This document discusses different types of democracy and their key features. It defines democracy as a system of government by the population through elected representatives. The main types discussed are direct democracy, where citizens vote directly on policies; representative democracy, the most common, where citizens elect representatives; and presidential and parliamentary democracy, which differ in how executive power is distributed. Islamic democracy which applies Islamic laws democratically is also summarized. The document also briefly discusses dictatorship and social deviance.

3. M. Awais Kaleem
Azka Zaffar
Abdul Ghani
Umair Javed
Rizwan Haider

4. • Democracy and its Social Benefits
• Dictatorship and Its Negative Effects
• Social Devience

5. “A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible
members of a state, typically through elected representatives.”
The word Democracy is derived from two Greek Words:
Demos: (The People)
Kratos: (Power)
So we have “Democracy”, or demos-kratos meaning “Power To The
People.”
DEMOCRACY

6. 1. Direct Democracy
2. Representative Democracy
3. Presidential Democracy
4. Parliamentary Democracy
5. Authoritarian Democracy
6. Participatory Democracy
7. Islamic Democracy
8. Social Democracy

7. A direct democracy is when citizens get to vote for a policy
directly, without any intermediate representatives or houses of
parliament.
If the government has to pass a certain law or policy, it goes to
the people. They vote on the issue and decide the fate of their
own countries. The people can even bring up issues
themselves, as long as they have a substantial consensus on
the issue. Even taxes cannot be raised without the public
support.

8. Representative Democracy or Indirect democracy is when people
choose to vote for who will represent them in a parliament. This
is the most common type of democracy found across the world.
Its emphasis lies on protecting the rights of not only the
majority of the people in the state, but also the minorities. By
electing a more qualified representative, a minority population
would be able vocalize its grievances in a more efficient manner.

9. Under a presidential democracy, the president of a state has a
significant amount of power over the government. He/she is
either directly or indirectly elected by citizens of the state. The
president and the executive branch of the government are not
liable to the legislature, but cannot, under normal
circumstances , dismiss the legislature entirely.
Similarly the legislature cannot remove the president from his
or her office either, unless the case is extreme. In a presidential
democracy, the head of state is also the head of the
government.

10. A democracy that gives a more power to the legislature is called
a parliamentary democracy. The executive branch derives its
democratic legitimacy only from the legislature, i.e the
parliament. The head of the state is different from the head of
the government, and both have varying degrees of power.

11. This form of democracy seeks to apply Islamic laws to public
policies, while simultaneously maintaining a democratic
framework. Islamic democracy has three main characteristics.
Firstly, the leaders are elected by the people.
Secondly, everyone is subject to the Sharia law- including the
leaders.
Thirdly, the leaders must commit to practicing ‘shura’, a special
form of a consultation practiced by Prophet Muhammad SAW.

12. As you can see, I tried to avoid including individual stances or
opinions of varying political parties( such as religious
democracy, i.e. political parties that advertise themselves to be
upholders of religious decorum). However, one particular
stance is worth mentioning. This is simply due to the sheer
number of political parties that swear by it- Social Democracy.

13.  It gives the people the right to vote.
 It is open for change.
 It offers representation to the people.
 It gets the people involved.
 It promotes equality.
 It allows people to voice out their issues.

14.  It opens an opportunity for corrupt officials.
 It can lead to wrong choices when it comes to government
leaders.
 It makes voting a personal choice.
 It takes time to make decisions.
 It favors the majority.

15. A ruler with total power over a country,
typically one who has obtained control by
force.
DICTATORSHIP;
Government by a Dictator.

16.  Low crime rates
 Rapid Progression
 We get a stable government
 There’s less space for corruption amongst citizens
 They prove very crucial during the times of emergency.

17.  It leads to abuse of power.
 Dictators always oppress and suppress the people or even
promote their own favorites and interests.
 Mass killing, large numbers of peoples are killed
 The population is never happy with such a government

18. Social Deviance is the study of the
violation of cultural norms in either
formal(criminal) or informal(deviant)
contexts.

19.  Broken Family and Improper socialization
 Lack of Religious education and Morality
 Lack of Basic Facilties
 Mass Media

20. There is no hard and fast rule for preventation of social
deviance.
Basically Social Deviance mainly starts at very beginning or from
the childhood.
All you can do is proper consoling. Give your child proper
religious as well as social education. Teach them what is wrong
and what is right. Punish them if they do something wrong. Try
to fulfill their basic needs, and made a good relation with your
children and family.