Day2 1 1

1. Groundwater Resources Governance
Kalahari Karoo / Stampriet Transboundary Aquifer
Harmonisation and Visualisation

2. Layout of the presentation
• Harmonisation
• Visualising the aquifer
–Thematic maps
– Conceptualising and 3D-visualisation
• Indicators
–How they can be used
–Need for some other indicators?

3. Transboundary assessment:
What’s so special ?
Harmonising information
• Different names of aquifer system and geological
formations
• Base maps, including important topographic features
• Conceptual model of the aquifer
• Etc.
And ultimately to agree on:
• Most important issues for priority action, and
• Agree on the actions to be taken
Sharing knowledge and data between countries

4. Harmonisation
• Kalahari
• Karoo
• Stampriet
• SE Kalahari Karoo Basin
We haven’t even got one name for the Aquifer,
or is it an aquifer system consisting of 3 of even
more aquifers?
is all about developing a common language

5. Harmonisation - Formations
Botswana Namibia South Africa This Report
Dolerite intrusions and
dykes
Dolerite intrusions
and dykes
Dolerite intrusions
and dykes
Dolerite Sills
Stormberg lava Kalkrand Drakensberg Stormberg
Ntane Fm Etjo Clarens FM Ntane
Mosolotsane Fm Neu Loore Mosolotsane
Beaufort Kule Fm Beaufort
Otshe Fm Auob Auob Ecca
Kobe Mukorob Mukorob
Ncojane Nossob Nossob
Dwyka Dwyka Dwyka Dwyka

6. Harmonisation: Agree on units
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
10
Log (Yield) m3
/h
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Probability%
Dolomite Kanye
Olifantshoek Botswana
Basalt SAB
(69)
(16)
(13)
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
10
Log (Yield) m3
/h
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Probability%
Kalahari SAB
Kalahari Botswana
(38)
(37)
Borehole yield

7. 1 TBA
2 Countries
• Countries need consensus
on delineation of TBA
2 data sets
• National data sets
may differ in
format
Harmonised
data
• Harmonised TBA map,
based on national data sets.
Harmonisation – Base maps
Transboundary
aquifer

8. WHO
1993
Botswana, 2000
Guide-
line
Value
Class 1
Ideal
Class 2
Acceptable
Class 3
Max.
Allowable
mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l
Namibia, 1991 South Africa, 2006
Group A
Excellent
Group B
Good
Group C
Low
Health
Risk
Group D
Unsuitable
Class I
Operational
Class II
Max allowable for
limited duration
mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l
Harmonisation – Agree on classifications

9. 17°E 18°E 19°E 20°E 21°E 22°E 23°E 24°E 25°E 26°E
-28°S
-27°S
-26°S
-25°S
-24°S
-23°S
-22°S
Windhoek
Stampriet
Gochas
Gobabis
Aminius
Aroab Bokspits
Hukuntsi
Kang
Ncojane
Tsabong
Werda
Goodhope
Mmabatho
Kuruman
Vanzylsrus
Tosca
450
1,000
2,000
5,000
10,000
20,000
50,000
TDS
mg/l

11. Visualising the aquifer system
• Maps
• Cross sections
• Conceptual models
• Diagrams
• Indicators
As long as it has a clear message

12. Visualising:
Maps with a clear message

13. Visualising:
Maps with a clear message

14. TWAP Meeting, Perugia, May 2013
Visualising:
Conceptualising  simplified maps

15. Visualising: Cross sections

16. Visualising:
Simplified diagrams with a message

17. Visualising:
Simplified diagrams with a message

18. Visualising: Block diagrams with a message

19. And also indicators
Groundwater
Legal Institunional

20. Visualisation: Sources of inspiration
• http://www.groundwateruk.org/Image-Gallery.aspx
• http://www.kalkaskacounty.net/planningeduc0019.asp
• http://www.thewaterchannel.tv/
• http://www.wfdvisual.com/

21. Indicators – how they can be used?
Groundwater
Legal Institunional

22. 1. Mean annual groundwater recharge depth
2. Annual amount of renewable groundwater
resources per capita
3. Natural background groundwater quality
4. Human dependency on groundwater
5. Groundwater depletion
6. Groundwater pollution
7. Population density
8. Groundwater development stress
9. Transboundary legal framework
10. Transboundary institutional framework
11. Aquifer buffering capacity
12. Aquifer vulnerability to climate change
13. Aquifer vulnerability to pollution
14. Human dependency on groundwater for
domestic water supply
15. Human dependency on groundwater for
agricultural water supply
16. Human dependency on groundwater for
industrial water supply
17. Ecosystem dependency on groundwater
18. Prevalence of springs
19. Control of groundwater abstraction
20. Groundwater quality protection
Overview of indicators

23. In the end:
 Transboundary assessment It’s all about people….

24. Discussion
• Reflection on the proposed indicators. Would you like
to propose additional/complementary indicators to be
applied to the local circumstance in the Stampriet
aquifer? If so: Which ones?
• What thematic maps are considered useful (and
feasible) to construct to support groundwater
governance?
• Does the proposed approach cover the most relevant
information needs to support groundwater governance
in the Stampriet aquifer? If not what would you like to
add / alter?

25. Thank you

26. LEFTOVERS

27. Type of data needed
• Hydrogeological: parameters and variables
– System boundaries, transmissivity, groundwater levels, rainfall, recharge,
etc
• Environmental conditions
– abstractions, gw quality (natural and anthropogenic), pollution,
groundwater dependent ecosystems, aquifer vulnerability
• Socio-economic
– Population density, dependency on groundwater (domestic, agriculture,
industry, ecology)
• Legal / Institutional
– Water laws, water agreements, characterisation of water management
institutions, characterisation of groundwater regulations (use and
protection)

28. Data collection
• SOURCES:
– Country data at aquifer level: Mainly existing data
– Some global data-sets from TWAP (e.g. population)
– Maybe some in-situ data collection (if feasible)
• TOOLS:
– Questionnaires
– Protocols
• WHO:
– National Experts (National Technical TBA Groups)
– Coordination by Regional Coordination Focal Point
– Support from IGRAC