This document summarizes a study on the densification and deformation behavior of sintered powder metallurgy copper-7% tungsten composite during cold upsetting. The study evaluated the effect of initial preform density and aspect ratio on the densification properties. Preforms with an initial theoretical density of 0.85 and aspect ratios of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 were upset at 750°C. Properties like linear strain, lateral strain, and true stress were evaluated. Results showed that composites obtained higher stress and strain values than pure tungsten powder. The composite with the lowest initial aspect ratio of 0.4 achieved the highest stress and strain.
The document describes an experimental study of the tribological properties of commercially pure titanium with different microstructures and coatings. The results show that titanium with an ultrafine-grained structure produced through severe plastic deformation has lower friction coefficient values and higher load-bearing capacity compared to coarse-grained titanium. Titanium samples coated with TiC using ion plasma spraying or TiO2 using microarc oxidation also exhibited lower friction coefficients than uncoated samples. The study provides data on friction coefficients and shear strengths of coated and uncoated titanium with different grain sizes.
This study examined the effect of temperature and graphite content on the microstructure and density of iron-based powder metallurgy parts. Specimens were produced with graphite contents ranging from 0-10% and sintered at temperatures of 700, 850, and 1000°C. Microstructural analysis found that increasing graphite led to changes from ferrite to pearlite phases. Maximum density was found between 2-5% graphite content at 850°C. Higher temperatures and graphite levels produced white and gray cast iron microstructures on specimen surfaces.
Flexural Fatigue of Steel SAE 1040 and GFRP Automotive Anti Roll BarsPadmanabhan Krishnan
This document summarizes numerical and experimental investigations on the flexural fatigue behavior of glass/epoxy composite and SAE 1040 steel tubes for automotive applications. Static and fatigue flexural tests were conducted on composite and steel tube specimens. The composite specimens exhibited matrix cracking and delamination under static loading and additional damage like fiber pull-out under higher fatigue loads. Steel specimens showed plain morphology under lower fatigue loads but cracks and severe damage under higher loads. Finite element analysis using ANSYS was also conducted to predict fatigue life. Scanning electron microscopy revealed failure mechanisms like cracking and striations. Composite tubes showed potential to withstand high cycle fatigue loading.
Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Rheocat Al-5.7Si-2Cu-0.3Mg AlloyDr. Manal Abdullatif
In this study, the effect of improved microstructure of Al-5.7Si-2Cu-0.3Mg alloys by using semisolid process on hardness and dry sliding wear behaviour were investigated. The microstructures of conventional cast alloy were totally dendritic, while in rheocasting the dendrit-ic transfer to fine globular microstructures after using cooling slope casting. Tribological tests were carried out by using a pin-on-disc apparatus in dry sliding conditions. Wear tests were at low sliding speed 1ms-1 ,applied load at 50N and three different sliding distance (i.e., 1.8Km, 5.4Km and 9Km) respectively. An optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope were used to examine the micro-structure and to understand the wear mechanism on the worn surface of both samples. The results showed that, the wear resistance of rheocast alloy was improved and higher than that those produce by conventional casting. The volume loss of rheocast alloy show reduc-tion more than 18% at 1.8Km and 10% at 9Km compared to as-cast alloy. Moderate wear regimes were appeared in both alloys, accord-ing to the range of wear rate. The friction coefficient had increased due to increase in the contact point between pin and disc materials. The dominant wear mechanism for conventional and rheocasting alloys was adhesion wear and abrasive wear respectively.
The developing of the composite materials produce a new generations Functionally graded material (FGM) where the materials characteristics are changing linearly depending to the composition materials variations. However, this piece of research presents an attemp to design, manufacturing and multi Ti/TiO2 combined characterization into each functionally graded materials. The supposed in this design is to better the general Ti/TiO2 characteristics. These materials were designed in order to contain a compositional differences or a gradually microstructure within the body in one piece or single material.
The document summarizes an experimental study that evaluated the effect of ferroboron content, welding current, and average welding speed on the microhardness of mild steel plates hardfaced using shielded metal arc welding with a ferroboron paste coating. Taguchi's method was used to design the experiment with three factors (ferroboron content, welding current, average welding speed) each at three levels. Microhardness tests found that microhardness increased with increasing ferroboron content and average welding speed, but decreased with increasing welding current. Analysis of variance identified ferroboron content as having the most significant effect on microhardness. The optimum parameters for maximum microhardness were determined to be 12 mg/mm2 ferro
Tribological Investigation of PTFE, Tin Bronze and White MetalIRJET Journal
The document investigates the tribological properties of PTFE, tin bronze, and white metal materials for use in journal bearings. Tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc tribometer to measure the wear and coefficient of friction of the materials under varying loads and sliding speeds in dry conditions. The results were compared between the materials to determine their suitability for heavy industrial applications where dry sliding conditions can occur. Prior research on the tribological behavior of PTFE composites, tin-based alloys, and other bearing materials is also reviewed to provide context and motivation for the study.
This document discusses the effect of preform geometry on material behavior and densification during hot upset forging of sintered AISI 9840 steel powder metal parts. Powder blends were prepared with different compositions and compacted into preforms with varying initial aspect ratios between 0.45-0.92. The preforms were sintered and hot forged to different height strains. Results showed that lower aspect ratio preforms densified more rapidly than higher ratios. Densification curves followed a third order polynomial relationship with height strain. Preform geometry significantly affected the densification curves and Poisson's ratio with density.
The document describes an experimental study of the tribological properties of commercially pure titanium with different microstructures and coatings. The results show that titanium with an ultrafine-grained structure produced through severe plastic deformation has lower friction coefficient values and higher load-bearing capacity compared to coarse-grained titanium. Titanium samples coated with TiC using ion plasma spraying or TiO2 using microarc oxidation also exhibited lower friction coefficients than uncoated samples. The study provides data on friction coefficients and shear strengths of coated and uncoated titanium with different grain sizes.
This study examined the effect of temperature and graphite content on the microstructure and density of iron-based powder metallurgy parts. Specimens were produced with graphite contents ranging from 0-10% and sintered at temperatures of 700, 850, and 1000°C. Microstructural analysis found that increasing graphite led to changes from ferrite to pearlite phases. Maximum density was found between 2-5% graphite content at 850°C. Higher temperatures and graphite levels produced white and gray cast iron microstructures on specimen surfaces.
Flexural Fatigue of Steel SAE 1040 and GFRP Automotive Anti Roll BarsPadmanabhan Krishnan
This document summarizes numerical and experimental investigations on the flexural fatigue behavior of glass/epoxy composite and SAE 1040 steel tubes for automotive applications. Static and fatigue flexural tests were conducted on composite and steel tube specimens. The composite specimens exhibited matrix cracking and delamination under static loading and additional damage like fiber pull-out under higher fatigue loads. Steel specimens showed plain morphology under lower fatigue loads but cracks and severe damage under higher loads. Finite element analysis using ANSYS was also conducted to predict fatigue life. Scanning electron microscopy revealed failure mechanisms like cracking and striations. Composite tubes showed potential to withstand high cycle fatigue loading.
Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Rheocat Al-5.7Si-2Cu-0.3Mg AlloyDr. Manal Abdullatif
In this study, the effect of improved microstructure of Al-5.7Si-2Cu-0.3Mg alloys by using semisolid process on hardness and dry sliding wear behaviour were investigated. The microstructures of conventional cast alloy were totally dendritic, while in rheocasting the dendrit-ic transfer to fine globular microstructures after using cooling slope casting. Tribological tests were carried out by using a pin-on-disc apparatus in dry sliding conditions. Wear tests were at low sliding speed 1ms-1 ,applied load at 50N and three different sliding distance (i.e., 1.8Km, 5.4Km and 9Km) respectively. An optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope were used to examine the micro-structure and to understand the wear mechanism on the worn surface of both samples. The results showed that, the wear resistance of rheocast alloy was improved and higher than that those produce by conventional casting. The volume loss of rheocast alloy show reduc-tion more than 18% at 1.8Km and 10% at 9Km compared to as-cast alloy. Moderate wear regimes were appeared in both alloys, accord-ing to the range of wear rate. The friction coefficient had increased due to increase in the contact point between pin and disc materials. The dominant wear mechanism for conventional and rheocasting alloys was adhesion wear and abrasive wear respectively.
The developing of the composite materials produce a new generations Functionally graded material (FGM) where the materials characteristics are changing linearly depending to the composition materials variations. However, this piece of research presents an attemp to design, manufacturing and multi Ti/TiO2 combined characterization into each functionally graded materials. The supposed in this design is to better the general Ti/TiO2 characteristics. These materials were designed in order to contain a compositional differences or a gradually microstructure within the body in one piece or single material.
The document summarizes an experimental study that evaluated the effect of ferroboron content, welding current, and average welding speed on the microhardness of mild steel plates hardfaced using shielded metal arc welding with a ferroboron paste coating. Taguchi's method was used to design the experiment with three factors (ferroboron content, welding current, average welding speed) each at three levels. Microhardness tests found that microhardness increased with increasing ferroboron content and average welding speed, but decreased with increasing welding current. Analysis of variance identified ferroboron content as having the most significant effect on microhardness. The optimum parameters for maximum microhardness were determined to be 12 mg/mm2 ferro
Tribological Investigation of PTFE, Tin Bronze and White MetalIRJET Journal
The document investigates the tribological properties of PTFE, tin bronze, and white metal materials for use in journal bearings. Tests were conducted using a pin-on-disc tribometer to measure the wear and coefficient of friction of the materials under varying loads and sliding speeds in dry conditions. The results were compared between the materials to determine their suitability for heavy industrial applications where dry sliding conditions can occur. Prior research on the tribological behavior of PTFE composites, tin-based alloys, and other bearing materials is also reviewed to provide context and motivation for the study.
This document discusses the effect of preform geometry on material behavior and densification during hot upset forging of sintered AISI 9840 steel powder metal parts. Powder blends were prepared with different compositions and compacted into preforms with varying initial aspect ratios between 0.45-0.92. The preforms were sintered and hot forged to different height strains. Results showed that lower aspect ratio preforms densified more rapidly than higher ratios. Densification curves followed a third order polynomial relationship with height strain. Preform geometry significantly affected the densification curves and Poisson's ratio with density.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This study investigated gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding of pure titanium sheets. Tensile, flexural, and microhardness tests were conducted on GTA welded samples. Microstructural analysis using optical microscopy and SEM was also performed. The results showed that the GTA welded samples had higher microhardness values and tensile/flexural strengths than the base pure titanium material. However, the strengths of the GTA welded samples were still lower than the base material due to cracks and oxide structures observed in the weld zone. Microstructural analysis revealed coarse columnar grains in the weld zone and finer equiaxed grains in the base material.
Dry sliding studies of porosity on sintered cu based brake materialsIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the effect of sintering temperature and porosity on the dry sliding wear behavior of copper-based brake materials. Samples were sintered at temperatures of 850, 900, and 950°C and tested. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the highest sintering temperature of 950°C resulted in the lowest porosity of 14.04% and lowest wear rate, with a smooth surface formed by iron particles. Higher porosity samples exhibited higher wear rates, with abrasive scratches and delamination flakes observed. The optimal porosity and wear resistance was obtained at 950°C.
This document discusses characterization of metal matrix composite properties by adding bronze and fly ash. It describes producing bronze-fly ash composites with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% fly ash content using stir casting. Testing found that hardness and tensile strength increased with higher fly ash content, while density decreased. Microstructural analysis using SEM showed fly ash was distributed throughout the matrix. In conclusion, fly ash up to 20% can be added to bronze composites through stir casting, increasing properties like hardness and tensile strength.
- The document experimentally investigates and optimizes welding parameters for TIG welding of 7005 aluminium alloy. TIG welding was used to weld 5mm thick 7005 aluminium alloy plates while varying the welding parameters.
- Welding current, gas flow rate, welding speed, and electrode gap were selected as input parameters to study their effect on the tensile strength and hardness of the welded joints, which were selected as output responses.
- An L9 orthogonal array based on Taguchi methods was used to design the welding experiments. The experiments analyzed the effect of parameters on tensile strength and hardness using signal-to-noise ratios. Welding current was found to have the greatest influence on tensile
This document reviews the effect of adding Al2O3 nano-particles on the mechanical properties of aluminium-based alloys. It discusses how aluminium/Al2O3 nano-metal matrix composites can be produced using stir casting and powder metallurgy techniques. The mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength and compressive strength of the composites increase with the addition of Al2O3 nano-particles up to 3-4% due to uniform dispersion and load transfer. However, agglomeration of particles occurs at higher loadings reducing the mechanical properties. The document concludes that addition of Al2O3 nano-particles up to 3% improves the mechanical properties of aluminium alloys.
Improving Mechanical Properties of AL 7075 alloy by Equal Channel Angular Ext...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
This document describes research into producing crack-free functionally graded materials (FGMs) composed of stainless steel 316L and alumina through spark plasma sintering (SPS). Initial experiments studied sintering the individual powders and their composites to determine optimal SPS conditions that yielded high density. Subsequent experiments fabricated FGM pellets with varying numbers of interlayers but still encountered cracking near alumina-rich layers. Adding yttrium-stabilized zirconia to the interlayers helped reduce cracking by lowering residual stresses. A crack-free FGM pellet was successfully produced using 19 interlayers between the stainless steel and alumina ends, with the hardness varying steadily throughout the gradient.
Dr.R.Narayanasamy, Dr.S.Sivasankaran and Dr.K.Siva Prasad on Mechanical AlloyingDr.Ramaswamy Narayanasamy
The document outlines a study on the synthesis, characterization, and workability behavior of nanocrystalline AA6061 alloy reinforced with TiO2 composite prepared by mechanical alloying. It describes the experimental procedures used to produce microcomposite and nanocomposite powders, and characterize their properties including morphology, particle size, flow characteristics, compressibility, and mechanical strength. The objectives are to investigate the effect of TiO2 reinforcement content and particle size on the composite properties and deformation behavior.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
This document summarizes a study characterizing functionally graded Al-SiCp metal matrix composites manufactured by centrifugal casting. The study investigated the microstructure and distribution of SiC particles through the composite thickness under different manufacturing conditions. It was found that larger particle sizes and higher rotational speeds led to higher particle concentrations in the outer zones. Higher axial feeding speeds also increased outer zone particle concentration. Hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance generally increased with higher SiC particle weight fractions and were highest in the outer zones where particle concentration was also highest.
This document provides an overview of functionally graded materials (FGMs). It discusses that FGMs are materials that have a gradual, continuous change in composition and properties across their volume, as seen in nature. The document outlines the history of FGMs, introduces their characteristics including continuous property variation, and describes various processing methods used to manufacture them like powder metallurgy and deposition techniques. Finally, the document discusses applications of FGMs in fields like aerospace, electronics, and biomedicine and notes challenges in developing FGM models and reducing costs.
This document discusses the development and characterization of polymer-ceramic composite materials with continuous fiber reinforcement and functionally graded properties for aerospace applications. Specifically, it examines quartz fabric-reinforced composites with a silicone resin and fused silica powder matrix that is compositionally graded across the thickness. The composites demonstrated improved mechanical and thermal properties over non-graded materials, including high flexural strength, low thermal expansion, and the ability to withstand high heating rates without delamination or charring. The results suggest these functionally graded composites are promising candidates for reusable high-temperature aerospace structures.
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested various materials for their suitability as implant materials. Pin-on-disc testing was conducted to analyze the tribological properties of five different materials - metals, ceramics and polymers. The experiments found that polymers exhibited better tribological performance than other materials tested under the given parameters due to their mechanical and medical properties. Specifically, wear volume and coefficient of friction were measured over time for different materials, including alumina and brass. Alumina showed higher wear resistance but brass had lower frictional force. The study aimed to find alternative implant materials to replace traditionally used metals that have limitations such as biocompatibility issues.
1. The document analyzes the modeling and simulation of a closed loop controlled switched mode power supply (SMPS) system. It presents models for the DC-DC converter and inverter circuits used in SMPS.
2. Differential equations are provided to model the DC-DC converter circuit. State space equations are then derived to model the inverter circuit and induction motor load.
3. The models for the DC-DC converter, inverter, and motor are combined into an overall state space model of the entire SMPS system to allow for analysis and control system design.
Instruction level parallelism using ppm branch predictionIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an approach to instruction level parallelism using prediction by partial matching (PPM) branch prediction. It proposes a hybrid PPM-based branch predictor that uses both local and global branch histories. The two predictors are combined using a neural network. Key aspects of the implementation include:
1. Using local and global history PPM predictors and combining their predictions with a neural network.
2. Enhancements to the basic PPM approach like program counter tagging, efficient history encoding using run-length encoding, tracking pattern bias, and dynamic pattern length selection.
3. Details of the global history PPM predictor including the use of tables and linked lists to store patterns of different lengths and handle collisions
A new approach for design of cmos based cascode current mirror for asp applic...IAEME Publication
This document discusses a new approach for designing a CMOS-based cascode current mirror circuit for analog signal processing applications. It begins by introducing current mirrors and their importance as core structures in analog, digital, and mixed-signal circuits. It then reviews different configurations of basic current mirror circuits and discusses how cascode configurations can improve performance by maintaining constant voltages. The document proposes an innovative cascode current mirror circuit and evaluates its performance through simulation using a 0.13 micron CMOS technology.
Comparison and analysis of combining techniques for spatial multiplexing spac...IAEME Publication
This document compares different combining techniques for space-time block coded systems in Rayleigh fading channels. It finds that maximum ratio combining outperforms other techniques like equal gain combining and selection combining for any space-time block code configuration, providing the best bit error rate. The document provides background on space-time block codes, describes the Alamouti space-time code, and discusses various receive diversity combining techniques.
Numerical computation of eigenenergy and transmission coefficient of symmetri...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on numerically computing the eigenenergy and transmission coefficient of a symmetric quantum double barrier structure with variable effective mass under an applied electric field. The study uses the transfer matrix method to solve Schrodinger's equation for a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs material system. It finds that eigenenergy decreases nonlinearly with increasing electric field. Transmission coefficient decreases with increasing barrier thickness or height but can occur at lower energies with increasing well thickness. The existence of higher quasi-bound states is also observed.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
This study investigated gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding of pure titanium sheets. Tensile, flexural, and microhardness tests were conducted on GTA welded samples. Microstructural analysis using optical microscopy and SEM was also performed. The results showed that the GTA welded samples had higher microhardness values and tensile/flexural strengths than the base pure titanium material. However, the strengths of the GTA welded samples were still lower than the base material due to cracks and oxide structures observed in the weld zone. Microstructural analysis revealed coarse columnar grains in the weld zone and finer equiaxed grains in the base material.
Dry sliding studies of porosity on sintered cu based brake materialsIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on the effect of sintering temperature and porosity on the dry sliding wear behavior of copper-based brake materials. Samples were sintered at temperatures of 850, 900, and 950°C and tested. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the highest sintering temperature of 950°C resulted in the lowest porosity of 14.04% and lowest wear rate, with a smooth surface formed by iron particles. Higher porosity samples exhibited higher wear rates, with abrasive scratches and delamination flakes observed. The optimal porosity and wear resistance was obtained at 950°C.
This document discusses characterization of metal matrix composite properties by adding bronze and fly ash. It describes producing bronze-fly ash composites with 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% fly ash content using stir casting. Testing found that hardness and tensile strength increased with higher fly ash content, while density decreased. Microstructural analysis using SEM showed fly ash was distributed throughout the matrix. In conclusion, fly ash up to 20% can be added to bronze composites through stir casting, increasing properties like hardness and tensile strength.
- The document experimentally investigates and optimizes welding parameters for TIG welding of 7005 aluminium alloy. TIG welding was used to weld 5mm thick 7005 aluminium alloy plates while varying the welding parameters.
- Welding current, gas flow rate, welding speed, and electrode gap were selected as input parameters to study their effect on the tensile strength and hardness of the welded joints, which were selected as output responses.
- An L9 orthogonal array based on Taguchi methods was used to design the welding experiments. The experiments analyzed the effect of parameters on tensile strength and hardness using signal-to-noise ratios. Welding current was found to have the greatest influence on tensile
This document reviews the effect of adding Al2O3 nano-particles on the mechanical properties of aluminium-based alloys. It discusses how aluminium/Al2O3 nano-metal matrix composites can be produced using stir casting and powder metallurgy techniques. The mechanical properties like hardness, tensile strength and compressive strength of the composites increase with the addition of Al2O3 nano-particles up to 3-4% due to uniform dispersion and load transfer. However, agglomeration of particles occurs at higher loadings reducing the mechanical properties. The document concludes that addition of Al2O3 nano-particles up to 3% improves the mechanical properties of aluminium alloys.
Improving Mechanical Properties of AL 7075 alloy by Equal Channel Angular Ext...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
This document describes research into producing crack-free functionally graded materials (FGMs) composed of stainless steel 316L and alumina through spark plasma sintering (SPS). Initial experiments studied sintering the individual powders and their composites to determine optimal SPS conditions that yielded high density. Subsequent experiments fabricated FGM pellets with varying numbers of interlayers but still encountered cracking near alumina-rich layers. Adding yttrium-stabilized zirconia to the interlayers helped reduce cracking by lowering residual stresses. A crack-free FGM pellet was successfully produced using 19 interlayers between the stainless steel and alumina ends, with the hardness varying steadily throughout the gradient.
Dr.R.Narayanasamy, Dr.S.Sivasankaran and Dr.K.Siva Prasad on Mechanical AlloyingDr.Ramaswamy Narayanasamy
The document outlines a study on the synthesis, characterization, and workability behavior of nanocrystalline AA6061 alloy reinforced with TiO2 composite prepared by mechanical alloying. It describes the experimental procedures used to produce microcomposite and nanocomposite powders, and characterize their properties including morphology, particle size, flow characteristics, compressibility, and mechanical strength. The objectives are to investigate the effect of TiO2 reinforcement content and particle size on the composite properties and deformation behavior.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
This document summarizes a study characterizing functionally graded Al-SiCp metal matrix composites manufactured by centrifugal casting. The study investigated the microstructure and distribution of SiC particles through the composite thickness under different manufacturing conditions. It was found that larger particle sizes and higher rotational speeds led to higher particle concentrations in the outer zones. Higher axial feeding speeds also increased outer zone particle concentration. Hardness, tensile strength, and wear resistance generally increased with higher SiC particle weight fractions and were highest in the outer zones where particle concentration was also highest.
This document provides an overview of functionally graded materials (FGMs). It discusses that FGMs are materials that have a gradual, continuous change in composition and properties across their volume, as seen in nature. The document outlines the history of FGMs, introduces their characteristics including continuous property variation, and describes various processing methods used to manufacture them like powder metallurgy and deposition techniques. Finally, the document discusses applications of FGMs in fields like aerospace, electronics, and biomedicine and notes challenges in developing FGM models and reducing costs.
This document discusses the development and characterization of polymer-ceramic composite materials with continuous fiber reinforcement and functionally graded properties for aerospace applications. Specifically, it examines quartz fabric-reinforced composites with a silicone resin and fused silica powder matrix that is compositionally graded across the thickness. The composites demonstrated improved mechanical and thermal properties over non-graded materials, including high flexural strength, low thermal expansion, and the ability to withstand high heating rates without delamination or charring. The results suggest these functionally graded composites are promising candidates for reusable high-temperature aerospace structures.
This document summarizes an experimental study that tested various materials for their suitability as implant materials. Pin-on-disc testing was conducted to analyze the tribological properties of five different materials - metals, ceramics and polymers. The experiments found that polymers exhibited better tribological performance than other materials tested under the given parameters due to their mechanical and medical properties. Specifically, wear volume and coefficient of friction were measured over time for different materials, including alumina and brass. Alumina showed higher wear resistance but brass had lower frictional force. The study aimed to find alternative implant materials to replace traditionally used metals that have limitations such as biocompatibility issues.
1. The document analyzes the modeling and simulation of a closed loop controlled switched mode power supply (SMPS) system. It presents models for the DC-DC converter and inverter circuits used in SMPS.
2. Differential equations are provided to model the DC-DC converter circuit. State space equations are then derived to model the inverter circuit and induction motor load.
3. The models for the DC-DC converter, inverter, and motor are combined into an overall state space model of the entire SMPS system to allow for analysis and control system design.
Instruction level parallelism using ppm branch predictionIAEME Publication
This document summarizes an approach to instruction level parallelism using prediction by partial matching (PPM) branch prediction. It proposes a hybrid PPM-based branch predictor that uses both local and global branch histories. The two predictors are combined using a neural network. Key aspects of the implementation include:
1. Using local and global history PPM predictors and combining their predictions with a neural network.
2. Enhancements to the basic PPM approach like program counter tagging, efficient history encoding using run-length encoding, tracking pattern bias, and dynamic pattern length selection.
3. Details of the global history PPM predictor including the use of tables and linked lists to store patterns of different lengths and handle collisions
A new approach for design of cmos based cascode current mirror for asp applic...IAEME Publication
This document discusses a new approach for designing a CMOS-based cascode current mirror circuit for analog signal processing applications. It begins by introducing current mirrors and their importance as core structures in analog, digital, and mixed-signal circuits. It then reviews different configurations of basic current mirror circuits and discusses how cascode configurations can improve performance by maintaining constant voltages. The document proposes an innovative cascode current mirror circuit and evaluates its performance through simulation using a 0.13 micron CMOS technology.
Comparison and analysis of combining techniques for spatial multiplexing spac...IAEME Publication
This document compares different combining techniques for space-time block coded systems in Rayleigh fading channels. It finds that maximum ratio combining outperforms other techniques like equal gain combining and selection combining for any space-time block code configuration, providing the best bit error rate. The document provides background on space-time block codes, describes the Alamouti space-time code, and discusses various receive diversity combining techniques.
Numerical computation of eigenenergy and transmission coefficient of symmetri...IAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on numerically computing the eigenenergy and transmission coefficient of a symmetric quantum double barrier structure with variable effective mass under an applied electric field. The study uses the transfer matrix method to solve Schrodinger's equation for a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs material system. It finds that eigenenergy decreases nonlinearly with increasing electric field. Transmission coefficient decreases with increasing barrier thickness or height but can occur at lower energies with increasing well thickness. The existence of higher quasi-bound states is also observed.
Electromagnetic studies on nano sized magnesium ferriteIAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on the electromagnetic properties of nano-sized magnesium ferrite synthesized using microwave techniques. Key findings include:
1) Magnetic properties were measured using VSM which showed the material has a high coercivity of 785.12 Oe, classifying it as a hard magnetic material.
2) Dielectric measurements found the ac conductivity and dielectric constant decreased with increasing frequency. Both increased with temperature initially before decreasing.
3) The dielectric loss showed expected dispersion behavior, decreasing with frequency and generally increasing with temperature.
4) A high quality factor of 150 was obtained, higher than for bulk ferrites, indicating potential applications in microwave devices.
Estimation of bitlength of transformed quantized residueIAEME Publication
This document proposes a method to estimate the bitlength of transformed and quantized residue coefficients and syntax elements for mode decision in H.264 baseline encoding. It aims to reduce the computational complexity of calculating rate-distortion cost (RD-Cost) by estimating bitlengths without fully encoding bitstreams. The key aspects are:
1) It classifies residue coefficients and estimates bitlength for coefficient types like Luma_4x4, Luma DC, Luma AC, Chroma DC, and Chroma AC based on coding tables and context like neighboring coefficients.
2) It estimates bitlengths for syntax elements like macroblock type, prediction modes, and motion vectors based on Exp-Golomb coding tables
Spatial and temporal study of a mechanical and harmonic vibration by high spe...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes a study that uses high-speed optical interferometry to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of vibrations in a mechanically excited rectangular metal plate. A high-speed CMOS camera captures 4000 frames per second of the plate's free vibration. An algorithm is used to extract phase maps from the interferograms, showing the plate's deformation over time and allowing reconstruction of the vibration cycle. Simulated results demonstrate the technique's ability to measure an unknown vibration using 12 sample interferograms without synchronization requirements.
Significance of integrated taxonomy approach in diverse liver chaosesIAEME Publication
1) The document discusses using data mining classification algorithms to identify the type of liver disease from patient data.
2) It evaluates the performance of four algorithms: First Order Inductive Learner (FOIL), Classification Based on Association (CBA), Classification based on Multiple Association Rules (CMAR), and Classification based on Predictive Association Rules (CPAR).
3) The data collected from patients includes liver function tests, other health factors like diabetes and obesity, alcohol consumption, and the diagnosed disease class. This data undergoes preprocessing to reduce dimensions before model building.
Patent data clustering a measuring unit for innovatorsIAEME Publication
This document discusses patent data clustering algorithms. It begins with an introduction to patent data and clustering. It then describes limitations of traditional clustering algorithms like K-means and discusses the need for new dynamic algorithms that can handle clusters of varying shapes and densities. The document proposes a new patent data clustering algorithm based on K-medoids that considers both interconnectivity and closeness between clusters to group similar patents together.
This document summarizes a research paper on security issues related to cloud computing for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). The paper discusses how MSMEs have started adopting cloud computing solutions to improve operations and cope with challenges from increasing competition. While cloud computing provides benefits like efficient applications and flexibility, security poses challenges when storing data remotely with unknown providers. The paper focuses on analyzing security risks for MSMEs adopting cloud technologies and identifying their needs, requirements, and expectations around cloud computing services.
El documento describe los 11 pasos para ensamblar una computadora, incluyendo colocar la placa base, atornillarla en la caja, agregar memoria RAM, tarjetas PCI, unidades de disco duro y ópticas, conectar cables, e instalar la fuente de alimentación antes de probar el hardware.
Este documento presenta un proyecto de aula para desarrollar la lateralidad en niños de 2 y 3 años de educación básica general. El proyecto consta de 5 fases: 1) fase previa, 2) planificación, 3) ejecución, 4) evaluación y justificación, y 5) realimentación. La fase de planificación incluye actividades como identificar partes del cuerpo, ejercicios unilaterales y simultáneos, y lectura de imágenes para determinar la lateralidad de los niños. La evaluación medirá el
El documento trata sobre la percepción visual y sus procesos psicológicos básicos. Explica que la percepción implica la integración de estímulos sensoriales y su interpretación basada en experiencias pasadas y factores internos. También describe leyes de la Gestalt que guían la agrupación visual y ilusiones ópticas que demuestran limitaciones en la percepción.
Mobile Field Service Solution for GSU Enercen 2005Thomas Wesseling
For an energy services company Mr. Wesseling delivered a mobile field service application for field engineers servicing electronic heaters and boilers. Using this mobile application the productivity of the field engineers has improved tremendously. The company can reach a higher service level and reduce the number of paper forms used in the field service process.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Calendario Juvenil Preferente temporada 2013/2014mariodelasanta
The document is a calendar for a youth soccer league in Gran Canaria consisting of 12 matchdays played between August 2013 and November 2013. It lists the dates, times, and participating teams for each match. The league involves teams from various cities and municipalities in Gran Canaria.
O documento discute várias atividades de animação ambiental que podem ser praticadas na região, incluindo slide, rappel, escalada, paintball e todo o terreno. Fornece detalhes sobre como cada atividade é praticada e quais os requisitos de segurança envolvidos. Também resume a história do desenvolvimento do veículo todo o terreno Jeep para uso militar e civil.
Las TIC son herramientas que procesan y presentan información de varias formas, representando un cambio en la educación y las relaciones sociales. El uso de las TIC en la educación permite lograr la alfabetización digital de los estudiantes, innovar en las prácticas educativas y aumentar la productividad. Las TIC brindan acceso rápido a conocimientos, generan interés en los estudiantes, facilitan el aprendizaje y permiten generar proyectos de calidad. Sin embargo, en algunos casos alargan los tiempos de
Wear Analysis of Al7068 Metal Matrix Composite Reinforced with Silicon NitrideIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the wear performance of an aluminum alloy (Al7068) reinforced with silicon nitride at varying percentages. The composite material was fabricated using stir casting and tested using pin-on-disk wear analysis. The study found that adding silicon nitride improved the hardness and wear resistance of the aluminum alloy base material. Specifically, higher percentages of silicon nitride reinforcement resulted in less wear and better performance in applications involving friction and sliding contact. The composite material showed potential for use in automobile, aerospace, and marine applications requiring durability and strength.
This document reviews the friction stir welding (FSW) process. FSW is a solid-state welding technique invented in 1991 that uses a rotating tool to generate heat and plasticize materials being joined, allowing them to bond without melting. It can weld materials like aluminum alloys that are difficult to weld using conventional fusion welding. The document discusses the principles of FSW, factors that affect weld microstructure and properties like tool parameters and heat flow, and summarizes several studies that examined the effects of FSW parameters and post-weld treatments on mechanical properties and microstructure of welded aluminum alloys.
Study on Influence of heat treatment on Tribological properties of mild steeldbpublications
A study was made on the effect of heat treatment upon the mild steel. Total six samples were prepared for each test (hardness test, tensile test, microstructure test and wear test) from those two was tested as received and rest four were subjected to different heat treatment that are annealing and normalizing (heated on a temperature of 850 degree Celsius). The hardness of all sample was measured by Rockwell hardness testing machine. Wear measurement was done on pin-on disc wear machine. Tensometer was used to find out the ultimate stress and strain of the sample. The result of tensile test showed that the strength is decreased by heat treating and the surface hardness is also decreased by heat treatment. Microstructure of the mild steel specimens shows the grain boundary of the particles and the content of % of carbon present. It justifies the experimental results of tensile test and hardness test. Surface Hardness is the measure of resistance that any material applies. As the specimen gets soft on treating the hardness also gets decreased. Tensile strength of any specimen is specified as how much stress the material can withstand before breaking. As the metal gets soft after heat treatment the load required for breaking goes on decreasing. Wear test is carried out to see the variation in wear measurement and coefficient of friction as the mesh size of paper are varied. More soft the surface of material is more wear is seen and vice-versa.
Mechanism of Fracture in Friction Stir Processed Aluminium AlloyDr. Amarjeet Singh
Aluminium alloys are used for important
applications in reducing the weight of the component and
structure particularly associated with transport, marine,
and aerospace fields. Grain refinement by scandium (Sc)
addition can eliminate the casting defects and increase the
resistance to hot tearing for high strength aluminium alloys.
FSP for cast aluminium alloys have been focused and it has
great advantages including solid state microstructural
evolution, altering mechanical properties by optimizing
process parameters. These parameters are tool rotational
speeds (720, and 1000 rpm), traverse speeds (80, and 70
mm/min), and axial compressive force at 15 kN, etc. The
mechanical properties had been evaluated on FSPed
aluminium alloy with different microstructural conditions.
Fracture properties of aluminium alloys are very important
for industrial applications. Tensile and fracture toughness
properties were correlated to microstructural and
fractographic features of the aluminium alloys need to
explore their essential failure mechanisms.
Experimental Investigations on Tribiological Properties of 6061-T6 Al Alloy b...IJAEMSJORNAL
Microstructure and tribological properties of Al-TiB2 nano surface composite fabricated by Friction Stir Processing (FSP) were evaluated. To vary the percentage of TiB2 three different slot thickness viz. 1mm, 1.5 mm and 2mm were considered. Microstructural evaluations showed a nearly uniform distribution of TiB2 in the aluminium matrix after FSP with the addition of composite powder. Microhardness test results shoes FSW of Al6061-T6 alloy with 2mm groove width has more hardness. tribological properties were evaluated at two different sliding velocities 0.314m/s and 0.48m/s and results shows that at lower loads there is no much difference in wear rate of surface composite made with different slot sizes but with increase in load and sliding velocity wear rate was increased , however, larger slot Al6061-TiB2 Surface composites show better wear resistance.
IRJET- To Study Experimental Investigation & Wear Analysis Effects of Composi...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into the effects of adding MoS2 composite material on the wear properties of an Al 6082 aluminum alloy. Samples were produced with 2.5% and 5% MoS2 additions via stir casting. Pin-on-disc testing was conducted under varying load, speed, temperature and sliding distance conditions. The results show that adding MoS2 reduced the wear rate of the aluminum composite compared to the unreinforced alloy. The composite provides improved tribological properties for applications that require light weight and corrosion resistance such as in aerospace and automotive components.
EFFECT OF SHORT GLASS FIBER AND FILLERS ON DRY SLIDING WEAR BEHAVIOUR OF THER...IAEME Publication
The dry sliding wear behaviour of thermoplastic copolyester elastomer (TCE) reinforced with fibers and fillers were slid against a steel counter face of a pin-on-disc tribometer. The filler and fiber reinforcements used are polytetrafluroethylene (PTFE), short glass fiber (SGF), short carbon fiber (SCF), silicon carbide (SiC), and alumina (Al2O3). The parameters like filler content, sliding velocity and sliding distance on the specific wear rate have been investigated. In this study, a plan of experiments based on the techniques of Taguchi was performed to acquire data in a controlled way.
Effect of Preform Geometry on the Material Behaviour and the Densification Me...IJMER
The present investigation pertains to generate experimental data in order to establish the
influence of initial preform geometries on the material behaviour and the operative densification
mechanism/s during hot upsetforging of sintered AISI 9840 P/M Steel composition prepared from the
elemental powders. Powder blend corresponding to AISI 9840= C(0.4%), Mn(0.8%), Si(0.3%),
Ni(1.0%),Cr(0.8%), Mo(0.25%) and Fe(96.4%) composition was prepared on a pot mill and the
blending was carried out for a period' of 16hrs. while maintaining the powder to ball ratio 1.1: I by
weight. Compacts of 27.5mm diameter and 12 - 24mm heights were prepared from the aforesaid
blend in the density range of 84±1 percent of theoretical density by applying accurately controlled
pressures in the range of 460±10 MPa and by taking pre-weighed powders. Indigenously developed
ceramic coating was applied all over the compact surfaces and dried under an ambient conditions
for a period of 10- 12 hrs. These ceramic coated compacts were recoated 90° to the previous coating
and re- dried under the aforesaid conditions. These ceramic coated preforms were sintered in an
electric muffle furnace for a period of 90 minutes at 11500±10°C. Immediately after the completion
of the sintering schedule, the preforms corresponding to 0.45, 0.68 and 0.92 initial aspect ratios were
axially hot forged to different height strains. Analysis of the experimental data has revealed that the
lower aspect ratio preforms densified rapidly compared to higher aspect ratios and the densification
curves corresponded to a third order polynomial of the form:(ρf/ρth) = ao +al €h + a2€h2 +a3€h3;
where, €h= ln (Ho/Hf) and a0, al, a2 anda3 are empirically determined constants. Further analysis
has established that the Poisson's ratio would always remain less than one half and will have the
tendency to approach to a limiting value of 0.5 in the near vicinity of the theoretical density.
Influence of the preform geometry is established to be quite pronounced and has affected the
densification curves and Poisson's ratio with density
This document provides a review of the mechanical and tribological properties of stir cast aluminum matrix composites. It discusses how the stir casting process can incorporate particulate reinforcements like alumina, silicon carbide, and graphite into molten aluminum in a cheap and effective way. The document outlines that additions of alumina and silicon carbide have been shown to increase the mechanical properties and wear resistance of aluminum composites. It also reviews how modified stir casting techniques and use of hybrid reinforcements can further improve the distribution of particles and mechanical behavior of these materials.
Flexural strength also known as the bending strength which plays a vital role in the
industries where the heavy load application is implemented. The study reports show that
shotpeening technique considerably improves the mechanical properties of a material
such as hardness, fatigue strength, corrosion resistance, flexural (or) bending strength
etc. Here the shot material used for shotpeening is glass beads and the target material is
aluminum alloy of grade AA-2024 T3 which is widely used in the automobile and
aircraft industries due to its light weight and strength. The experimental results show
there is an improvement in the flexural strength of AA2024-T3material after
shotpeening
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF MAGNESIUM MATRIX COMPOSITE REINFORCED WITH TITA...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental investigation of magnesium matrix composites reinforced with titanium nitride nanoparticles. Powder metallurgy techniques including compaction, sintering, and hot extrusion were used to fabricate pure magnesium and magnesium reinforced with titanium nitride nanoparticles. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy showed that the titanium nitride nanoparticles were distributed within the magnesium matrix. Mechanical testing found that the addition of titanium nitride nanoparticles increased the density, ultimate tensile strength, and hardness of the magnesium composite compared to pure magnesium. The magnesium composite with 0.97 volume percent titanium nitride nanoparticles exhibited the highest strength properties.
Effect of short glass fiber and fillers on dry sliding wear behaviour of ther...IAEME Publication
The document summarizes research on the effect of short glass fiber and fillers on the dry sliding wear behavior of thermoplastic copolyester elastomer composites. Experiments were conducted using a Taguchi design of experiments with variables including filler content, sliding velocity, and sliding distance. Analysis of variance was used to determine the most influential parameters on specific wear rate. The experimental results showed that filler content had the greatest effect on specific wear rate, followed by sliding distance, while sliding velocity showed a negligible effect. Examination of worn surfaces revealed features associated with adhesion of the matrix to fibers as well as microcracking and debris formation.
Preparation of metal matrix composites by stir-casting methodiaemedu
The document discusses the preparation of aluminum silicon carbide (AlSiC) metal matrix composites using stir casting. It describes the stir casting process and experimental setup used. Six samples were prepared with varying silicon carbide content from 5-30% and tested for hardness, impact strength, and microstructure. The aim was to develop a low-cost composite material with good mechanical properties for engineering applications. Future work will involve design of experiments and analysis of variance to optimize parameters for the hardest composite sample.
Preparation of metal matrix composites by stir-casting methodIAEME Publication
The document discusses the preparation of metal-matrix composites (MMCs) using the stir-casting method. Specifically, it focuses on producing aluminum-silicon carbide (AlSiC) MMCs. Six samples were created with varying silicon carbide percentages from 5-30%. The samples were then tested for hardness, impact strength, and microscopic examination. Stir-casting is described as a process that involves continuously stirring reinforcing particles into molten metal before pouring and solidification. The document provides details on the equipment and process used, including a graphite crucible, coal-fired furnace, motorized stirrer, and raw materials of aluminum and silicon carbide.
Static and Transient Vibrational Analysis of Functionally Graded MaterialIRJET Journal
This document discusses static and transient vibrational analyses of functionally graded materials (FGMs) using finite element modeling. FGMs are composite materials with continuous variation of material properties, such as a ceramic-metal mixture. The analyses examine deflection, vibration frequencies, and transient response of FGM plates and shells under mechanical and thermal loads. Results show the material gradient and volume fractions significantly impact structural response. Finite element modeling using first-order shear deformation theory is employed to efficiently analyze the functionally graded structures.
This document discusses reinforced aluminum matrix composites (DRA materials). It begins by providing background on DRA materials, which consist of an aluminum alloy matrix reinforced with ceramic particles. The document then focuses on the properties of the aluminum alloy matrix (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu system) and reinforcing phase (typically SiC) used in sintered DRA materials. It describes the microstructure and strengthening mechanisms of the aluminum alloy matrix, and production techniques like powder metallurgy used to improve the alloy's properties. Finally, it introduces the concept of balancing reinforcing phase composition, morphology and volume fraction to optimize mechanical properties versus cost.
This document discusses reinforced aluminum matrix composites (DRA materials). It begins by providing background on DRA materials, which consist of an aluminum alloy matrix reinforced with ceramic particles. The document then focuses on the properties of sintered DRA materials with an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu matrix and SiC reinforcing phase. It describes the microstructure and properties of the aluminum alloy matrix, including the strengthening effects of various precipitates. It also briefly discusses selection and properties of reinforcing phases in DRA materials.
A novel aluminum based nanocomposite with high strength and good ductilityHossein Ramezanalizadeh
This document summarizes a research study that fabricated an aluminum-based nanocomposite containing nano-sized Al3Mg2 reinforcing particles. Aluminum and Al3Mg2 powders were mechanically milled and mixed at different times, then hot extruded to consolidate. Testing showed the nanocomposite exhibited high strength and good ductility compared to conventional aluminum, with strength increasing with longer milling time up to 15 hours due to grain refinement and homogeneous particle distribution. The interface between aluminum and Al3Mg2 particles also improved with milling time. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a clean interface with intimate contact between phases.
DEVELOPMENT AND TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF DUAL PARTICLE AND TRIPLE PAR...ijmech
This document summarizes a study on the development and characterization of dual particle and triple particle aluminum metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs) reinforced with Al2O3 particles. Al-7075 alloy was reinforced with 10% volume fraction of Al2O3 particles with sizes ranging from 10-210 micrometers in dual and triple particle configurations. The composites were fabricated using stir casting and evaluated for microstructure, hardness, wear behavior, and density. Hardness and strength increased compared to unreinforced alloy, with triple particle composite exhibiting the highest values. Wear resistance was highest for dual particle composite. Density measurements found good casting quality with no porosity.
Similar to Densification and deformation behaviour of sintered (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.