1. An episiotomy is a surgically planned incision made in the perineum during the second stage of labor to enlarge the vaginal opening and facilitate delivery while minimizing perineal tearing. 2. It is most commonly done for primigravid women, those with a rigid perineum, or those requiring forceps delivery or breech birth. 3. The incision is usually mediolateral, extending from the midline outwards, and is repaired in three layers after delivery to restore anatomy and function.