Dental Lab Basics
By: Lokender Yadav

2. Crown?
• A dental crown (also referred to as a cap) is a fixed prosthetic object
that is cemented onto a tooth

3. Purpose of Crown
• To cover a damaged tooth,
• To cover Dental Implant
• It also strengthens it,
• improving its overall appearance and alignment in the mouth.

4. Types of Crown
• All ceramic (porcelain-based).
• Porcelain fused to metal.
• Gold alloys.
• Base metal alloys.

5. What is PFM?
• Full form : Porcelain-fused-to-metal
• A metal alloy is used to create a thin cap ("substructure") that fits
over the tooth.
• Porcelain is then fused over the substructure to form the shape of the
crown and give it a white tooth-like appearance.

7. PFM vs others
• Advantages of PFM's vs. all-metal crowns.(appearance)
• Advantages of PFM's vs. all-ceramic crowns(Strength)

8. Disadvantage of PFM
• They may wear opposing teeth.
• Porcelain breakage
• Challenges in creating a truly lifelike look.(Chalky White)

9. Others….

10. What else….
• Veneers
• Onlays
• Inlays

11. Veneers.. a crown in which the restoration is
placed over the prepared surface of a natural
crown.

12. Onlays & Inlays

13. Clinic to Crown ……

14. Process..
Clinic
impression
Lab
Crown
(Prosthesis)

15. Digital Vs Analog Dentistry
Speed Accuracy

16. Analog or Classical Approach
Wax-up Casting Layering Final Crown
Hard model

18. Digital Workflow(SDM)
Scan
Design
manufacture

19. Scan
• Scope 1:
Polyvinyl
Siloxane(Physical
impression)
Physical Transfer Lab Scanner
Speed & Accuracy factors are under risk……

20. Scan
• Scope 2:
IOS
Cloud
Transfer
Design
Speed & Accuracy factors are enforced……

21. Design
Digital
Impression I/P
Simulation Validation

22. Manufacturing
Designed
File I/P
Milling Sintering Finishing

23. Complete CAD-CAM Work Flow
Step1
Prep(C)
Step2
Scan(C)
Step3
Design(L)
Step4
Mill(L)
Step5
Seat(C)