1. Kyrgyzstan
Tajikistan
Kazakhstan
GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE SYR
DARYA TRANSBOUNDARY BASIN
REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
NATIONAL BASIC SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS OF
Groundwater IN THE BASIN OF THE SYR DARYA RIVER.
PROJECT PREPARATION PHASE
INCEPTION MEETING
Paris – February 3-4, 2014
2. Rules and Regulations for Groundwater
Management in Kazakhstan
• Water code of RK (2003)
• Environmental code (2007)
• The law of RK “On subsurface resources and subsurface use
(management)” (2010)
• The Resolution of the government of RK # 1373 of 20 December
2010 “On approval of the Rules for State Monitoring of Subsurface
Resources”. The Rules defines that the state monitoring of
subsurface resources includes “monitoring of Groundwater” as a
subsystem.
• The Resolution of the government of RK # 85 of 26 January 2004
“On approval of the Rules for state monitoring of water units, state
recording of waters and their use”.
• The Resolution of the government of RK # 85 of 31 December 2003
“On approval of the Rules for the state water cadastre
maintenance”.
3. Rules and Regulations for the
Groundwater Management in Kazakhstan
• The agreement between the governments of the Republic
of Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, the Republic of
Tajikistan and the Republic of Uzbekistan on the use of
water and energy resources in the basin of the Syr Darya
river, signed on 17 March 1998, with additions and
amendments.
• The Transboundary water cooperation between the new
independent countries, 2003
• Guidelines on monitoring and assessment of
Transboundary Groundwater/ the UNECE Task force on
monitoring and assessment, 2000
• Draft of standard regulations on Transboundary
Groundwater, UNECE, 2012
4. The rules and Regulations for the
Groundwater Management in Kazakhstan
The authorised agency on the use and protection of the water fund
(the water code) implements cooperation with bordering countries on
regulation of water relations. The effective use and protection of
Transboundary waters in the procedure established by the legislation
of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
The special chapter with relevant articles in the water code regulates
the use and protection of Transboundary waters:
•Major aspects of international cooperation in the use and protection
of Transboundary waters
•Principles of international cooperation in the use and protection of
Transboundary waters
• The mechanism of interstate cooperation in the use and protection
of Transboundary waters
•The economic framework for international cooperation in the use
and protection of Transboundary waters
•Regulation of disputes relating to the use and protection of
Transboundary waters
5. Certain Functions of State Bodies Involved
in the Water Resource Management.
Under the Decree of the President of RK # 677 of 29 October,
2013 the Ministry of Environment Protection of RK was
transformed into the Ministry of Environment and Water
Resources of RK with handover to this Ministry of functions and
authorities on developing and implementing the state policy in
the effective and integrated use of Groundwater, excluding the
geologic study of subsurface resources with regard to
Groundwater, from the Ministry of Industry and New
Technologies of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
6. Certain functions of state bodies involved
in the water resource management.
Groundwater, as a component of the subsurface resources,
shall be the state property.
•Groundwater extraction shall be carried out based on the
following:
•The special water use permissions for the groundwater
extraction from 50 to 2000м 3 per day, which are issued by the
Water Resource Committee of the Ministry of Environment
and Water Resource.
•The contract for Groundwater extraction of more than 2000
thousand м 3 per day for drinking and household water supply
of population, signed with the Ministry of Industry and New
Technologies.
Water uses shall be individuals and legal entities (state
enterprises, joint stock companies, limited liability
partnerships etc).
7. Subsurface water
Large rivers in the country are Irtysh, Ili, Syr Darya and others.
They are Transboundary and are regulated by neighbouring
countries.
They are extremely uneven divided and contaminated that caused
a critical shortage of drinking and technical waters in some regions
and industries.
Groundwater, as the most protected ones from contamination,
are well spread and play a very special role in the national water
supply.
The total length of the Syr Darya river is 3050 km (within the
country – 2290 km). It is the main water way of the Aral sea on the
territory of Kazakhstan.
8. Groundwater
About 1500 deposits (sites) of Groundwater were explored in the
country.
The proven reserves of Groundwater amounted to 42,2 mln м 3/ day,
including:
• Drinking and household water (DHW) – 13,7 mln м3/day
• Industrial and technical water supply (ITW) – 2,1 mln. м3/day
• Land irrigation - 18,0 mln. м3/day
• Drinking and household, industrial and technical water supply (DHW,
ITW)– 2,1 mln. м3/day
• Drinking and household water supply and land irrigation – 1,1
mln. м3/day
• Integrated water use (DHW, ITW)– 4,3 mln. м3/day
The share of Groundwater in the total balance of water consumption
is 56%, and in rural areas the share of Groundwater is up to 68%
The share of proven reserves of Groundwater in the overall country
water consumption does not exceed 5%.
9. Groundwater
Given that subsurface waters in Syr Darya are
contamineted, Groundwater remain the only and the
reliable source of drinking water supply of population.
In the region Groundwater mainly are located in chalky
water bearing sets, and less – in quaternary alluvial water
carrying horizons of the valley of Syr Darya.
The Groundwater in quaternary alluvial deposits are closely
connected with subsurface waters of Syr Darya, which
waters have been undergone significant man-made impact
during recent years and their quality was deteriorated.
10. Groundwater
In terms of geo-structure the basin of Syr Darya is located in the Syr Darya
complicated artesian basin.
The depth of the basement in bends reaches more than 1500 m, and in the
areas of uplifts and dikes - up to 600 m.
The hydrogeological specific feature of the territory is availability of two
hydrogeological tiers, separated by a thick layer of eocene-oligocened clays
with more than the 100 m capacity.
The upper tier combines aquifers of quaternary and Neogene sediments.
The lower hydrogeological tier confines to multilayer, floor located water
strikes of the upper and lower chalk stones.
Geological and hydrogeological conditions of the basin caused the formation,
within its limits, of a large number of fresh and slightly saltish waters.
11.
12. Groundwater
The state monitoring of Groundwater is being implemented.
The state monitoring of Groundwater is a system of regular
observations, assessment of Groundwater conditions and forecasting
of its changes under impact of natural and anthropogenic factors.
The primary purpose of the state monitoring system of Groundwater is
information support to the effective use of the state subsoil fund with
respect to Groundwater to ensure reliable protection against
groundwater depletion, pollution, as well as manage subsurface
resources use and protect Groundwater.
Generally, the target of the state monitoring of Groundwater is the
subsurface area, identified in a certain way within which the
situational analysis of Groundwater is conducted and possible changes
in their conditions are projected.
13.
14. Availability of Groundwater in SyrDarya
River Basin.
172 explored deposits and operational Groundwater reserves are 3,5
mln.m3/day including:
– household and drinking water - 2.4 mln.m3/day;
– industrial and technical water and drinking water 0.3 mln.m3/day;
– irrigation water - 0,6 mln.m3/day ;
– household and drinking water and irrigation water - 0.1 million
m3/day
Total operated 132 deposits.
– In Kyzylorda oblast total water groundwater use - 0.09 mln.m3/day, or
about 6.9% of the total amount of the reserves.
– In South Kazakhstan oblast total water groundwater use - 0.26
mln.m3/day, or 12.9 % of total amount of the reserves.
15. Mineral waters
Kyzylorda oblast
Three deposits, sites and water collections of ground mineral
waters with 1,78 thousand м3/day reserves were explored.
Two water deposits are being used.
The Southern Kazakhstan oblast
Five deposits, sites and water collections of ground mineral
waters with proven reserves of 3,24 thousand м3/day were
explored.
Five deposits are being used.
16. Geo-thermal Groundwater
In the Cretaceous sandstones at a depth of up to 3 km several
aquifer of thermal waters with temperatures ranging from 20 to
83 0C were discovered. Outflow of wells at self-discharge ranges
from 5 - 10 to 25 l/d. Mineralization ranges from 1 to 3 g/l.
Thermal waters were explored in 2 deposits (Shaulder and Arys).
17. Maximum use of the groundwater
capacity for drinking water supply.
The program "Ak Bulak" for 2011 – 2020 was approved by the resolution of
the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan # 570 of 24 May, 2011.
Within the Program in order to maximize the capacity of Groundwater
research exploration works are intensified to supply settlements with
groundwater reserves. Revaluation of reserves of under Groundwater
deposits was funded from the state budget.
Under the Ak Bulak Programme:
Kyzylorda oblast. Reserves of 2 deposits are being revaluated; research and
exploration works to supply 42 villages with Groundwater have been started.
Similar activities will be started for 29 villages.
The Southern Kazakhstan oblast Reserves of 5 deposits are being revaluated;
research and exploration works to supply 57 villages with groundwater
reserves have been started. Similar activities will be started for 150 villages.
