on multiple data elements simultaneously. Single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD) instructions allow a single instruction to operate on multiple data elements in parallel. This enables algorithms to be accelerated significantly. The Intel C++ Compiler generates optimized code that takes advantage of SIMD instructions in Intel processors to speed up signal processing workloads like noise cancellation. Using SIMD instructions and Intel performance libraries, latency was reduced by over 50% compared to using just the GCC compiler.
IRJET- Optical Character Recognition for Blind using Raspberry PiIRJET Journal
This document describes an optical character recognition system using a Raspberry Pi to assist blind people by reading printed text aloud. The system uses a Raspberry Pi 3 with a camera, speaker, and text-to-speech software. It captures an image of text, performs OCR to extract the text, and converts it to audio which is played through a speaker. The system was tested using Python programming on a Raspberry Pi and could accurately read text from images taken by the camera.
The latest open source software available and the latest development in itRizwan Razman
This document discusses open source software, hardware, and the latest developments in information and communication technology (ICT). It provides definitions and examples of open source operating systems like Ubuntu Linux and Fedora Linux. It also discusses open source application software such as OpenOffice and Squirrel Mail. Examples of recent hardware include the Lexmark X8350 and X9575 printers. Software examples covered are Adobe Photoshop CS3 and CS4. The document concludes with an overview of pervasive computing and examples like smartphones and personal digital assistants.
Open source and_latest_development_in_ictKanisRauKing
The document discusses recent developments in open source software and hardware from 2014. It describes the latest open source operating systems Chrome OS and iOS 8 which were released in September 2014. It also discusses recent open source application software releases of CCleaner in August 2014 and VLC Media Player in September 2014. For hardware, it outlines the Nvidia GeForce GTX 980 graphics card from September 2014 and AMD Radeon R9 295X2 from April 2014. It also briefly summarizes Sony Vegas video editing software versions 12 and 13.
Open source software and operating systems allow users to freely modify and distribute the source code. Examples of open source operating systems include Haiku and Linux Kernel. Open source also applies to application software like Mozilla Thunderbird and Gnome Office, which provide free alternatives to commercial applications. Recent developments in hardware include new Canon printers and in software, updates to Adobe Photoshop. Pervasive computing embeds microprocessors in everyday objects to communicate wirelessly, as seen in smart TVs and GPS devices.
The document discusses Internet telephony and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). It defines IP telephony as using Internet protocol to exchange voice, fax, and other information traditionally carried over telephone networks. VoIP aims to standardize IP telephony. The document then describes how a VoIP call is completed by digitizing, compressing, and transmitting voice data over the Internet in packets before reassembling it at the destination. It notes benefits of IP telephony include potential cost savings compared to traditional telephone networks.
This seminar presentation provides an overview of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology. It discusses how VoIP works by converting voice signals to digital signals sent over the Internet via packet switching. It covers major components of VoIP networks like codecs, quality of service issues, and types of VoIP services. The presentation also highlights advantages of VoIP like reduced costs, and discusses future directions such as increased reliability and integration with other applications. In conclusion, it predicts growing adoption of VoIP technology for computer-based communications and cost-effective multimedia transfers.
IRJET- Voice Assisted Text Reading and Google Home Smart Socket Control Syste...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system that aims to help visually impaired persons by allowing them to read text using voice assistance and control smart home devices with voice commands using a Raspberry Pi. The system uses optical character recognition (Tesseract OCR) to extract text from images, which is then converted to speech using e-Speak. It also enables control of smart sockets using Google Home voice recognition on the Raspberry Pi. The goal is to help blind people read text independently and control electrical devices safely using only their voice.
User Interface for Visually Impaired PeopleIOSRJECE
The research work deals with the design and implementation of Speech recognition device using Raspberry Pi for essential usage to visually impaired people. Now a day’s blind people are increasing enormously so, the main objective of the research is to provide a simple, cheap, friendly user, and compact device for visually impaired people to use multimedia applications of operating system like text, music player and dialing system by interfacing GSM module. All the above are implemented in a low cost Raspberry Pi board. Thus a goal of producing an compact device has been designed at low cost using offline speech recognition
IRJET- Optical Character Recognition for Blind using Raspberry PiIRJET Journal
This document describes an optical character recognition system using a Raspberry Pi to assist blind people by reading printed text aloud. The system uses a Raspberry Pi 3 with a camera, speaker, and text-to-speech software. It captures an image of text, performs OCR to extract the text, and converts it to audio which is played through a speaker. The system was tested using Python programming on a Raspberry Pi and could accurately read text from images taken by the camera.
The latest open source software available and the latest development in itRizwan Razman
This document discusses open source software, hardware, and the latest developments in information and communication technology (ICT). It provides definitions and examples of open source operating systems like Ubuntu Linux and Fedora Linux. It also discusses open source application software such as OpenOffice and Squirrel Mail. Examples of recent hardware include the Lexmark X8350 and X9575 printers. Software examples covered are Adobe Photoshop CS3 and CS4. The document concludes with an overview of pervasive computing and examples like smartphones and personal digital assistants.
Open source and_latest_development_in_ictKanisRauKing
The document discusses recent developments in open source software and hardware from 2014. It describes the latest open source operating systems Chrome OS and iOS 8 which were released in September 2014. It also discusses recent open source application software releases of CCleaner in August 2014 and VLC Media Player in September 2014. For hardware, it outlines the Nvidia GeForce GTX 980 graphics card from September 2014 and AMD Radeon R9 295X2 from April 2014. It also briefly summarizes Sony Vegas video editing software versions 12 and 13.
Open source software and operating systems allow users to freely modify and distribute the source code. Examples of open source operating systems include Haiku and Linux Kernel. Open source also applies to application software like Mozilla Thunderbird and Gnome Office, which provide free alternatives to commercial applications. Recent developments in hardware include new Canon printers and in software, updates to Adobe Photoshop. Pervasive computing embeds microprocessors in everyday objects to communicate wirelessly, as seen in smart TVs and GPS devices.
The document discusses Internet telephony and Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP). It defines IP telephony as using Internet protocol to exchange voice, fax, and other information traditionally carried over telephone networks. VoIP aims to standardize IP telephony. The document then describes how a VoIP call is completed by digitizing, compressing, and transmitting voice data over the Internet in packets before reassembling it at the destination. It notes benefits of IP telephony include potential cost savings compared to traditional telephone networks.
This seminar presentation provides an overview of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology. It discusses how VoIP works by converting voice signals to digital signals sent over the Internet via packet switching. It covers major components of VoIP networks like codecs, quality of service issues, and types of VoIP services. The presentation also highlights advantages of VoIP like reduced costs, and discusses future directions such as increased reliability and integration with other applications. In conclusion, it predicts growing adoption of VoIP technology for computer-based communications and cost-effective multimedia transfers.
IRJET- Voice Assisted Text Reading and Google Home Smart Socket Control Syste...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system that aims to help visually impaired persons by allowing them to read text using voice assistance and control smart home devices with voice commands using a Raspberry Pi. The system uses optical character recognition (Tesseract OCR) to extract text from images, which is then converted to speech using e-Speak. It also enables control of smart sockets using Google Home voice recognition on the Raspberry Pi. The goal is to help blind people read text independently and control electrical devices safely using only their voice.
User Interface for Visually Impaired PeopleIOSRJECE
The research work deals with the design and implementation of Speech recognition device using Raspberry Pi for essential usage to visually impaired people. Now a day’s blind people are increasing enormously so, the main objective of the research is to provide a simple, cheap, friendly user, and compact device for visually impaired people to use multimedia applications of operating system like text, music player and dialing system by interfacing GSM module. All the above are implemented in a low cost Raspberry Pi board. Thus a goal of producing an compact device has been designed at low cost using offline speech recognition
The Polycom SoundPoint IP 450 is a three-line desktop phone that features Polycom HD Voice technology for high quality audio. It has a high resolution backlit display, dedicated buttons, and support for applications through its XML microbrowser. The phone is designed for office workers handling moderate call volumes. It provides crystal clear calls, productivity applications, and interoperability with SIP platforms.
The document discusses using an IP telephony solution for building a ticket reservation system. It describes how an interactive voice response (IVR) system could be used to allow customers to reserve tickets over the phone without interacting with a human agent. It also lists several key business issues that should be considered before implementing an IP telephony system, such as upgrading network infrastructure, bandwidth, and power systems to support voice traffic. The conclusion states that an IP telephony-based ticket reservation solution would be an important option for Bangladesh given limited resources and demand for convenient ticket purchases.
This document discusses a voice-controlled robot system with two embedded systems - a master system to control the robot and a slave robot system that responds to voice commands from the master. The systems communicate wirelessly using a protocol like Bluetooth. The slave robot uses Sphinx-4 speech recognition software to understand voice commands. Video, audio and other data can be transmitted between the systems. The paper focuses on the wireless transmission of data between the embedded systems and enhancing voice processing technologies for robot control.
This document presents a sign language translation software developed using LABVIEW. The software can translate one-handed Indian sign language representations of alphabets and numbers to spoken English as well as translate 165 spoken English words to sign language gestures. It uses computer vision techniques to capture sign language input via a webcam and recognize gestures through pattern matching with stored templates. For speech input and output, it interfaces with the computer's microphone and speakers. The software provides a graphical user interface to demonstrate sign to speech and speech to sign translation. While accurate for the limited vocabulary trained, the system's accuracy may decrease for similar signs and would benefit from a larger more varied training database.
The document summarizes key components of telephone systems including:
The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) connects telephones worldwide through lines, cables, switches and more. Central Offices house switches that connect local calls. Local loops connect customers to Central Offices, with the demarcation point marking ownership. Analog lines carry one call at a time over copper. Digital and IP lines carry multiple calls through conversion to digital signals and internet packets. Common VoIP services include analog adapters, computer-to-computer software, and hosted IP phone services. PBX systems provide business features to external phone networks.
Customized IVR Implementation Using Voicexml on SIP (Voip) Communication Plat...IJMER
This document discusses implementing customized interactive voice response (IVR) applications using VoiceXML on a VoIP communication platform. It provides an overview of key concepts like VoIP, SIP, IPPBX, and VoiceXML. VoIP allows voice calls over IP networks using protocols like SIP. An IPPBX functions similar to a traditional PBX but routes calls over an IP network. VoiceXML is used to build voice dialog applications with features like speech recognition, prompts, and grammars. The document proposes using a VoiceXML browser integrated with an Asterisk gateway and IPPBX to enable voice applications with speech input/output that can be customized for different organizations.
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Voice over Internet Protocol with Novel Applicationsirjes
This document summarizes Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology. It discusses three types of VoIP calls: PC to PC, PC to phone, and phone to phone. It also explains some key VoIP protocols like H.323, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), and VoiceXML. The document provides an overview of how VoIP works, its advantages over traditional phone systems, and examples of VoIP applications.
This document provides summaries of various computer ports and connectors, including USB ports, video ports, audio ports, network ports, and storage ports. It explains what each port is used for and includes images of examples. Key ports discussed include USB, video ports like DVI and HDMI, audio ports like optical audio and coaxial digital, network ports like Ethernet, and storage ports like SATA, Firewire, and eSATA.
A distributed ip based telecommunication system using sipIJCNCJournal
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technologies are integral to modern telecommunications because of
their advanced features, flexibility, and economic benefits. Internet Service Providers initially promoted
these technologies by providing low cost local and international calling. At present, there is also a great
deal of interest in using IP-based technologies to replace traditional small and large office telephone
systems that use traditional PBX’s (Private Branch eXchange). Unfortunately, the large majority of the
emerging VoIP based office telephone systems have followed the centralized design of traditional public
and private telephone systems in which all the intelligence in the system is at the core, with quite expensive
hardware and software components and appropriate redundancy for adequate levels of reliability. In this
paper, it is argued that a centralized model for an IP-based telecommunications system fails to exploit the
full capabilities of Internet-inspired communications and that, very simple, inexpensive, elegant and
flexible solutions are possible by deliberately avoiding the centralized approach. This paper describes the
design, philosophy and implementation of a prototype for a fully distributed IP-based Telecommunication
System (IPTS) that provides the essential feature set for office and home telecommunications, including IPbased
long-distance and local calling, and with the support for video as well as data and text. The
prototype system was implemented with an Internet-inspired distributed design using open source software,
with appropriate customizations and configurations.
Merakit personal komputer 2 english versionEko Supriyadi
This document discusses identifying types of peripherals and their functions, as well as applying peripheral functions and installing peripherals on a PC. It defines peripherals as additional computer equipment used for other purposes beyond the core functions of the computer. Peripherals include printers, scanners, modems, network cards and more. Installing peripherals involves both physical installation of connecting the peripheral hardware to the computer, as well as installing any necessary software drivers.
This document provides an overview of the Internet and its applications. It discusses various topics including Internet architectures (Internet, intranet, extranet), communication applications (email, messaging, e-commerce, voice over IP), virtual private networks, WAN technologies, and audio/video streaming and conferencing.
Wideband or HD Voice technology provides clearer voice calls by using a wider audio bandwidth. While initially focused on mobile networks, HD Voice can also improve enterprise voice platforms like conference servers. The key is choosing a platform that supports multiple wideband codecs for compatibility, is flexible to upgrade, and can integrate with existing TDM infrastructure during migration to full IP voice. This will allow businesses to successfully adopt HD Voice and provide better customer service through clearer communications.
This document describes a system that uses a Raspberry Pi to help visually impaired people read printed text. The system works by using a camera to take photos of printed text, optical character recognition software to convert the images to text files, and text-to-speech software to convert the text to audio that is played through speakers. The key components are the Raspberry Pi, camera, HDMI to VGA converter, power supply, and software for OCR and text-to-speech. The system aims to make printed text accessible for visually impaired and illiterate people in a portable, low-cost manner.
The Panasonic KX-NT400 IP Network Telephone is an all-in-one communication device featuring a color touchscreen, web browser, network camera interface, and monitoring capabilities. It allows users to make calls, view camera feeds, access internal web applications, and send messages without needing a separate computer. The device offers enhanced contact management, call handling, and options for monitoring multiple business locations remotely.
RAM allows data to be read and written in roughly the same time regardless of access order. The CPU, or central processing unit, is the computer's main component for calculations. Graphics processing units are designed specifically for graphics rendering. Storage media like hard drives store application and user information. The power supply converts one form of electrical energy to another to power the system. The kernel manages input/output and translates to instructions for processing.
IP telephony has received interest from many users and organizations as it provides cost savings over traditional phone lines. VoIP saves money by using existing computer networks and IP infrastructure rather than separate phone lines, reducing line charges, feature charges, taxes, and fees. Many organizations currently maintain separate networks for data and voice, but integrating the two using VoIP provides a more cost effective and flexible unified solution.
(1) The M&L Company marketing team is taking a business trip to the US for 4 nights and 5 days. Team members are backing up main materials on a large external hard drive and printing materials in case clients request them.
(2) Miss Lingo has prepared for the trip with her sub-laptop and Lingo device, which allows her to access files on her main computer remotely using a wireless mouse.
(3) Lingo is a small portable device that functions as a wireless mouse, MP3 player, USB drive, and enables remote access to another computer. It aims to provide an integrated interface for mobile users.
VoIP provides voice calls over the internet using packet switching rather than traditional circuit switching. The document discusses the technology behind VoIP, including standards like SIP and H.323. While VoIP is still developing, services are appearing that offer VoIP using these standards. The document also outlines issues that have arisen with VoIP implementation and research being done to address these issues, focusing on a case study from the University of Southampton.
RAM allows data to be read and written in roughly the same amount of time regardless of the order accessed, unlike storage media like hard disks that are slower to access data in some locations. A CPU carries out computer program instructions by performing basic arithmetic, logical and input/output operations. A GPU is specialized for rapidly manipulating memory to generate graphics and is more efficient than CPUs for parallel processing of large data blocks. Common display technologies include LCD, CRT and plasma which present video output across a full rectangular area.
The document provides an overview of the Craig-Bampton method for model reduction in finite element analysis. It discusses:
- The background and theory behind the Craig-Bampton method, including defining the Craig-Bampton transformation matrix and deriving the reduced Craig-Bampton mass and stiffness matrices.
- The process for creating a Craig-Bampton model in NASTRAN, including defining the boundary degrees of freedom, solving for modes, and generating the output files.
- Different load transformation matrices (LTMs) that can be created, such as for interface forces, net center of gravity accelerations, and displacements, and how they are used to transform results between the reduced and full physical models.
The document discusses different types of polymer matrix composites, including thermoset and thermoplastic matrices. It covers various processing techniques for both such as hand layup, filament winding, injection molding. Key properties of the polymer matrix are outlined like protecting reinforcement, transferring load, impact resistance. Common reinforcements include glass, carbon fibers while resins often used are epoxy, polyester.
The Polycom SoundPoint IP 450 is a three-line desktop phone that features Polycom HD Voice technology for high quality audio. It has a high resolution backlit display, dedicated buttons, and support for applications through its XML microbrowser. The phone is designed for office workers handling moderate call volumes. It provides crystal clear calls, productivity applications, and interoperability with SIP platforms.
The document discusses using an IP telephony solution for building a ticket reservation system. It describes how an interactive voice response (IVR) system could be used to allow customers to reserve tickets over the phone without interacting with a human agent. It also lists several key business issues that should be considered before implementing an IP telephony system, such as upgrading network infrastructure, bandwidth, and power systems to support voice traffic. The conclusion states that an IP telephony-based ticket reservation solution would be an important option for Bangladesh given limited resources and demand for convenient ticket purchases.
This document discusses a voice-controlled robot system with two embedded systems - a master system to control the robot and a slave robot system that responds to voice commands from the master. The systems communicate wirelessly using a protocol like Bluetooth. The slave robot uses Sphinx-4 speech recognition software to understand voice commands. Video, audio and other data can be transmitted between the systems. The paper focuses on the wireless transmission of data between the embedded systems and enhancing voice processing technologies for robot control.
This document presents a sign language translation software developed using LABVIEW. The software can translate one-handed Indian sign language representations of alphabets and numbers to spoken English as well as translate 165 spoken English words to sign language gestures. It uses computer vision techniques to capture sign language input via a webcam and recognize gestures through pattern matching with stored templates. For speech input and output, it interfaces with the computer's microphone and speakers. The software provides a graphical user interface to demonstrate sign to speech and speech to sign translation. While accurate for the limited vocabulary trained, the system's accuracy may decrease for similar signs and would benefit from a larger more varied training database.
The document summarizes key components of telephone systems including:
The Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) connects telephones worldwide through lines, cables, switches and more. Central Offices house switches that connect local calls. Local loops connect customers to Central Offices, with the demarcation point marking ownership. Analog lines carry one call at a time over copper. Digital and IP lines carry multiple calls through conversion to digital signals and internet packets. Common VoIP services include analog adapters, computer-to-computer software, and hosted IP phone services. PBX systems provide business features to external phone networks.
Customized IVR Implementation Using Voicexml on SIP (Voip) Communication Plat...IJMER
This document discusses implementing customized interactive voice response (IVR) applications using VoiceXML on a VoIP communication platform. It provides an overview of key concepts like VoIP, SIP, IPPBX, and VoiceXML. VoIP allows voice calls over IP networks using protocols like SIP. An IPPBX functions similar to a traditional PBX but routes calls over an IP network. VoiceXML is used to build voice dialog applications with features like speech recognition, prompts, and grammars. The document proposes using a VoiceXML browser integrated with an Asterisk gateway and IPPBX to enable voice applications with speech input/output that can be customized for different organizations.
final Year Projects, Final Year Projects in Chennai, Software Projects, Embedded Projects, Microcontrollers Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, Matlab Projects, Java Projects, .NET Projects, IEEE Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, IEEE 2009 Projects, Software, IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded, Software IEEE 2009 Projects, Embedded IEEE 2009 Projects, Final Year Project Titles, Final Year Project Reports, Final Year Project Review, Robotics Projects, Mechanical Projects, Electrical Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Power System Projects, Model Projects, Java Projects, J2EE Projects, Engineering Projects, Student Projects, Engineering College Projects, MCA Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, Wireless Networks Projects, Network Security Projects, Networking Projects, final year projects, ieee projects, student projects, college projects, ieee projects in chennai, java projects, software ieee projects, embedded ieee projects, "ieee2009projects", "final year projects", "ieee projects", "Engineering Projects", "Final Year Projects in Chennai", "Final year Projects at Chennai", Java Projects, ASP.NET Projects, VB.NET Projects, C# Projects, Visual C++ Projects, Matlab Projects, NS2 Projects, C Projects, Microcontroller Projects, ATMEL Projects, PIC Projects, ARM Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, FPGA Projects, CPLD Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Electrical Projects, Robotics Projects, Solor Projects, MEMS Projects, J2EE Projects, J2ME Projects, AJAX Projects, Structs Projects, EJB Projects, Real Time Projects, Live Projects, Student Projects, Engineering Projects, MCA Projects, MBA Projects, College Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, M.Sc Projects, Final Year Java Projects, Final Year ASP.NET Projects, Final Year VB.NET Projects, Final Year C# Projects, Final Year Visual C++ Projects, Final Year Matlab Projects, Final Year NS2 Projects, Final Year C Projects, Final Year Microcontroller Projects, Final Year ATMEL Projects, Final Year PIC Projects, Final Year ARM Projects, Final Year DSP Projects, Final Year VLSI Projects, Final Year FPGA Projects, Final Year CPLD Projects, Final Year Power Electronics Projects, Final Year Electrical Projects, Final Year Robotics Projects, Final Year Solor Projects, Final Year MEMS Projects, Final Year J2EE Projects, Final Year J2ME Projects, Final Year AJAX Projects, Final Year Structs Projects, Final Year EJB Projects, Final Year Real Time Projects, Final Year Live Projects, Final Year Student Projects, Final Year Engineering Projects, Final Year MCA Projects, Final Year MBA Projects, Final Year College Projects, Final Year BE Projects, Final Year BTech Projects, Final Year ME Projects, Final Year MTech Projects, Final Year M.Sc Projects, IEEE Java Projects, ASP.NET Projects, VB.NET Projects, C# Projects, Visual C++ Projects, Matlab Projects, NS2 Projects, C Projects, Microcontroller Projects, ATMEL Projects, PIC Projects, ARM Projects, DSP Projects, VLSI Projects, FPGA Projects, CPLD Projects, Power Electronics Projects, Electrical Projects, Robotics Projects, Solor Projects, MEMS Projects, J2EE Projects, J2ME Projects, AJAX Projects, Structs Projects, EJB Projects, Real Time Projects, Live Projects, Student Projects, Engineering Projects, MCA Projects, MBA Projects, College Projects, BE Projects, BTech Projects, ME Projects, MTech Projects, M.Sc Projects, IEEE 2009 Java Projects, IEEE 2009 ASP.NET Projects, IEEE 2009 VB.NET Projects, IEEE 2009 C# Projects, IEEE 2009 Visual C++ Projects, IEEE 2009 Matlab Projects, IEEE 2009 NS2 Projects, IEEE 2009 C Projects, IEEE 2009 Microcontroller Projects, IEEE 2009 ATMEL Projects, IEEE 2009 PIC Projects, IEEE 2009 ARM Projects, IEEE 2009 DSP Projects, IEEE 2009 VLSI Projects, IEEE 2009 FPGA Projects, IEEE 2009 CPLD Projects, IEEE 2009 Power Electronics Projects, IEEE 2009 Electrical Projects, IEEE 2009 Robotics Projects, IEEE 2009 Solor Projects, IEEE 2009 MEMS Projects, IEEE 2009 J2EE P
Voice over Internet Protocol with Novel Applicationsirjes
This document summarizes Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technology. It discusses three types of VoIP calls: PC to PC, PC to phone, and phone to phone. It also explains some key VoIP protocols like H.323, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), and VoiceXML. The document provides an overview of how VoIP works, its advantages over traditional phone systems, and examples of VoIP applications.
This document provides summaries of various computer ports and connectors, including USB ports, video ports, audio ports, network ports, and storage ports. It explains what each port is used for and includes images of examples. Key ports discussed include USB, video ports like DVI and HDMI, audio ports like optical audio and coaxial digital, network ports like Ethernet, and storage ports like SATA, Firewire, and eSATA.
A distributed ip based telecommunication system using sipIJCNCJournal
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) technologies are integral to modern telecommunications because of
their advanced features, flexibility, and economic benefits. Internet Service Providers initially promoted
these technologies by providing low cost local and international calling. At present, there is also a great
deal of interest in using IP-based technologies to replace traditional small and large office telephone
systems that use traditional PBX’s (Private Branch eXchange). Unfortunately, the large majority of the
emerging VoIP based office telephone systems have followed the centralized design of traditional public
and private telephone systems in which all the intelligence in the system is at the core, with quite expensive
hardware and software components and appropriate redundancy for adequate levels of reliability. In this
paper, it is argued that a centralized model for an IP-based telecommunications system fails to exploit the
full capabilities of Internet-inspired communications and that, very simple, inexpensive, elegant and
flexible solutions are possible by deliberately avoiding the centralized approach. This paper describes the
design, philosophy and implementation of a prototype for a fully distributed IP-based Telecommunication
System (IPTS) that provides the essential feature set for office and home telecommunications, including IPbased
long-distance and local calling, and with the support for video as well as data and text. The
prototype system was implemented with an Internet-inspired distributed design using open source software,
with appropriate customizations and configurations.
Merakit personal komputer 2 english versionEko Supriyadi
This document discusses identifying types of peripherals and their functions, as well as applying peripheral functions and installing peripherals on a PC. It defines peripherals as additional computer equipment used for other purposes beyond the core functions of the computer. Peripherals include printers, scanners, modems, network cards and more. Installing peripherals involves both physical installation of connecting the peripheral hardware to the computer, as well as installing any necessary software drivers.
This document provides an overview of the Internet and its applications. It discusses various topics including Internet architectures (Internet, intranet, extranet), communication applications (email, messaging, e-commerce, voice over IP), virtual private networks, WAN technologies, and audio/video streaming and conferencing.
Wideband or HD Voice technology provides clearer voice calls by using a wider audio bandwidth. While initially focused on mobile networks, HD Voice can also improve enterprise voice platforms like conference servers. The key is choosing a platform that supports multiple wideband codecs for compatibility, is flexible to upgrade, and can integrate with existing TDM infrastructure during migration to full IP voice. This will allow businesses to successfully adopt HD Voice and provide better customer service through clearer communications.
This document describes a system that uses a Raspberry Pi to help visually impaired people read printed text. The system works by using a camera to take photos of printed text, optical character recognition software to convert the images to text files, and text-to-speech software to convert the text to audio that is played through speakers. The key components are the Raspberry Pi, camera, HDMI to VGA converter, power supply, and software for OCR and text-to-speech. The system aims to make printed text accessible for visually impaired and illiterate people in a portable, low-cost manner.
The Panasonic KX-NT400 IP Network Telephone is an all-in-one communication device featuring a color touchscreen, web browser, network camera interface, and monitoring capabilities. It allows users to make calls, view camera feeds, access internal web applications, and send messages without needing a separate computer. The device offers enhanced contact management, call handling, and options for monitoring multiple business locations remotely.
RAM allows data to be read and written in roughly the same time regardless of access order. The CPU, or central processing unit, is the computer's main component for calculations. Graphics processing units are designed specifically for graphics rendering. Storage media like hard drives store application and user information. The power supply converts one form of electrical energy to another to power the system. The kernel manages input/output and translates to instructions for processing.
IP telephony has received interest from many users and organizations as it provides cost savings over traditional phone lines. VoIP saves money by using existing computer networks and IP infrastructure rather than separate phone lines, reducing line charges, feature charges, taxes, and fees. Many organizations currently maintain separate networks for data and voice, but integrating the two using VoIP provides a more cost effective and flexible unified solution.
(1) The M&L Company marketing team is taking a business trip to the US for 4 nights and 5 days. Team members are backing up main materials on a large external hard drive and printing materials in case clients request them.
(2) Miss Lingo has prepared for the trip with her sub-laptop and Lingo device, which allows her to access files on her main computer remotely using a wireless mouse.
(3) Lingo is a small portable device that functions as a wireless mouse, MP3 player, USB drive, and enables remote access to another computer. It aims to provide an integrated interface for mobile users.
VoIP provides voice calls over the internet using packet switching rather than traditional circuit switching. The document discusses the technology behind VoIP, including standards like SIP and H.323. While VoIP is still developing, services are appearing that offer VoIP using these standards. The document also outlines issues that have arisen with VoIP implementation and research being done to address these issues, focusing on a case study from the University of Southampton.
RAM allows data to be read and written in roughly the same amount of time regardless of the order accessed, unlike storage media like hard disks that are slower to access data in some locations. A CPU carries out computer program instructions by performing basic arithmetic, logical and input/output operations. A GPU is specialized for rapidly manipulating memory to generate graphics and is more efficient than CPUs for parallel processing of large data blocks. Common display technologies include LCD, CRT and plasma which present video output across a full rectangular area.
The document provides an overview of the Craig-Bampton method for model reduction in finite element analysis. It discusses:
- The background and theory behind the Craig-Bampton method, including defining the Craig-Bampton transformation matrix and deriving the reduced Craig-Bampton mass and stiffness matrices.
- The process for creating a Craig-Bampton model in NASTRAN, including defining the boundary degrees of freedom, solving for modes, and generating the output files.
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The document discusses different types of polymer matrix composites, including thermoset and thermoplastic matrices. It covers various processing techniques for both such as hand layup, filament winding, injection molding. Key properties of the polymer matrix are outlined like protecting reinforcement, transferring load, impact resistance. Common reinforcements include glass, carbon fibers while resins often used are epoxy, polyester.
The document outlines an agenda for a growth acceleration workshop. The key objectives are to understand growth as a default option, discuss various growth choices and approaches, and examine case studies and examples. The agenda includes an introduction, discussion of growth architecture and application through a case study. Unconventional approaches and successful management techniques will also be discussed. The workshop format aims to be informal yet structured, with open discussion and flexibility to change emphasis.
FramePhoto is a full-service photography agency founded this year that works in photojournalism, editorial, and institutional areas. It has published over 2,800 pictures in the last six months, reaching over 12.5 million readers in print media. FramePhoto has partnerships with several major news agencies and photo distribution companies that provide national and international coverage.
Stille før stormen i Alfaz del Pi i Spania. Meldt bra med vind i helgen og her er noen bilder som gir et tegn på hva som kommer.
Liker du spania, vil du elske denne siden
http://www.spania24.no
El documento describe las separaciones de color para una impresión cuatricromática, incluyendo las tintas cian, magenta, amarillo y negro, así como los ángulos de las separaciones.
Fantastisk opplevelse Cuevas del Canelobre i Busot. En 70 meter høy grotte, som virkelig var verdt en besøk. Inngangsbilletten var 5euro for voksen, og 2,5 for barn over 5 år. Alt under gratis. ;)
http://www.spania24.no
En deilig sommerdag langs prominaden i Alicante i Spania. Starten på november og fortsatt full sommer. Rett og slett helt fantastisk ;)
http://www.spania24.no/
The document discusses the benefits of meditation for reducing stress and anxiety. Regular meditation practice can help calm the mind and body by lowering heart rate and blood pressure. Making meditation a part of a daily routine, even if just 10-15 minutes per day, can have mental and physical health benefits over time by helping people feel more relaxed and better able to handle life's stresses.
The document discusses executive coaching and an organization coaching approach. It describes executive coaching as helping clients improve professional performance and organizational effectiveness through behavioral shifts brought about via deeper analysis of dynamics, individuals, and interactions. The organizational coaching approach is described as holistic, sustainable, integrated, and blended, focusing on discovery, diagnosis, implementation of change, and institutionalizing change. The engagement process involves kickoff, diagnosis, agreement, implementation, development of actions for change, and handover.
This document contains an English test for tourism and catering students at the intermediate level. The test covers grammar, vocabulary, and comprehension questions related to the tourism and hospitality industry. It consists of multiple choice, fill in the blank, and matching questions testing knowledge of terms like load factor, overbooking, and time-share. The test is divided into nine sections and takes 35 minutes to complete.
En fantastisk nyttårsaften 2011 i Villajoyosa. Solen varmet og helt vinnstille. Tid for årets siste bad på stranden i Villajoyosa. Norsk badevannstemperatur og helt folketomt. Helt fantastisk.
Busot er en sjarmerende liten by som ligger noen steinkast unna Alicante.
Små koselige kafeer, flotte bygninger og man kommer tett inn på lokalbefolkningen. Vi opplevde å bli vitne til harejægerenes daglige fangst, som de stolt viste frem.
Les mer om Busot på
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This document discusses applying precursor analysis, a risk-informed regulatory approach used in nuclear power, to offshore oil and gas drilling regulation. It was developed in response to the Deepwater Horizon spill. Key points:
1. Precursor analysis targets rare but catastrophic events like oil spills that are not the primary focus of existing regulation. This could improve BOEMRE's ability to prevent such spills.
2. Existing BOEMRE oversight lacks the rigor of precursor analysis' intellectual framework and quantification to properly evaluate spill risk signals from day-to-day operations.
3. Precursor analysis provides a learning framework for both regulators and operators to focus on spill prevention as more operating data is collected over time. It
Content marketing can be challenging with many choices to consider, and by not optimizing efforts money may be left on the table, so getting help to improve strategies and better reach the waiting audience could provide benefits.
Intel APJ Enterprise Day - Synopses of Demos at Intel Collaboration CenterIntelAPAC
This document summarizes demos presented at the Intel Collaboration Center in March 2014. It describes 28 demos covering areas such as collaborative robots, wireless charging, augmented reality paper, in-vehicle infotainment systems, biometric authentication technologies, and perceptual computing applications. Each demo is accompanied by one or more bullet points briefly describing its goals and capabilities. The document concludes with legal disclaimers regarding the information presented.
Intel APJ Enterprise Day - Synopses of Demos at Intel Collaboration CenterIntelAPAC
This document provides summaries of demos presented at the Intel Collaboration Center in March 2014. The demos include:
1. A communication partner robot that can be voice activated and work with companion devices via wireless connectivity.
2. A wireless charging system that allows a laptop to charge by simply being placed on a table with no wires.
3. A new infotainment system that uses projection mapping to display text and multimedia data on physical "paper" cards placed on a table.
ICT, Importance of programming and programming languagesEbin Robinson
This document discusses the importance of programming and programming languages. It provides definitions of computer programming and what programming languages are used for. It discusses why data types are important in programming languages. It also provides examples of popular software including Java, Android KitKat, and iOS.
The document provides an overview of Bosch's portfolio of conference solutions, including the DICENTIS, DICENTIS Wireless, DCN, and CCS 1000 D systems. It highlights key features such as simultaneous interpretation for up to 100 languages, IP-based and wireless solutions, flexible installation options including flush mounting, integrated control systems, and audio recording capabilities. The document emphasizes Bosch's experience developing state-of-the-art and secure conference solutions to meet a wide range of customer needs from small local events to large international conferences.
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is replacing legacy telephone networks by carrying digitized voice in IP data packets over data networks. This chapter introduces VoIP, comparing it to legacy telephone networks, and discusses VoIP standards and protocols. It also introduces WiMAX networks and discusses supporting QoS for multimedia like VoIP over WiMAX. The objectives are to guarantee QoS for multiple service classes over WiMAX and improve VoIP performance. Simulation using OPNET Modeler will analyze VoIP traffic and QoS parameters over WiMAX.
This document discusses the hardware and software requirements for multimedia computers. It covers several topics:
1. It describes different classes of multimedia applications including streaming stored/live audio and video, and real-time interactive audio and video.
2. It discusses various multimedia software like MCI, Video for Windows, QuickTime, DirectX, and authoring tools.
3. It outlines the hardware requirements for multimedia computers as defined by the MPC standards, including components like sound cards, video cards, network cards, and USB/MIDI ports.
Review on portable voice communication system in raspberry piIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on implementing a portable voice communication system using Raspberry Pi and Asterisk. Key points:
- Asterisk is open-source software that turns a standard computer into a voice communications server, allowing the creation of IP PBX systems and VoIP services.
- The proposed system would use a Raspberry Pi running Asterisk to establish voice calls between mobile devices connected to a WiFi network, replacing the need for a traditional expensive PBX system.
- Clients would install the Zoiper SIP client application and configure profiles to make calls between phones and laptops without a SIM card or internet connection needed. This provides a low-cost solution for voice communication over IP networks.
This research work investigates and improves the performance of Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) traffic using IPV4 and IPV6 over WiMAX networks and the impact of various voice codec schemes and statistical distribution for Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) over WiMAX has been investigated in detail.
The document discusses the implementation of two features in an in-vehicle infotainment system: 1) Window Listing Optimization, which optimizes media browsing performance by downloading songs in pages rather than all at once, reducing delays. 2) Korean Smart Speller, which displays only available characters for navigation address entry based on a database, making character entry easier. The features were developed for MAN and SCANIA infotainment units using tools like Doors, JIRA, ELVIS and Perforce.
Android 5.0 Lollipop introduces material design, improved performance, new notification features, enhanced connectivity and graphics capabilities, advanced audio and camera APIs, and enhanced support for enterprise environments. Key updates include a redesigned overview space for multitasking, concurrent document support, improved Bluetooth and networking APIs, OpenGL ES 3.1 graphics, multi-channel audio mixing, raw camera formats and metadata capture, and secure work profiles.
This issue’s feature article, Tuning Autonomous Driving Using Intel® System Studio, illustrates how the tools in Intel System Studio give embedded systems and connected device developers an integrated development environment to build, debug, and tune performance and power usage. Continuing the theme of tuning edge applications, Building Fast Data Compression Code for Cloud and Edge Applications shows how to use the Intel® Integrated Performance Primitives
to speed data compression.
A NEW SYSTEM ON CHIP RECONFIGURABLE GATEWAY ARCHITECTURE FOR VOICE OVER INTER...csandit
The aim of this paper is to present a new System on Chip (SoC) reconfigurable gateway
architecture for Voice over Internet Telephony (VOIP). Our motivation behind this work is
justified by the following arguments: most of VOIP solutions proposed in the market are based
on the use of a general purpose processor and a DSP circuit. In these solutions, the use of the
serial multiply accumulate circuit is very limiting for the signal processing. Also, in embedded
VOIP based DSP applications, the DSP works without MMU (memory management unit). This
is a serious limitation because VOIP solutions are multi-task based. In order to overcome these
problems, we propose a new VOIP gateway architecture built around the OpenRisc-1200-V3
processor. This last one integrates a DSP circuit as well as a MMU. The hardware architecture
is mapped into the VIRTEX-5 FPGA device. We propose a design methodology based on the
design for reuse and design with reuse concepts. We demonstrate that the proposed SoC
architecture is reconfigurable, scalable and the final RTL code can be reused for any FPGA or
ASIC technology. Performances measures, in the VIRTEX-5 FPGA device family, show that the
SOC-gateway architecture occupies 52% of the FPGA in term of slice LUT, 42% of IOBs, 60%
of bloc memory, 8% of integrated DSP, 16% of PLL and the total power is estimated at
4.3Watts.
Freescale i.mx golden presentation for blogger july 2011Dylan Ko
i.MX is Freescale's family of multimedia and display application processors. The i.MX 6 series offers scalable platforms for consumer products with quad, dual, and single core ARM Cortex-A9 processors. It provides high performance with low power consumption for applications like mobile devices, automotive infotainment, and more. The i.MX 6 enables rich user experiences through features like 1080p video playback, 3D graphics, and support for multiple simultaneous users through virtualization.
Vineesh Kumar is seeking an opportunity as an embedded engineer. He has 4.8 years of experience as a senior software engineer developing embedded software for automotive infotainment systems. He has 1.5 years of onsite experience in Japan developing device drivers, audio routing, and multimedia software. He is proficient in C/C++, Windows CE, and has worked with Renesas and Freescale microcontrollers.
Portable voice communication system on raspberry piIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a portable voice communication system using a Raspberry Pi. The system uses Asterisk software to establish communication between mobile devices over WiFi. Asterisk transforms a computer into a communications server by routing voice over internet protocol (VoIP) packets. The researchers propose setting up a Raspberry Pi and laptop on a local network to test a SIP client application. Once configured, the system would allow users to make voice or video calls between phones and laptops without a SIM card or internet by assigning IP addresses and proxies. The portable system provides benefits like low cost, remote access, and reduced wiring compared to traditional PBX phone systems.
Hexolabs provides customizable IVR solutions using their takkit platform to reduce call costs for companies. They have expertise developing successful voice applications and solutions using their HEX 101 server with FreeSwitch software. The HEX 101 supports E1/T1/J1 telephony interfaces and Intel Core i7 architecture to deliver high performance for IP PBX, IVR, voice, and call center applications.
The document provides an overview of the Genesys Voice Portal (GVP) software. It describes the key components of GVP including the Voice Communications Server, Voice Portal Manager, and Genesys Studio. It explains the architecture of GVP and how the components interact and communicate. It also discusses the features and capabilities of GVP such as call handling, speech recognition, text-to-speech, application development tools, and deployment options.
This is introduction to micro processor and assembly language course. In this chapter you are going to be introduced to basic idea of microprocessor. Language hierarchy and virtual machine concept.
NexGenSoftware aims to be a technology company known for right solutions, sound engineering, excellent delivery and customer orientation. It is guided by principles of integrity, reliability, high quality solutions, sound engineering, and alignment with client objectives. The company is led by Sukhdev Singh and Pervinder Singh and offers outsourced software development, product engineering, application support and maintenance, and more using technologies like .NET, mobile and enterprise applications. NexGenSoftware follows processes like validation, testing and knowledge transfer to ensure successful project delivery and has experience delivering projects spanning desktop, client server and web/mobile.
Similar to Delivering ivi-speech-applications-white-paper (20)
Acoustic echo cancellation is mandatory for hands-free communication in vehicles to address the echo from speakers to microphones, but current systems often do not meet quality standards. Future systems are expected to use multi-channel, full duplex, wide-band and multi-microphone acoustic echo cancellation to improve speech quality and intelligibility for safer hands-free calling and voice control features in noisy vehicle environments.
This document provides an overview of engineering acoustics. It begins with foundational concepts of lumped acoustical systems including simple and forced oscillations of springs and masses. It introduces damping and characterization of damped mechanical systems. Analogies are drawn between electro-mechanical and electro-acoustic systems. Additional sections cover one-dimensional wave motion in strings, applications including room acoustics and musical instruments, and specific topics such as bass reflex enclosures, noise reduction, and transducers. The document provides a comprehensive reference on acoustical engineering concepts, models, and applications.
This dissertation examines modeling and simulation of high pressure composite cylinders for hydrogen storage. It presents three papers on this topic:
1. The first paper develops a finite element model and neural network model to predict failure pressures of composite cylinders under mechanical and thermal loads.
2. The second paper extends the finite element model to analyze cylinders subjected to localized flame impingements, considering temperature-dependent properties and different failure modes.
3. The third paper studies fracture behavior of cylinders with an axial surface crack in the liner using fracture mechanics and accounts for the autofrettage effect.
This dissertation presents research on modeling and simulation of high pressure composite cylinders for hydrogen storage. It is divided into three parts. The first part develops a finite element model and neural network model to predict failure pressures of composite cylinders under mechanical and thermal loads. The second part models the behavior of cylinders subjected to flame impingement, including thermal damage and mechanical degradation. The third part studies fracture behavior of cylinders with an axial liner crack under various autofrettage levels using fracture mechanics and a global-local finite element approach.
This document is an edited collection of papers on carbon nanotubes. It contains an editorial and preface introducing the topic of carbon nanotubes. The collection includes papers on the production, structure, properties, and applications of carbon nanotubes. The papers cover topics such as the synthesis of carbon nanotubes from vapor-grown carbon fibers, the growth mechanisms of nanotubes, purification methods, theoretical descriptions of nanotube structure and properties, experimental studies of electronic and vibrational properties, and potential applications of carbon nanotubes.
Bastion Technologies is a mechanical and structural engineering firm that provides engineering services to the offshore oil and gas industry. It has over 400 employees, including approximately 250 engineers working from its headquarters in Houston, Texas. Some of its engineering capabilities include structural and mechanical design, analysis, risk assessment, and training development.
This project aims to recycle carbon fiber composite materials for use in automotive manufacturing. Researchers are developing methods to extract carbon fibers from end-of-life components and manufacturing scrap using fluidized beds or supercritical fluids. The recycled carbon fibers will be used to produce bulk and sheet molding compounds for non-load bearing automotive parts. This recycling will help reduce waste and lower the cost of carbon fiber, allowing increased use in vehicles to reduce weight and emissions.
This document provides a summary of the history and development of shale gas extraction. It notes that while the knowledge that shale rock contains gas is not new, it was the combination of existing technologies in the 1990s that enabled the commercial production of shale gas. George Mitchell is credited with bringing together horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing, 3D seismic exploration to extract natural gas from the Barnett Shale in Texas. His success led other companies to apply the technique to other shale basins. A key surprise was the large reserves discovered in the Marcellus Shale in Pennsylvania in the 2000s. The document provides an overview of the multi-step process used to extract shale gas.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
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advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
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like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
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accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
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providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
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help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
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Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
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The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
1. WHITE PAPER
Intel® Atom™ Processor E6xx Series
Nuance* Speech Technologies
Automotive Industry
Delivering In-Vehicle Speech Applications
with Computing Headroom to Spare
Nuance* and Intel benchmark the speech performance of an Intel® Atom™ processor-based platform
In-Vehicle Infotainment (IVI) applications, such as digital radio,
Internet, DVD video and navigation systems, have evolved from
novelties to “must-have” options for many car buyers. Consumers are drawn to cutting-edge features, such as hands free
phone calls and voice activated navigation systems, which lead
to increased safety and convenience.
This trend was borne out in a recent survey commissioned
by Nuance*, a leading provider of speech technologies. In the
survey of 473 owners of speech-enabled cars, MAIX Market
Research and Consulting Ltd. found a very high usage rate and
acceptance level of speech-enabled functions. Eight out of nine
participants actively use these functions, with over 70 percent
expressing a high level of satisfaction and a willingness to recommend the capabilities to their friends.
When integrating compute-intensive IVI applications, such as
speech, developers have to strike the right balance between
performance, processing power, system size and cost. To satisfy
these requirements, manufacturers of IVI systems need a platform with the performance to deliver innovative features, low
power consumption to fit into small spaces, and a high-level of
integration to lower cost.
Boost speech application performance with
Intel® Software Development Products
This white paper details the performance of a platform based
on the Intel® Atom™ processor E6xx Series running Nuance
voice recognition software, which has less than 25 percent CPU
processing overhead, leaving ample headroom available to run
other applications at the same time. Consequently, the platform
eliminates the need for dedicated signal processing hardware
for noise enhancement. Particular compiler settings enable the
platform to achieve a first response latency of 20 milliseconds
for text-to-speech, which is about five times faster than the
standard requirement. In addition, the use of Intel® Software
Development Products contributed to an over 50 percent signal
processing performance improvement.
2. Delivering In-Vehicle Speech Applications
Speech Use Cases and Technologies
Inside a car is now an environment where many consumers expect an uninterrupted experience of their digital world, complete
with navigation, phone connections, high quality entertainment and up-to-the-minute information. Longer commutes and
increasingly wired lifestyles are creating strong demand for
services that keep drivers connected. They have come to value
the ability to control dialing, vehicle functions, in-car entertainment and navigation systems using speech,1 as illustrated in
Figure 1. Some speech functions are performed on-board by the
IVI system, and others, like dictating emails or web content, may
be performed off-board by servers in the service provider.
Nuance offers speech technologies that facilitate the creation of
new services. These technologies were the basis for the benchmark studies that are discussed in the following section. The key
components are:
• Speech recognition: VoCon* 3200 is a speech recognition
engine that accepts natural, conversational input in multiple
languages.
• Speech Synthesis: Nuance’s Vocalizer for Automotive combines a text-to-speech (TTS) engine, tools and services for
enabling speech output tasks.
• Signal and Noise processing: VoCon 3200 Speech Signal
Enhancement (SSE) removes noise from the microphone input
and sends out a filtered signal.
For more information about Nuance automotive solutions, visit
http://www.nuance.com/for-business/by-solution/automotiveproducts-and-solutions/index.htm
Voice-Activated
Dialing
Voice-Destination
Entry
Command and
Control
Text-to-Speech
On-board
Email
SMS
Web Search
Off-board
Music/Directory
Search
Speech Components
Speech
Recognition
Speech
Synthesis
Speech and Noise
Processing
Figure 1. Speech Use Cases and Technologies for In-Vehicle
Infotainment
2
Intel’s Vision for Enhancing the User Experience
The usability of speech-enabled applications is increasing at a
rapid pace, as IVI systems deliver greater accuracy and improved
user interfaces. The applications are employing more flexible
grammar libraries, which allow drivers to interact using a more
conversational dialogue instead of very fixed, predefined menus.
Thanks in part to powerful processors, speech applications
are accurate and fast, enabling them to be context-aware and
respond quicker (i.e., lower latency). Some of today’s processors,
such as the Intel Atom processor, have the computing headroom
to perform critical noise and echo cancellation functions, thereby
eliminating the need for a digital signal processor (DSP) and providing speech applications and far away listeners on phone calls
a cleaner input signal.
User interfaces are adapting to the driving environment and are
able to integrate better into the multi-model experience, among
other things. With more computing power available in the future,
today’s advanced features will soon become commonplace.
For instance, natural-language processing (NLP) will expand
speech recognition capabilities and enable new services, like a
restaurant finder. Systems will automatically adjust the volume
of navigation prompts in response to ambient noise, or similarly,
lower the radio volume to allow the navigation voice to be heard.
Another innovative feature is open microphone speech input
that constantly listens for voices so drivers don’t have to physically touch their IVI system to turn it on.
3. Delivering In-Vehicle Speech Applications
Performance Testing
This section provides an overview of the performance characterization conducted by Nuance and Intel on an Intel Atom
Processor E6xx Series-based platform, which is briefly described
in the following.
Hardware Platform
Enabling a particularly compact and energy-saving IVI system,
the Intel Atom processor E6xx series is a very low power
system-on-chip (SoC) that offers a new level of platform flexibility. It eliminates proprietary system busses, such as the
front-side bus (FSB), and utilizes the open PCI Express* standard
for processor-to-chipset interfaces. This allows the processor
to be paired with I/O hubs from a variety of vendors that were
designed to meet application specific requirements, as illustrated
in Figure 2.
The processor is industrial grade (-40o to +85oC), satisfying
automotive interior requirements. This highly integrated processor provides for feature-packed computers, such as ultra-sized
COM Express* modules measuring 84 × 55 mm or smaller. No fan
is needed since the processors in the family consume just 2.7 to
3.9 W (Thermal Design Power - TDP).
Running two software threads simultaneously, the processor
performs tasks in parallel, such as navigation and DVD playback
applications. At the same time, the on-chip, power-optimized
2D/3D graphics engine enhances visualization applications with
minimal load on the processor. Well-suited for visualization and
communication tasks, the processor facilitates a multi-modal
experience and enables new usage models. Developers can
deliver a differentiated user experience and still have computing
headroom on-board for future acoustic improvements or to run
other applications concurrently.
DDR2 (800 MT/s
memory down)
SDVO
Intel® High
Definition Audio
Memory Controller
LVDS
SPI Flash port
TM
Intel® Atom
Processor
E6xx Series
Graphics and Video
Acceleration
GPIOs
LPC
SIO ports
PCIe 3x1
PCIe* 1x1
SATA II ports
SD/SDIO/MMC ports
GPIOs
USB 2.0 host ports
I C ports
2
USB 2.0 client port
CAN port
Intel® I/O
Controller Hub
I2S ports
JTAG port
SDIO ports
SPI ports
Video Ins
UARTs
Note: This figure is a generic representation of the platform.
Figure 2. IVI Platform Based on the Intel® Atom™ Processor E6xx Series
3
4. Delivering In-Vehicle Speech Applications
VoCon*
3200
415 utterances
Noise
Results
Recognition
Test
files
with
scores
Figure 3. Speech Recognition Test Methodology
Speech Recognition Characterization
Voice destination entry (VDE) is the most resource-intensive
of the three on-board speech recognition use cases enabled by
VoCon 3200, which also include voice-activated dialing and music
search. VDE takes voice input from the driver and maps it across
the many ways people express address elements, such as towns,
streets, zip codes, house numbers, etc.
Testing was done on 415 pre-recorded utterances spoken by
various U.S. English speakers. This workload was issued as a wav
file (Figure 3), which was batch processed by the platform. Noise
was introduced to assess impact on the system overhead and
performance measurements, accomplished by wav file superposition for single channel, including various signal-to-noise ratios
(SNRs) to simulate different conditions.
The VoCon 3200 software was compiled and optimized in
several different ways. The initial version, or baseline, was a
ported version of VoCon 3200 running on the MeeGo* operating
system and built with the GCC* compiler. Next, VoCon 3200 was
recompiled using the Intel® C++ Compiler with specific optimizations (see Appendix A) for the Intel Atom processor. This resulted
in 18.2 percent median improvement in average latency percentage, as shown in Table 1.
VoCon* 3200
Performance parameter
Latency Improvement using
the Intel® C++ Compiler compared to the GCC* Complier
Average latency
17.61%
Median latency
18.23%
Maximum latency
18.23%
Maximum latency
26.79%
Table 1. Performance improvements for Latency on VoCon* 3200
Compiled Intel® C++ Compilers as compared to GCC*
4
Further testing investigated the impact of system memory
paging, which was significant given the grammar library was
a very large 362 megabyte (MB) file. The default was 20 MB
paging, which specifies the maximum amount of system memory
that could be used for the library; 20 MB is a recommended setting for many IVI systems available today. The implication is that
when VoCon 3200 required data that wasn’t already in system
memory, a new page would be loaded from the solid state drive
(SSD), which added considerable latency.
However, with increased memory capacity available on the Intel
Atom processor-based platform, it’s possible to employ much
larger pages, allowing the entire grammar file to be loaded into
memory with paging disabled and thus, improving performance.
Demonstrating this performance improvement, another test
was run with paging disabled, so there was no set limit on the
amount of system memory available to VoCon 3200. This change
produced an additional seven percent improvement in average
latency, attributable to reduced SSD wait times.
The Nuance software utilized less than 25 percent of the Intel
Atom processor, thereby making plenty of computing headroom
available to other applications running on an IVI system.3
5. Delivering In-Vehicle Speech Applications
Vocalizer Performance
Parameter
Performance Improvement:
From GCC* Compiler to Intel® C++ Compiler
(higher is better)
Cumulative latency
40%
First response latency
34%
Processing overhead
38%
Table 2. Comparison of Average Latency percentage for VoCon* 3200
Compiled with the GCC* and Intel® C++ Compilers
Speech Synthesis Characterization
Signal and Noise Processing Characterization
Further Intel platform characterization was done using the
Nuance Vocalizer for Automotive, a text-to-speech (TTS) engine
for speech synthesis. The key metric, like the last test, is average
first response latency because it is imperative to minimize user
wait time.
The final characterization study was done on the VoCon 3200
Speech Signal Enhancement (SSE) software, which performs signal processing on the microphone input and removes noise. The
quality of the output signal can be improved further by increasing the number of microphones in the vehicle. This can be seen
by using the Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ)
measurement metrics, which provides an algorithmic means to
quantify voice quality relative to actual human listeners (see
sidebar).
The Nuance Vocalizer for Automotive was compiled with two
compilers, as in the prior VoCon 3200 study. Compared to the
GCC compiler, the Intel C++ compiler produced a dramatic 40 percent improvement in cumulative latency and 34 percent improvement in first response latency, as shown in Table 2. In addition,
the Intel Atom Processor E6xx Series-based platform demonstrated first response latency as low as 20 milliseconds, which is
about five times faster than the standard industry requirement.
The processing overhead was also reduced by 38 percent.
The benefit of adding microphone channels is shown in Figure 4,
where the delta in the PESQ MOS score is measured for different channel configurations. The addition of microphone channels
notably improves the sound quality, as denoted by the higher
values.
Voice Quality Improvement For Different Numbers of Channels
Delta PESQ MOS Score
1.0
Higher is greater sound improvement
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
1 channel
2 channels
4 channels
Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR)
Human Factors (HF)
Figure 4. Voice Quality Improvement from Adding Microphones
5
6. Delivering In-Vehicle Speech Applications
When using more microphones, the signal processing workload
increases for the IVI system. This is illustrated in Figure 5, showing the average normalized latency increasing somewhat linearly
with the number of microphone channels. Yet, the Intel Atom
processor is capable of processing inputs from multiple sources
simultaneously, with low CPU overhead and without using a DSP,
which can lower system cost.
Average Normalized Latency
14%
Lower is better
12%
10%
What is PESQ?2
PESQ stands for “Perceptual Evaluation of Speech
Quality” and is an enhanced perceptual quality measurement for voice quality in telecommunications according to
models of the human perception. Today, PESQ is an international metric for measuring end-to-end voice quality.
The leading subjective measurement of voice quality is
the mean opinion score (MOS), based on a large number
of people listening to audio and giving their opinion of the
call quality, as illustrated in Figure 6. MOS scores, ranging
from “very satisfied” to “not recommended,” are mapped
to “R” factors, which can be generated electronically and
account for network impairments and delays. Combining
the best aspects of its predecessors, PESQ is acknowledged for its high degree of correlation to subjective MOS
testing.
User Satisfaction
8%
100
6%
90
4%
80
2%
0%
2-ch
4-ch
1-ch
Figure 5. Performance Impact from Adding Microphone Channels
R
70
60
50
0
Very satisfied
Satisfied
Some users dissatisfied
Many users dissatisfied
Nearly all users dissatisfied
Not recommended
Figure 6. MOS Diagram
6
5.0
4.3
4.0
3.6
3.1
2.6
1.0
MOS
7. Delivering In-Vehicle Speech Applications
Case
Intel® C++ Compiler
Average Latency
Improvement over GCC*
Compiler Baseline
Intel® C++ compiler (version
11.1.109) with SIMD-optimization
37.2 %
Intel C++ compiler (version
11.1.109) with SIMD-optimization
plus Intel® Integrated
Performance Primitives (Intel® IPP)
functions
The Intel C++ Compilers for Linux* and Microsoft* Windows*
operating systems are optimized to harness key properties of
Intel® architecture processors and deliver optimal performance.
They take advantage of a complex set of heuristics to decide
which assembly instructions can best optimize the performance
in various areas, including memory access, branch prediction,
vectorization and floating point operations.
54.9 %
Intel® Integrated Performance Primitives (Intel® IPP)
Table 3. Average Latency improvement using SIMD instructions
and Intel® IPP
Again, the code was compiled using the GCC and Intel C++ compilers, but this time with single-instruction, multiple-data (SIMD)
instructions (see sidebar) and Intel® Integrated Performance
Primitives (Intel® IPP), a library of highly optimized routines for
the handling of multimedia formats. Table 3 shows the latency
reduction (i.e., performance gains) over using the GCC compiler.
The results demonstrate that voice enhancement does not
require dedicated DSP for enhancement, since the Intel Atom
processor can execute the algorithm while maintaining sufficient
performance headroom.
Intel® Software Development Products Overview
Developers of signal processing applications have a wide choice
of development tools from Intel and the broad Intel ecosystem.
The benefits of using these comprehensive tool suites are many,
and the tools are applicable to every phase of the software
development process.
Intel Integrated Performance Primitives offers a rich set of
library functions and codecs capable of speeding up the development of highly optimized routines for the handling of multimedia
formats and data of any kind. They have been hand optimized
at a low level to provide maximum performance and ease of use
with Intel architecture processor-based platforms.
Intel® Parallel Studio XE 2011
Intel® Parallel Studio XE combines Intel’s industry-leading C/C++
compilers, performance and parallel libraries, error checking,
code robustness and performance profiling tools into a single
suite offering. This tool helps developers boost application performance and increase the code quality, security and reliability.
For more information about Intel® Software Development
Products, please visit http://software.intel.com/en-us/intel-sdphome.
What are SIMD Instructions?
Many signal processing applications are highly parallel, performing the same arithmetic operation on large number sets. Speeding up these workloads, single-instruction,
multiple-data (SIMD) instructions were introduced in the mid 1990’s, and they
perform the same operation on multiple data elements simultaneously, as illustrated
below. The throughput of a SIMD instruction is a function of register size because
larger registers translate into greater throughput.
SIMD
2
3
5
11
20
+
9
11
2
1
5
=
11
14
7
12
25
The Intel® Atom™ processor E6xx series supports Intel® Streaming SIMD Extensions
2 and 3 (Intel® SSE2 and Intel® SSE3) and Supplemental Streaming SIMD Extensions 3
(SSSE3).
7