Nowadays, corporations and a government agencies relay on computer-based information system to manage their information, this information may be classified, so it will be dangerous if it is disclosed by unauthorized persons. Therefore, there is urgent need for defense. In this research, defense has been categorized into four mechanisms technical defense, operation defense, management defense, and physical defense based on the logic of computer and network security. Also, each mechanism has been investigated and explained in the term of computer based information systems.
DEFENSE MECHANISMS FOR COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
Nowadays, corporations and a government agencies relay on computer-based information system to
manage their information, this information may be classified, so it will be dangerous if it is disclosed by
unauthorized persons. Therefore, there is urgent need for defense. In this research, defense has been
categorized into four mechanisms technical defense, operation defense, management defense, and physical
defense based on the logic of computer and network security. Also, each mechanism has been investigated
and explained in the term of computer based information systems.
Applicability of Network Logs for Securing Computer SystemsIDES Editor
Logging the events occurring on the network has
become very essential and thus playing a major role in
monitoring the events in order to keep check over them so
that they doesn’t harm any resources of the system or the
system itself. The analysis of network logs are becoming the
beneficial security research oriented field which will be desired
in the computer era. Organizations are reluctant to expose
their logs due to risk of attackers stealing the sensitive
information from their respective logs. In this paper we are
defining architecture and the security measures that can be
applied for a particular network log.
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
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Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
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The technology behind information systems in today’s world has been embedded in nearly every aspect of our lives. Thus, the idea of securing our information systems and/or computer networks has become very paramount. Owing to the significance of computer networks in transporting the information and knowledge generated by the increased diversity and sophistication of computational machinery, it would be very imperative to engage the services of network security professionals to manage the resources that are passed through the various terminals (end points) of the these network, so as to achieve a maximum reliability of the information passed, making sure that this is achieved without creating a discrepancy between the security and usability of such network. This paper examines the various techniques involved in securely maintaining the safe states of an active computer network, its resources and the information it carries. We examined techniques of compromising an information system by breaking into the system without authorised access (Hacking), we also looked at the various phases of digital analysis of an already compromised system, and then we investigated the tools and techniques for digitally analysing a compromised system in other to bring it back to a safe state.
DEFENSE MECHANISMS FOR COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
Nowadays, corporations and a government agencies relay on computer-based information system to
manage their information, this information may be classified, so it will be dangerous if it is disclosed by
unauthorized persons. Therefore, there is urgent need for defense. In this research, defense has been
categorized into four mechanisms technical defense, operation defense, management defense, and physical
defense based on the logic of computer and network security. Also, each mechanism has been investigated
and explained in the term of computer based information systems.
Applicability of Network Logs for Securing Computer SystemsIDES Editor
Logging the events occurring on the network has
become very essential and thus playing a major role in
monitoring the events in order to keep check over them so
that they doesn’t harm any resources of the system or the
system itself. The analysis of network logs are becoming the
beneficial security research oriented field which will be desired
in the computer era. Organizations are reluctant to expose
their logs due to risk of attackers stealing the sensitive
information from their respective logs. In this paper we are
defining architecture and the security measures that can be
applied for a particular network log.
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
The technology behind information systems in today’s world has been embedded in nearly every aspect of our lives. Thus, the idea of securing our information systems and/or computer networks has become very paramount. Owing to the significance of computer networks in transporting the information and knowledge generated by the increased diversity and sophistication of computational machinery, it would be very imperative to engage the services of network security professionals to manage the resources that are passed through the various terminals (end points) of the these network, so as to achieve a maximum reliability of the information passed, making sure that this is achieved without creating a discrepancy between the security and usability of such network. This paper examines the various techniques involved in securely maintaining the safe states of an active computer network, its resources and the information it carries. We examined techniques of compromising an information system by breaking into the system without authorised access (Hacking), we also looked at the various phases of digital analysis of an already compromised system, and then we investigated the tools and techniques for digitally analysing a compromised system in other to bring it back to a safe state.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
https://mloey.github.io/courses/security2017.html
We will discuss the following: Cryptography, Computer Security, OSI Security Architecture, Security Structure Scheme, Key Properties, Symmetric Encryption, Asymmetric Encryption, finally Our Book
Blueprint for Cyber Security Zone ModelingITIIIndustries
The increasing need to implement on-line services for all industries has placed greater focus upon the security controls deployed to protect the corporate network. The demand for cyber security is further required when IT solutions are built to operate in the cloud. As more business activities are migrated to the on-line channel the security protection systems must cater for a variety of applications. This includes access for enterprise users who are mobile, working from home, or situated at business partner locations. One set of key security measures deployed to protect the enterprise perimeter include firewalls, network routers, and access gateways. In addition, a set of controls are also in place for cloud enabled IT solutions. Collectively these components make up a set of protection systems referred to as the security zones. In this paper, a security zone model that has been deployed in practice for the industry is presented. The zone model serves as a design blueprint to validate existing architectures or to assist in the design of new cyber security zone deployments.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A technical review and comparative analysis of machine learning techniques fo...IJECEIAES
Machine learning techniques are being widely used to develop an intrusion detection system (IDS) for detecting and classifying cyber attacks at the network-level and the host-level in a timely and automatic manner. However, Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), based on traditional machine learning methods, lacks reliability and accuracy. Instead of the traditional machine learning used in previous researches, we think deep learning has the potential to perform better in extracting features of massive data considering the massive cyber traffic in real life. Generally Mobile Ad Hoc Networks have given the low physical security for mobile devices, because of the properties such as node mobility, lack of centralized management and limited bandwidth. To tackle these security issues, traditional cryptography schemes can-not completely safeguard MANETs in terms of novel threats and vulnerabilities, thus by applying Deep learning methods techniques in IDS are capable of adapting the dynamic environments of MANETs and enables the system to make decisions on intrusion while continuing to learn about their mobile environment. An IDS in MANET is a sensoring mechanism that monitors nodes and network activities in order to detect malicious actions and malicious attempt performed by Intruders. Recently, multiple deep learning approaches have been proposed to enhance the performance of intrusion detection system. In this paper, we made a systematic comparison of three models, Inceprtion architecture convolutional neural network (Inception-CNN), Bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) and deep belief network (DBN) on the deep learning-based intrusion detection systems, using the NSL-KDD dataset containing information about intrusion and regular network connections, the goal is to provide basic guidance on the choice of deep learning models in MANET.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
https://mloey.github.io/courses/security2017.html
We will discuss the following: Cryptography, Computer Security, OSI Security Architecture, Security Structure Scheme, Key Properties, Symmetric Encryption, Asymmetric Encryption, finally Our Book
Blueprint for Cyber Security Zone ModelingITIIIndustries
The increasing need to implement on-line services for all industries has placed greater focus upon the security controls deployed to protect the corporate network. The demand for cyber security is further required when IT solutions are built to operate in the cloud. As more business activities are migrated to the on-line channel the security protection systems must cater for a variety of applications. This includes access for enterprise users who are mobile, working from home, or situated at business partner locations. One set of key security measures deployed to protect the enterprise perimeter include firewalls, network routers, and access gateways. In addition, a set of controls are also in place for cloud enabled IT solutions. Collectively these components make up a set of protection systems referred to as the security zones. In this paper, a security zone model that has been deployed in practice for the industry is presented. The zone model serves as a design blueprint to validate existing architectures or to assist in the design of new cyber security zone deployments.
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering(IOSR-JECE) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of electronics and communication engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in electronics and communication engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
A technical review and comparative analysis of machine learning techniques fo...IJECEIAES
Machine learning techniques are being widely used to develop an intrusion detection system (IDS) for detecting and classifying cyber attacks at the network-level and the host-level in a timely and automatic manner. However, Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), based on traditional machine learning methods, lacks reliability and accuracy. Instead of the traditional machine learning used in previous researches, we think deep learning has the potential to perform better in extracting features of massive data considering the massive cyber traffic in real life. Generally Mobile Ad Hoc Networks have given the low physical security for mobile devices, because of the properties such as node mobility, lack of centralized management and limited bandwidth. To tackle these security issues, traditional cryptography schemes can-not completely safeguard MANETs in terms of novel threats and vulnerabilities, thus by applying Deep learning methods techniques in IDS are capable of adapting the dynamic environments of MANETs and enables the system to make decisions on intrusion while continuing to learn about their mobile environment. An IDS in MANET is a sensoring mechanism that monitors nodes and network activities in order to detect malicious actions and malicious attempt performed by Intruders. Recently, multiple deep learning approaches have been proposed to enhance the performance of intrusion detection system. In this paper, we made a systematic comparison of three models, Inceprtion architecture convolutional neural network (Inception-CNN), Bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) and deep belief network (DBN) on the deep learning-based intrusion detection systems, using the NSL-KDD dataset containing information about intrusion and regular network connections, the goal is to provide basic guidance on the choice of deep learning models in MANET.
Layered Approach for Preprocessing of Data in Intrusion Prevention SystemsEditor IJCATR
Due to extensive growth of the Internet and increasing availability of tools and methods for intruding and attacking
networks, intrusion detection has become a critical component of network security parameters. TCP/IP protocol suite is the defacto
standard for communication on the Internet. The underlying vulnerabilities in the protocols is the root cause of intrusions. Therefor
Intrusion detection system becomes an important element in network security that controls real time data and leads to huge
dimensional problem. Processing large number of packets and data in real time is very difficult and costly. Therefor data preprocessing
is necessary to remove redundant and unwanted information from packets and clean network data. Here, we are focusing on
two important aspects of intrusion detection; one is accuracy and other is performance. The layered approach of TCP/IP model can be
applied to packet pre-processing to achieve early and faster intrusion detection. Motivation for the paper comes from the large impact
data preprocessing has on the accuracy and capability of anomaly-based NIPS. In this paper it is demonstrated that high attack
detection accuracy can be achieved by using layered approach for data preprocessing in Internet. To reduce false positive rate and to
increase efficiency of detection, the paper proposed framework for preprocessing in intrusion prevention system. We experimented
with real time network traffic as well as he KDDcup99 dataset for our research.
Security Issues Concerning Cryptosystems
Students Name
Institution Name
Instructor Name
Date
Introduction
In industry technology, cryptography refers to a technology that has the power to perform significant functions in discoursing specific forms of data susceptibility to attack.
It involves computer system security together with its operation network safety which functions towards accomplishing common subjects.
Cryptography in the technology industry is used to secret information from attack by unofficial groups, mostly during the exchange of information through entities when it is most unprotected to interception (Deb, 2007) .
It ensure that data is secure and confidential to all activities in the technology industry.
2
Security Threats To Technology Industry
Some of the common security threats in the technology industry include;
Privilege escalation which entails structured software activities that in many times have problems that can be exploited and have the power to access data significantly from sites protected from unauthorized users or applications and cause damages.
A virus is the other threat which involves computer software which has the power to copy and cause problems to other devices.
The trojan threat also known as Trojan horses are structured activities that aim at authorizing hidden hackers to enter into a computer and affect services and cause data issues Veronica (Henry,2010) .
The bugs in the privilege escalation threat act by tolerating approach to specific resources with significant rights that can avoid security measures.
The virus threat is transferred via interconnected networks or sharing devices like USB and portable means.
The main role of adware is to improve the focus on the demonstration of web advertisements.
3
Cont,
Spyware is a threat that can enter into a computer device via downloaded software and collect significant user data by tracing the internet functions and transferring that to attacking components.
Adware is a threat that functions just like spyware by monitoring individuals activities in a computer through internet scanning actions.
Impacts of security threats
In the technology industry the threats mentioned above have led to impacts like;
Social media attacks where social attackers are influencing social platforms as a way to spread risks known as water holing.
They also cause a lack of encryption which is essential for guarding confidential data.
The threats also cause outdated security software making them unable to prevent information from attacks.
They also cause inadequate security technology with weak security.
Countermeasure
Some of the fundamental countermeasures the technology industry uses include;
Ensuring strong password management
Employing firm security guards
Applying access management around an operating system
The sector also involves the implementation of important input/output systems known as BIOS password
Additionally, it also offers security awareness t.
Team research paper and project on network vulnerabilities with multiple attacks and defesnses:
Cybersecurity
-For this project, our class was paired with teams to attempt to find vulnerabilities in other teams networks and to successfully beach their network.
-My role in this group was to help breach other team vulnerabilities through different attacks like responder attacks, honeypots, etc.
-The main challenges of this project were trying to find the vulnerabilities successfully, as the whole team had troubles with each of our different attacks and defenses.
-We learned how to use cybersecurity tools to help find vulnerabilities in networks and how to protect against them better. For example, in the honeypot we used we deployed it to port 80, when the attacker tried to access our fake server we were notified. We also deployed palto alto firewall to create our private and secure network. For an attack, we also used password crackers like john the ripper. This project taught us how to breach networks as a team.
Discuss how a successful organization should have the followin.docxcuddietheresa
Discuss how a successful organization should have the following layers of security in place for the protection of its operations: information security management, data security, and network security.
Multiple Layers of Security
Marlowe Rooks posted Mar 13, 2020 9:54 AM
Looking at Vacca”s book chapter 1, “Information security management as a field is ever increasing in demand and responsibility because most organizations spend increasingly larger percentages of their IT budgets in attempting to manage risk and mitigate intrusions, not to mention the trend in many enterprises of moving all IT operations to an Internet-connected infrastructure, known as enterprise cloud computing (John R. Vacca, 2014)”. It is the organization responsibility to protect its business and its client information at all times. With that said I’m going to break down why companies need to have multiple layers of security and what types they should implement below.
The first layer is Information security management which can be from Physical Security, or Personnel Security. Physical Security can range from physical items, objects, or areas from unauthorized access and misuse. Personnel Security is to protect the individual or group of individuals who are authorized to access the organization and its operations. Some of the reason to implement Information Security is as follow:
· Decrease in downtime of IT systems
· Decrease in security related incidents
· Increase in meeting an organization's compliance requirements and standards
· Increase in customer satisfaction, demonstrating that security issues are tackled in the most appropriate manner
· Increase in quality of service
· Process approach adoption, which helps account for all legal and regulatory requirements
· More easily identifiable and managed risks
· Also covers information security (IS) (in addition to IT information security)
· Provides a competitive edge to an organization with the help of tackling risks and managing resources/processes
The second layer would be Data Security which can be refers to the process of protecting data from unauthorized access and data corruption throughout its lifecycle. Data security includes data encryption, tokenization, and key management practices that protect data across all applications and platforms. Some of the reason to implement Data Security is as follow:
· Cloud access security – Protection platform that allows you to move to the cloud securely while protecting data in cloud applications.
· Data encryption – Data-centric and tokenization security solutions that protect data across enterprise, cloud, mobile and big data environments.
· Web Browser Security - Protects sensitive data captured at the browser, from the point the customer enters cardholder or personal data, and keeps it protected through the ecosystem to the trusted host destination.
· Mobile App Security - Protecting sensitive data in native mobile apps while safeguarding the data end-to-end.
· eMai ...
Discuss how a successful organization should have the followin.docxsalmonpybus
Discuss how a successful organization should have the following layers of security in place for the protection of its operations: information security management, data security, and network security.
Multiple Layers of Security
Marlowe Rooks posted Mar 13, 2020 9:54 AM
Looking at Vacca”s book chapter 1, “Information security management as a field is ever increasing in demand and responsibility because most organizations spend increasingly larger percentages of their IT budgets in attempting to manage risk and mitigate intrusions, not to mention the trend in many enterprises of moving all IT operations to an Internet-connected infrastructure, known as enterprise cloud computing (John R. Vacca, 2014)”. It is the organization responsibility to protect its business and its client information at all times. With that said I’m going to break down why companies need to have multiple layers of security and what types they should implement below.
The first layer is Information security management which can be from Physical Security, or Personnel Security. Physical Security can range from physical items, objects, or areas from unauthorized access and misuse. Personnel Security is to protect the individual or group of individuals who are authorized to access the organization and its operations. Some of the reason to implement Information Security is as follow:
· Decrease in downtime of IT systems
· Decrease in security related incidents
· Increase in meeting an organization's compliance requirements and standards
· Increase in customer satisfaction, demonstrating that security issues are tackled in the most appropriate manner
· Increase in quality of service
· Process approach adoption, which helps account for all legal and regulatory requirements
· More easily identifiable and managed risks
· Also covers information security (IS) (in addition to IT information security)
· Provides a competitive edge to an organization with the help of tackling risks and managing resources/processes
The second layer would be Data Security which can be refers to the process of protecting data from unauthorized access and data corruption throughout its lifecycle. Data security includes data encryption, tokenization, and key management practices that protect data across all applications and platforms. Some of the reason to implement Data Security is as follow:
· Cloud access security – Protection platform that allows you to move to the cloud securely while protecting data in cloud applications.
· Data encryption – Data-centric and tokenization security solutions that protect data across enterprise, cloud, mobile and big data environments.
· Web Browser Security - Protects sensitive data captured at the browser, from the point the customer enters cardholder or personal data, and keeps it protected through the ecosystem to the trusted host destination.
· Mobile App Security - Protecting sensitive data in native mobile apps while safeguarding the data end-to-end.
· eMai.
Security and Ethical Challenges Contributors Kim Wanders.docxedgar6wallace88877
Security and Ethical Challenges
Contributors: Kim Wandersee, Les Pang
Computer Security
Computer Security Goals
Computer security must be viewed in a holistic manner and provide an end-to-end protection
as data moves through its lifecycle. Data originates from a user or sensor, passes over a
network to reach a computing system that hosts software. This computer system has software
and processes the data and stores in in a storage device. That data is backed up on a device
and finally archived. The elements that handle the data need to be secure. Computer security
pertains to all the means to protect the confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity,
utility, and possession of data throughout its lifecycle.
Confidentiality: A security principle that
works to ensure that data is not disclosed to
unauthorized persons.
Integrity: A security principle that makes sure
that information and systems are not
modified maliciously or accidentally.
Availability: A security principle that assures
reliable and timely access to data and
resources by authorized individuals.
Authenticity: A security principle that the
data, transactions, communications or
documents are genuine, valid, and not
fraudulent.
Utility: A security principle that addresses
that the information is usable for its intended
purpose. .
Possession: A security principle that works to
ensure that data remains under the control of
the authorized individuals.
Figure 1. Parkerian Hexad (PH) security model.
The Parerian Hexad (PH) model expands on the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA)
triad that has been the basic model of Information Security for over 20 years. This framework is
used to list all aspects of security at a basic level. It provides a complete security framework to
provide the means for information owners to protect their information from any adversaries
and vulnerabilities. It adds Authenticity, Utility, and Possession to CIA triad security model. It
addresses security aspects for data throughout its lifecycle.
The Center for Internet Security has identified 20 controls necessary to protect an organization
from known cyber-attack. The first 5 controls will provide effective defense against the most
common cyber-attacks, approximately 85% of attacks. The 5 controls are:
1. Inventory of Authorized and Devices
2. Inventory of Authorized and Unauthorized Software
3. Secure Configurations for Hardware and Software
4. Continuous Vulnerability Assessment and Remediation
5. Controlled User of Administrative Privileges
A full explanation of all 20 controls is available at the Center for Internet Security website.
Search for CIS controls.
Security Standards and Regulations
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Computer Security Division, provides
security standards in its Federal Information Processing Standards (.
Security and Ethical Challenges Contributors Kim Wanders.docxfathwaitewalter
Security and Ethical Challenges
Contributors: Kim Wandersee, Les Pang
Computer Security
Computer Security Goals
Computer security must be viewed in a holistic manner and provide an end-to-end protection
as data moves through its lifecycle. Data originates from a user or sensor, passes over a
network to reach a computing system that hosts software. This computer system has software
and processes the data and stores in in a storage device. That data is backed up on a device
and finally archived. The elements that handle the data need to be secure. Computer security
pertains to all the means to protect the confidentiality, integrity, availability, authenticity,
utility, and possession of data throughout its lifecycle.
Confidentiality: A security principle that
works to ensure that data is not disclosed to
unauthorized persons.
Integrity: A security principle that makes sure
that information and systems are not
modified maliciously or accidentally.
Availability: A security principle that assures
reliable and timely access to data and
resources by authorized individuals.
Authenticity: A security principle that the
data, transactions, communications or
documents are genuine, valid, and not
fraudulent.
Utility: A security principle that addresses
that the information is usable for its intended
purpose. .
Possession: A security principle that works to
ensure that data remains under the control of
the authorized individuals.
Figure 1. Parkerian Hexad (PH) security model.
The Parerian Hexad (PH) model expands on the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA)
triad that has been the basic model of Information Security for over 20 years. This framework is
used to list all aspects of security at a basic level. It provides a complete security framework to
provide the means for information owners to protect their information from any adversaries
and vulnerabilities. It adds Authenticity, Utility, and Possession to CIA triad security model. It
addresses security aspects for data throughout its lifecycle.
The Center for Internet Security has identified 20 controls necessary to protect an organization
from known cyber-attack. The first 5 controls will provide effective defense against the most
common cyber-attacks, approximately 85% of attacks. The 5 controls are:
1. Inventory of Authorized and Devices
2. Inventory of Authorized and Unauthorized Software
3. Secure Configurations for Hardware and Software
4. Continuous Vulnerability Assessment and Remediation
5. Controlled User of Administrative Privileges
A full explanation of all 20 controls is available at the Center for Internet Security website.
Search for CIS controls.
Security Standards and Regulations
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Computer Security Division, provides
security standards in its Federal Information Processing Standards ( ...
Network infrastructures have played important part in most daily communications for business industries,
social networking, government sectors and etc. Despites the advantages that came from such
functionalities, security threats have become a daily struggle. One major security threat is hacking.
Consequently, security experts and researchers have suggested possible security solutions such as
Firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDP) and
Honeynet. Yet, none of these solutions have proven their ability to completely address hacking. The reason
behind that, there is a few researches that examine the behavior of hackers. This paper formally and
practically examines in details the behavior of hackers and their targeted environments. Moreover, this
paper formally examines the properties of one essential pre-hacking step called scanning and highlights its
importance in developing hacking strategies. Also, it illustrates the properties of hacking that is common in
most hacking strategies to assist security experts and researchers towards minimizing the risk of hack.
DETERRING HACKING STRATEGIES VIA TARGETING SCANNING PROPERTIESIJNSA Journal
Network infrastructures have played important part in most daily communications for business industries, social networking, government sectors and etc. Despites the advantages that came from such functionalities, security threats have become a daily struggle. One major security threat is hacking. Consequently, security experts and researchers have suggested possible security solutions such as Firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems (IDP) and Honeynet. Yet, none of these solutions have proven their ability to completely address hacking. The reason behind that, there is a few researches that examine the behavior of hackers. This paper formally and practically examines in details the behavior of hackers and their targeted environments. Moreover, this paper formally examines the properties of one essential pre-hacking step called scanning and highlights its importance in developing hacking strategies. Also, it illustrates the properties of hacking that is common in most hacking strategies to assist security experts and researchers towards minimizing the risk of hack.
Cyber Warfare is the current single greatest emerging threat to National Security. Network security has become an essential component of any computer network. As computer networks and systems become ever more fundamental to modern society, concerns about security has become increasingly important. There are a multitude of different applications open source and proprietary available for the protection +-system administrator, to decide on the most suitable format for their purpose requires knowledge of the available safety measures, their features and how they affect the quality of service, as well as the kind of data they will be allowing through un flagged. A majority of methods currently used to ensure the quality of a networks service are signature based. From this information, and details on the specifics of popular applications and their implementation methods, we have carried through the ideas, incorporating our own opinions, to formulate suggestions on how this could be done on a general level. The main objective was to design and develop an Intrusion Detection System. While the minor objectives were to; Design a port scanner to determine potential threats and mitigation techniques to withstand these attacks. Implement the system on a host and Run and test the designed IDS. In this project we set out to develop a Honey Pot IDS System. It would make it easy to listen on a range of ports and emulate a network protocol to track and identify any individuals trying to connect to your system. This IDS will use the following design approaches: Event correlation, Log analysis, Alerting, and policy enforcement. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) attempt to identify unauthorized use, misuse, and abuse of computer systems. In response to the growth in the use and development of IDSs, we have developed a methodology for testing IDSs. The methodology consists of techniques from the field of software testing which we have adapted for the specific purpose of testing IDSs. In this paper, we identify a set of general IDS performance objectives which is the basis for the methodology. We present the details of the methodology, including strategies for test-case selection and specific testing procedures. We include quantitative results from testing experiments on the Network Security Monitor (NSM), an IDS developed at UC Davis. We present an overview of the software platform that we have used to create user-simulation scripts for testing experiments. The platform consists of the UNIX tool expect and enhancements that we have developed, including mechanisms for concurrent scripts and a record-and-replay feature. We also provide background information on intrusions and IDSs to motivate our work.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
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DEFENSE MECHANISMS FOR COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEMS
1. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.5, No.5, September 2013
DOI : 10.5121/ijnsa.2013.5509 107
DEFENSE MECHANISMS FOR
COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
Majid Alshammari1
and Christian Bach2
1
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, University
of Bridgeport
2
Department of Technology Management and Biomedical Engineering, School of
Engineering, University of Bridgeport
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, corporations and a government agencies relay on computer-based information system to
manage their information, this information may be classified, so it will be dangerous if it is disclosed by
unauthorized persons. Therefore, there is urgent need for defense. In this research, defense has been
categorized into four mechanisms technical defense, operation defense, management defense, and physical
defense based on the logic of computer and network security. Also, each mechanism has been investigated
and explained in the term of computer based information systems.
KEYWARDS
ComputerBased Information System,
INTRODUCTION
Computer-based information systems CBIS have been around for a long time in organization.
These systems help organizations to get a reliable and a centralized access to their stored
information. Accordingly, most of organizations relay on computer based information systems,
but this kind of reliance may be catastrophic if a disruption occurs [1]. An example, a survey of
U.S. insurance companies found that 90 percent of these firms, which are dependent upon
computer based information systems, would fail after a significant loss or disruption of the CBIS
facility [2], this survey shows the importance of computer based information systems security
because any security weakness in computer based information systems may led to major service
interruption, and may unwanted exposure of sensitive information of the organizations [3]. Thus,
it is importance to investigate the defense mechanisms for computer-based information systems to
increase its efficiency and security.
2. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.5, No.5, September 2013
Computer-based information systems have three major components. The first component is
computers. The second component is network. And the third component is human. Therefore,
Implementation defense mechanisms for computer
the three components.
RESEARCH METHOD
An extensive literature search in computers security, networks security, and computer
information systems helps to build a general model for defense mechanisms of computer
information system. The first mechanism is technical defense. The second mechanism is
operational defense. The third mechanism is managerial defense. The forth mechanism is phy
defense. The figure below presents the four mechanisms and the related hypothesis to reach the
desired goal.
Figure 1: Defense mechanism model of computer
International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.5, No.5, September 2013
ion systems have three major components. The first component is
computers. The second component is network. And the third component is human. Therefore,
Implementation defense mechanisms for computer-based information systems should cover all
An extensive literature search in computers security, networks security, and computer
helps to build a general model for defense mechanisms of computer
information system. The first mechanism is technical defense. The second mechanism is
operational defense. The third mechanism is managerial defense. The forth mechanism is phy
defense. The figure below presents the four mechanisms and the related hypothesis to reach the
Figure 1: Defense mechanism model of computer-based information system
International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.5, No.5, September 2013
108
ion systems have three major components. The first component is
computers. The second component is network. And the third component is human. Therefore,
based information systems should cover all
An extensive literature search in computers security, networks security, and computer-based
helps to build a general model for defense mechanisms of computer-based
information system. The first mechanism is technical defense. The second mechanism is
operational defense. The third mechanism is managerial defense. The forth mechanism is physical
defense. The figure below presents the four mechanisms and the related hypothesis to reach the
3. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.5, No.5, September 2013
109
M1: TECHNICAL DEFENSE
Technical defense involves defenses that are used in computers and networks technically.
Technical defense can be encryption, firewall, antimalware, and intrusion detection.
Encryption provides confidentiality for information exchange. The basic idea of encryption is
transferring the plain text into cipher text to hide the information from unauthorized person.
Therefore, Encryption is considered as technical defenses that make the information exchange
invisible for an attacker. If the organization has firewalls, anti viruses, anti spyware, and strong
security policies information exchange is not secured simply the information is exchanged in plan
text. [4] Therefore, encryption provides confidentiality. There are two types of Encryption. The
first type is symmetric encryption, known as conventional encryption, or single-key encryption
involves using one key between the communicating parties. When two entities or parties want to
communicate they should first agree on using one key then using this key for encryption and
decryption. Symmetric encryption relays on the secrecy of the key, so keeping is important
because if an opponent gained this key he/she will compromise the system. The second type of
encryption is asymmetric encryption, involves using two different keys one is a public key and
the other one is a private key. When two entities or parties want to communicate they should first
exchange their public key and keep their private keys secure. For example, when an entity A want
to communicate securely with another entity B, it encrypt a message with B’s public key then
send it B, B decrypt the message with its private key. There are many software and hardware in
the market that support both of symmetric encryption and asymmetric encryption. Organizations
should use encryption to provide data confidentiality.
Firewalls are necessary of securing the computer information system. Today the Internet service
is necessary to the organizations; it allows employees of an organization network to contact to the
outside word, so there is need for first line defense. Firewalls consider as first line defense for
computer information systems [5]. The basic idea of firewalls is protecting information system
against outside and inside attacks, so the working by filtering incoming packet and outgoing
packet. Generally, most firewalls have two default policies. The first one is discard; means if an
arriving packet dose not matches any rule in IPtable discard it. The second one is allow; means an
arriving packet dose not match any rule in IPtable allow it to pass. Moreover, there are two types
of firewalls, packet-based firewall and Stateful-based firewall. Packet – based firewall also called
Packet filtering, it works by inspecting or checking the IP filed of each packet then it take a
decision whether it allow the packet to pass or deny it based on the IP address of the source, the
IP address of the destination, the source port number whether it TCP or UDP and the destination
port [6] This type of firewalls relays on IPtable, the IPtable is set of rules that have been set by
network administrator. For example, the network administrator may set a rule deny any packet
comes form 192.168.1.10 with port number 80. When this packet arrives to the firewall, it will
check the IPtable to take the decision. Packet firewall is easy to install, and complex to mange
because you need to set many rules. Statefull firewall provides more advance future by keeping
track of a given connection; it works in transport layer and the application layers. Statefullfirewall
inspects a packet like the packet firewall, but it tracks the TCP connection. When a packet arrive
it checks the packet filed, if the packet matched the passing policy, it add it as an entity to the
IPtable and keep track for the TCP sequence to protect the session from attacks. There are
numerous of software and hardware firewalls in market today, and as the treats growing up the
security companies will never stop developing security tools. Firewalls one of the most impotent
tools. It is worth to mention that firewall can be a feature that is added to operation system, router,
and access points. For example, most operating systems OS have built-in firewall, but users may
activate it.
4. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.5, No.5, September 2013
110
Anti-malware provides protection for operation systems against malicious software. Anti malware
can be anti-virus, or anti-spyware. Malware can be found in files, executable programs, and the
operation system [7]. Therefore, computer information systems should have anti malware.
Intrusion detection provides real time warnings for computer information system by monitoring
and analysis the any attempts to access the system. Intrusion detection will fire an alarm when
attackers try to exploit vulnerabilities of software for opening a backdoor into it [8]. Generally,
Intrusion Detection can be classified into Host-based intrusion detection and Network-based
intrusion detection. Host-based Intrusion Detection adds an extra layer of security for a host. It
uses the operating system OS information to determine attacks [9] such as user logs, and software
activity. Network-based intrusion detection (NID) is monitoring the network traffic at some place
on a network. It checks each packet to detect illegitimate traffic. NID can monitors network and
transport layers activity. Usually NID have sensors and one or more servers for in one network,
the sensors are used to monitor traffic on different location in the network, and the servers are
used to manage the sensors [10]. Generally, there are two techniques for intrusion detection,
anomaly detection and signature detection. Anomaly detection is gathering information related to
the behavior of users then analysis it to determine whether the behavior is legitimate or not [11]
The second approach is signature detection, it attempts to set rules or attack patterns to determine
whether it is legitimate or not. Therefore, computer information systems should have one or more
Intrusion detection.
M2: OPERATIONAL DEFENSE
Operational defense has a significant role in the management of computer information systems
security [12]. Therefore, even if organizations have applied technical security to their computer
information system such as encryption, firewalls, and intrusion detection, they need to set up
security policies for the system. Usually, operation defenses include two approaches. The first
approach is setting up security policies for computer information system. The security policy has
important role in term of information security management for computer information system
implementation. [13] Security policy is made up of documents that do not provide technical and
implementation details. It only provides management rules for computer information system. The
second approach is personnel training for the employee.
M3: MANAGERIAL DEFENSE
Involves putting standards for hiring people. For example, an extensive background check and an
extensive security background check [14] The importance of background check come from the
following example, if an organization hire inadequate person to mange the computer information
system, he or she may misuse with configuration and implementation that may lead to open holes
or backdoors in CBIS as a result this person become a threat to the system. Also, security
background check is very impotent because if an organization hires a criminal person, he or she
may sell the organization information to another organization.
M4: PHYSICAL DEFENSE
Involves defenses for physical assets. Physical defense is important for two reasons. First reason,
physical equipment is very expansive. The second reason, any damage for the equipment may
cause data loss. Also, physical defense provides protection to the computer information systems
against Natural disasters, technical faults, andhuman. Natural disaster one of the most dangerous
threats to computer information system, for example hurricane may cause damage to the physical
5. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.5, No.5, September 2013
111
equipment by strong wind and flying objects. Another example, earthquake also cause damages to
physical equipment. Therefore, an organization may uses off site equipment. Technical faults
such as electrical overvoltage, electrical under-voltage, and electrical interruption are considered
as threats to computer information system. Electrical under-voltage takes place when computer
information systems receive less voltage than they need to work normally. Electrical overvoltage
occurs when computer information systems receive high voltage than they need to work. Therefor
an organization may use stand by generators. Human cause unusual and unpredictable threats to
computer information systems. Human threat can be classified into three categories; unauthorized
physical access, theft, and misuse. The first category is unauthorized physical access, it occurs
when an unauthorized person access to restricted areas for copying data, or misuse. The second
category is thefts, which means theft of equipment and official papers. Therefore, the organization
should have restricted rules for accessing the desired places.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEENDEFENSE MECHANISM MODEL AND CBIS
COMPONENTS
Computer-based information systems have three major components, computers, network, and
human. Thus, based on the model each component must be secured by at least one of the defense
mechanisms. The table below presents the relationship.
CBIS
components
Defense Mechanisms
Technical
defense
Operational
defense
Managerial
defense
Physical
defense
Computers
Networks
Human
Table 2: The relationship between defense mechanism and CBIS components
6. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.5, No.5, September 2013
112
CONCLUSION
Security of computer-based information system should be a top priority for organizations because
a disruption of the CBIS will lead to unwanted results. Thus, organizations should implement the
defense mechanisms to protect their information. The first mechanism (Technical defense)
provides defense to the system by using software and hardware, for example, encryption, firewall,
anti-malware, and intrusion detection. The second mechanism (Operational defense) provides
defense to the system by setting up system policies. The third mechanism (Managerial defense)
provides defense to the system by putting standard for hiring. The forth mechanism (Physical
defense) provides defense to physical assets.
REFERENCES
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[13] Z. Cosic and M. Boban, "Information security management — Defining approaches to
Information Security policies in ISMS," in Intelligent Systems and Informatics (SISY), 2010 8th
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[14] L. J. Bottino, "Security Measures in a Secure Computer Communications Architecture," in 25th
Digital Avionics Systems Conference, 2006 IEEE/AIAA, 2006, pp. 1-18.
7. International Journal of Network Security & Its Applications (IJNSA), Vol.5, No.5, September 2013
113
AUTHORS
Majid Alshammari
Majid Alshammari received his MS in computer science and Graduate Certificate in
Information Protection and Security from University of New Have at West Haven,
Connecticut, USA. He is pursuing his Doctorate in Computer Science and Engineering at
the University of Bridgeport at Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA. He is MCSEs and CEH. His
research interests include network, computer and information security. He is a member of
the Association for Computer society and information society, IEEE.
Christian Bach
Christian Bach is an Assistant Professor of Technology Management and Biomedical
Engineering at University of Bridgeport. He received his MBA and PhD in Information
Science from University at Albany SUNY in Albany, New York. Some of Dr. Bach's
research interests include Intracellular Immunization, induced Pluripotent Stem (iPS) cells,
Artificial Transcription Factors, Target Detection Assay, Microarr ays, Bioreactors, Protein Folding (micro
-level), Target Binding Site Computation, micro Database Systems, and Knowledge Cubes. He is the author
of multiple journal articles including "Tower Computing: Utilization of Cloud Computing in science-based
Knet environments," "Employing the Intellectual Bandwidth Model for Measuring Value Creation in
Collaborative Environments," and "Scientific and Philosophical Aspects of Information and the
Relationships among Data, Information, and Knowledge."