Dengue is a viral infection transmitted by the bite of an Aedes mosquito infected with any one of the four dengue viruses. It occurs in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world. It is mandatory to have great insight and awareness of dengue causes, dengue tips, and dengue prevention. Dengue in Pakistan has become an epidemic especially in Lahore Punjab. Dengue in Lahore has caused hundreds of deaths and has become uncontrollable. Therefore, dengue information should be spread like a wild fire through all mediums of information like TV, radio, internet, etc.
Dengue (pronounced DENG-gay) can affect anyone but tends to be more severe in people with compromised immune systems. Because it is caused by one of four serotypes of virus, it is possible to get dengue fever multiple times. However, an attack of dengue produces immunity for a lifetime to that particular serotype to which the patient was exposed.
Dengue (pronounced DENG-gay) can affect anyone but tends to be more severe in people with compromised immune systems. Because it is caused by one of four serotypes of virus, it is possible to get dengue fever multiple times. However, an attack of dengue produces immunity for a lifetime to that particular serotype to which the patient was exposed.
is an upper respiratory tract bacterial infection associated with a characteristic rash, which is caused by an infection with pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) -producing GAS in individuals who do not have antitoxin antibodies In the past.
scarlet fever was thought to reflect infection of an individual lacking toxin-specific immunity with a toxin-producing strain of GAS.
Subsequent studies have suggested that development of the scarlet fever rash may reflect a hypersensitivity reaction requiring prior exposure to the toxin.
ONE OF THE VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASE OF CHILDREN,again showing upward trend . it is high on the agenda of surveillance against vpd. carries a high mortality in the neonatal period and one of the important cause of sids.
Pertussis : Highly contagious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis
Outbreaks first described in 16th century
Bordetella pertussis isolated in 1906
Estimated >300,000 deaths annually worldwide
Before the availability of pertussis vaccine in the 1940s, public health experts reported more than 200,000 cases of pertussis annually.
Since widespread use of the vaccine began, incidence has decreased more than 75% compared with the pre-vaccine era.
In 2012, the last peak year, CDC reported 48,277 cases of pertussis.
Extremely contagious-attack rate 100%
Immunity is never complete
Protection begins to wane in 3-5 yrs after vaccination
Chickenpox -symptoms |tests |management ( medical information ) martinshaji
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Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection that causes an acute fever and blistered rash, mainly in children.
The name may be derived from the French term for chick pea, chiche pois. Another theory is that the word 'chicken' was derived from a slang term for 'child'. Chickenpox is also known as varicella.
please comment
thank you ...
is an upper respiratory tract bacterial infection associated with a characteristic rash, which is caused by an infection with pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) -producing GAS in individuals who do not have antitoxin antibodies In the past.
scarlet fever was thought to reflect infection of an individual lacking toxin-specific immunity with a toxin-producing strain of GAS.
Subsequent studies have suggested that development of the scarlet fever rash may reflect a hypersensitivity reaction requiring prior exposure to the toxin.
ONE OF THE VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASE OF CHILDREN,again showing upward trend . it is high on the agenda of surveillance against vpd. carries a high mortality in the neonatal period and one of the important cause of sids.
Pertussis : Highly contagious respiratory infection caused by Bordetella pertussis
Outbreaks first described in 16th century
Bordetella pertussis isolated in 1906
Estimated >300,000 deaths annually worldwide
Before the availability of pertussis vaccine in the 1940s, public health experts reported more than 200,000 cases of pertussis annually.
Since widespread use of the vaccine began, incidence has decreased more than 75% compared with the pre-vaccine era.
In 2012, the last peak year, CDC reported 48,277 cases of pertussis.
Extremely contagious-attack rate 100%
Immunity is never complete
Protection begins to wane in 3-5 yrs after vaccination
Chickenpox -symptoms |tests |management ( medical information ) martinshaji
Â
Chickenpox is a highly contagious viral infection that causes an acute fever and blistered rash, mainly in children.
The name may be derived from the French term for chick pea, chiche pois. Another theory is that the word 'chicken' was derived from a slang term for 'child'. Chickenpox is also known as varicella.
please comment
thank you ...
Rainbow Hospital is the No. 1 super specialty hospital offering the best NICU care in Hyderabad, a state-of-the-art neonatal care, rated as best intensive units for children and neonatal intensive care unit.
What are the principal causes of spreading dengue.pdfSekharIyer4
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Humans get the viral disease dengue (break-bone fever) through mosquitoes. The
majority of dengue patients have no symptoms. However, for those who do, high temperature, headache, body pains, nausea, and rash are the most typical
symptoms.
Dengue or break-bone fever is a mosquito-borne disease that is caused by the biting of Dengue infected mosquito. Symptoms typically begin three to fourteen days after infection. This may include a high fever, headache, vomiting, muscle and joint pains, and a characteristic skin rash.
Swine Influenza is a respiratory disease that can affect humans. Prepare for flu outbreaks as you would for all hazards. Created and distributed courtesy of ReadyArmy.mil
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has taken the world by storm. COVID-19 is a member of the coronavirus family, which has never been detected in humans before. There are seven known strains of coronavirus (CoV). Coronaviruses are derived from a variety of animals. The virus has many similarities to Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). The viruses can cause illnesses ranging from the common cold to more severe health complications.
Emerging infectious diseases
Jose J. Avila
MCB2010
Prof. Madison
January 13, 2021
Defining Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) as a disease that are new or changing and are increasing or have the potential to increase in incidence in the near future then these changing diseases turn in some way uncontrollable for science. Coping with such evolving and changeable existing organisms have turned into an inextricably challenge to Science. According to Microbiology textbook it references some of the factors that have contributed to the development of EIDs are evolutionary changes in existing organisms, the spread of known disease to new geographic region or population by modern transportation, and increased human exposure to new, unusual infectious agent in areas that are undergoing ecological changes such as deforestation and construction; but also AIDs developed as a result as antimicrobial resistance.
Examples of EIDs given in the textbook we have Avian Influenza A (H5N1) or bird flu. This type of flu is most often contracted by contact with sick birds; these viruses occur in birds worldwide. It can also be passed from animal to animal, animal to person and person to person. The outbreak came in 2003 in southeast Asia when it killed millions of poultry and 24 people. However, a different Avian influenza virus(H7N9) sickened 131 people in China, but no death was reported. Reported as of 2008 Avian Influenza had sickened 242 people, and about half of them died. The virus has not yet evolved to be transmitted successfully among humans but still under monitoring due to its power to mutate and spread. Another example is Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a neurodegenerative disease of cattle caused by misfolded proteins known as prions. Symptoms include abnormal behavior, trouble walking, weight loss, and eventual paralysis. The outbreak came across 1986 when microbiologistsâ studies suggested that the main source of disease was a cattle feed prepared from sheep infected with their own version of the disease. Cattle are herbivores but adding protein to their feed improves their growth and health. Some steps we can take in order to prevent any outbreak of these diseases described above, first you have to understand how those diseases are transmitted; it means get educated in topics related to it in order to avoid getting sick. Good personal hygiene like wash your hands regularly, before and after every action you take, cover a cough, do not share personal utensils like dishes, glasses, combs, spoon, forks and so on. Practice good food-safety techniques to avoid getting sick like wash produce, rinse meats, do not eat raw food. Adults and children should make sure their vaccinations are up to date. If you are traveling to an area where insect-borne disease is present, take and use an insect repellent containing DEET. In many tropical regions, mosquitoes can carry malaria, dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, or other seri ...
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actorâs Wellness Journeygreendigital
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Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
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The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
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NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
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Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Basavarajeeyam - Ayurvedic heritage book of Andhra pradesh
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Dengue and DHF
1. Dengue and Dengue Hemorrhagic Feverby LubnaMalik Creating Awareness About Dengue in Pakistan
2. Contents 1. What is Dengue? 2. What is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever? 3. How are dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) spread? 4. What are the symptoms of the disease? 5. What is the treatment for dengue? 6. Is there an effective treatment for dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)? 7. Where can outbreaks of dengue occur? 8. How to reduce the risk of acquiring dengue? 9. How can we prevent epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)? 10. Important statistics
3. What is Dengue? Dengue (pronounced den' gee) is a disease caused by any one of four closely related viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3, or DEN- 4). The viruses are transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. It is estimated that there are over 100million cases of dengue worldwide each year. Dengue fever is a severe, flu-like illness that affects infants, young children and adults, but seldom causes death.
4. What is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)? DHF is a more severe form of dengue. It can be fatal if unrecognized and not properly treated. DHF is caused by infection with the same viruses that cause dengue. With good medical management, mortality due to DHF can be less than 1%. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a potentially deadly complication that is characterized by high fever, often with enlargement of the liver, and in severe cases circulatory failure.
5. How are dengue and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) spread? Dengue is transmitted to people by the bite of an Aedes mosquito that is infected with a dengue virus. The mosquito becomes infected with dengue virus when it bites a person who has dengue or DHF and after about a week can transmit the virus while biting a healthy person. There must be a person-to-mosquito -to- another-person pathway. Dengue cannot be spread directly from person to person because virus is not contagious.
6. Replication and Transmission of Dengue Virus 1. Virus transmitted to human in mosquito Saliva 2. Virus replicates in target organs 3. Virus infects white blood cells and lymphatic tissues 4. Virus released and circulates in blood 5. Second mosquito ingests virus with blood 6. Virus replicates in mosquito midgut and other organs, infects salivary glands 7. Virus replicates in salivary glands
7. Where can outbreaks of dengue occur? Outbreaks of dengue occur primarily in areas where Aedesaegypti mosquitoes live. This includes most tropical urban areas of the world. In fact, Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical climates worldwide, mostly in urban and semi-urban areas. Dengue viruses may be introduced into areas by travelers who become infected while visiting other areas of the tropics where dengue commonly exists.
9. Symptoms & Signs Of Dengue Fever Fever Headache Muscle and joint pain Nausea/vomiting Rash Hemorrhagic manifestations
10. Danger Signs in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) Abdominal pain - intense and sustained Persistent vomiting Abrupt change from fever to hypothermia, with sweating and prostration Restlessness or somnolence Red spots or patches on the skin Bleeding from nose or gums Vomiting blood Black, tarry stools Drowsiness or irritability Pale, cold, or clammy skin Difficulty breathing
11. What is the treatment for dengue? There is no specific medication for treatment of a dengue infection. Persons who think they have dengue should consult a physician. Use analgesics (pain relievers) with acetaminophen and avoid those containing aspirin. They should also rest, drink plenty of fluids.
12. Is there an effective treatment for dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)? As with dengue, there is no specific medication for DHF. It can however be effectively treated by fluid replacement therapy if an early clinical diagnosis is made. Hospitalization is frequently required in order to adequately manage DHF.
13. How to reduce the risk of acquiring dengue? There is no vaccine for preventing dengue. The best preventive measure for residents living in areas infested with Aedesaegypti is to eliminate the places where the mosquito lays her eggs, primarily artificial containers that hold water. Items that collect rainwater or are used to store water (for example, plastic containers, drums, buckets, or used automobile tires) should be covered or properly discarded. Pet and animal watering containers and vases with fresh flowers should be emptied and scoured at least once a week. This will eliminate the mosquito eggs and larvae and reduce the number of mosquitoes present in these areas.
14. For people living in areas with dengue, the risk of being bitten by mosquitoes indoors is reduced by utilization of air conditioning or windows and doors that are screened. Proper application of mosquito repellents containing 20% to 30% DEET as the active ingredient on exposed skin and clothing decreases the risk of being bitten by mosquitoes. If someone in your house is ill with dengue, take extra precautions to prevent mosquitoes from biting the patient and going on to bite others in the household. Sleep under a mosquito bed net, eliminate mosquitoes you indoors and wear repellent!
15. How can we prevent epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF)? The emphasis for dengue prevention is on sustainable, community-based, integrated mosquito control, with limited reliance on insecticides (chemical larvicides and adulticides). Preventing epidemic disease requires a coordinated community effort to increase awareness about dengue/DHF, how to recognize it, and how to control the mosquito that transmits it. Residents are responsible for keeping their yards and patios free of sites where mosquitoes can be produced.
16. Important Statistics The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically around the world in recent decades. Some 2.5 billion people â two fifths of the world's population â are now at risk from dengue. WHO currently estimates there may be 50 million dengue infections worldwide every year. During epidemics of dengue, infection rates among those who have not been previously exposed to the virus are often 40% to 50%, but can reach 80% to 90%. An estimated 500,000 people with DHF require hospitalization each year, a very large proportion of whom are children. About 2.5% of those affected die.