This document summarizes key information about the Stampriet Basin in Namibia, including:
1) The Stampriet Basin covers an area of 71,000 km2 and is part of the larger Orange-Senqu River Basin.
2) The basin contains three main aquifers - the Kalahari, Auob, and Nossob aquifers - which vary in total dissolved solids levels and groundwater quality.
3) Current groundwater use in the basin totals approximately 15 million m3/year, with the majority (46%) used for irrigation and the remainder for domestic and stock watering needs.
The quality groundwater for irrigation in Fetzara basin, northeast AlgeriaInnspub Net
The Fetzara basin occupying an area of about 515 km2 is a part of the alluvial deposits of the Annaba plain. The main source of irrigation water in Fetzara basin is groundwater, hence its quality needs to be controlled; otherwise it can damage soil and reduce crop production. The aim of this study was to review hydro chemical processes that control the groundwater chemistry and to determine the suitability of groundwater for irrigation. Hydro chemical analysis has been carried out based on concentrations of Ca++, Mg++, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO4–, CO3– and HCO3-. Different irrigation quality parameters viz, salinity, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), sodium percentage (Na%), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Magnesium Hazards (MH), Kelly’s index (KI) and Permeability Index (PI) are calculated for the evaluation of groundwater quality for irrigation purposes. The evaluation of SAR (2.127-9.021) and EC (1240-6390 µS/cm) resulted in classification category ‘C3S1 and C4S1’, indicating high salinity and low sodium water which can be used for irrigation in most soils and crops with little to medium danger of development of exchangeable sodium and salinity. However, samples with doubtful Na% (56%), unsuitable KI and MH (88%, 64% respectively), and high salinity hazard (60%) values restrict the suitability of the groundwater for agricultural purposes, and plants with good salt tolerance should be selected for such ground waters.
Benisuef Basin the key for Exploration future success in Upper EgyptHemida Zahran
Presented in Mediterranean Oil Conference , MOC 2010 , Alex
& American Association of Petroleum Geologists , AAPG ,
Annual Convention & Exhibition , April 2011 , Houston , USA
Relationship of qualitative and quantitative fisheries diversity with the environmental variables was studied for the period of two years along the three zones, viz. upper, middle and lower, of the Ulhas River estuary. Total ten hydro-sedimentological parameters were analyzed on monthly basis from each zone to depict ambient pollution level. Zones with comparatively higher pollution level deterred fisheries landings. The principal coordination analysis (PCO) ordination and zonewise K-dominance curves revealed the direct correlation of fish diversity with the existent spatial environmental conditions of the Ulhas River estuary.
Keywords: hydrological conditions, parameters, water pollution, Ulhas River, estuary, fisheries, diversity, landings, water color, phosphates, nitrates, DO, BOD, organic carbon, silt, principal coordination analysis.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
REHABILITATION & MODERNIZATION OF JINNAH BARRAGE
GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB
IRRIGATION DEPARTMENT
REVIVAL OF DEGRADED RIVER CHANNELS IN PUNJAB USING INFLATABLE RUBBER DAM
September 26, 2016
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Introduction:
RNA interference (RNAi) or Post-Transcriptional Gene Silencing (PTGS) is an important biological process for modulating eukaryotic gene expression.
It is highly conserved process of posttranscriptional gene silencing by which double stranded RNA (dsRNA) causes sequence-specific degradation of mRNA sequences.
dsRNA-induced gene silencing (RNAi) is reported in a wide range of eukaryotes ranging from worms, insects, mammals and plants.
This process mediates resistance to both endogenous parasitic and exogenous pathogenic nucleic acids, and regulates the expression of protein-coding genes.
What are small ncRNAs?
micro RNA (miRNA)
short interfering RNA (siRNA)
Properties of small non-coding RNA:
Involved in silencing mRNA transcripts.
Called “small” because they are usually only about 21-24 nucleotides long.
Synthesized by first cutting up longer precursor sequences (like the 61nt one that Lee discovered).
Silence an mRNA by base pairing with some sequence on the mRNA.
Discovery of siRNA?
The first small RNA:
In 1993 Rosalind Lee (Victor Ambros lab) was studying a non- coding gene in C. elegans, lin-4, that was involved in silencing of another gene, lin-14, at the appropriate time in the
development of the worm C. elegans.
Two small transcripts of lin-4 (22nt and 61nt) were found to be complementary to a sequence in the 3' UTR of lin-14.
Because lin-4 encoded no protein, she deduced that it must be these transcripts that are causing the silencing by RNA-RNA interactions.
Types of RNAi ( non coding RNA)
MiRNA
Length (23-25 nt)
Trans acting
Binds with target MRNA in mismatch
Translation inhibition
Si RNA
Length 21 nt.
Cis acting
Bind with target Mrna in perfect complementary sequence
Piwi-RNA
Length ; 25 to 36 nt.
Expressed in Germ Cells
Regulates trnasposomes activity
MECHANISM OF RNAI:
First the double-stranded RNA teams up with a protein complex named Dicer, which cuts the long RNA into short pieces.
Then another protein complex called RISC (RNA-induced silencing complex) discards one of the two RNA strands.
The RISC-docked, single-stranded RNA then pairs with the homologous mRNA and destroys it.
THE RISC COMPLEX:
RISC is large(>500kD) RNA multi- protein Binding complex which triggers MRNA degradation in response to MRNA
Unwinding of double stranded Si RNA by ATP independent Helicase
Active component of RISC is Ago proteins( ENDONUCLEASE) which cleave target MRNA.
DICER: endonuclease (RNase Family III)
Argonaute: Central Component of the RNA-Induced Silencing Complex (RISC)
One strand of the dsRNA produced by Dicer is retained in the RISC complex in association with Argonaute
ARGONAUTE PROTEIN :
1.PAZ(PIWI/Argonaute/ Zwille)- Recognition of target MRNA
2.PIWI (p-element induced wimpy Testis)- breaks Phosphodiester bond of mRNA.)RNAse H activity.
MiRNA:
The Double-stranded RNAs are naturally produced in eukaryotic cells during development, and they have a key role in regulating gene expression .
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
2. 2
Stampriet Basin
Country Area 824,292
km2
Basin Area
71,000 km2
WINDHOEK
Olifantsriver
Nossob
river
Auobriver
HERERO LAND
Aminuis
24゜
25゜
23゜
22゜
26゜
17゜ 18゜ 20゜
17゜ 18゜ 19゜ 20゜
22゜
23゜
24゜
25゜
26゜
19゜
N
0 50 100km
Mariental
Gochas
Aranos
Leonardville
Stampriet
Gibeon
Rehoboth
Schlip
Gobabis
Kalkrand
KKKKKKHHHHHHOOOOOOMMMMMMAAAAAASSSSSS
OOOOOOMMMMMMAAAAAAHHHHHHEEEEEEKKKKKKEEEEEE
HHHHHHAAAAAARRRRRRDDDDDDAAAAAAPPPPPP
KKKKKKAAAAAARRRRRRAAAAAASSSSSS
Study Area
Communal Farm
Commercial Farm
Town
Village
Ephemeral River
National Roads
Main Roads
Regions
Legend
Study Area
W I NDHO E K
ANGOLA
NAMIBIA
ZAMBIA
BOTSWANA
SOUTHAFRICA
ZIMBABWE
ATLANTICOCEAN
3. 3
Catchment Area
N
EW
S
Auob Catchment Area
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
Tses
Koes
Dobbin
Mentz
Gochas
Schlip
Tsum is
Gibeon
Aranos
Aminius
Genes is
Corridor
Kom narib
Duinev eld Hoachanas
Stam priet
Mata-Mata
Uhlenhorst
W anderv ogel
Klein Vaalgras
Gobabis
Rehoboth
Kalkrand
W indhoek
Mariental
Leonardv ille
Auob Catchment Area
Nossob Catchment Area
Study Area
%U Town
%[ Main Town
Aminuis
Nossob Catchment Area
0 40 80 (km)
27° 27°
26° 26°
25° 25°
24° 24°
23° 23°
22° 22°
17°
17°
18°
18°
19°
19°
20°
20°
Auob River
Catchment
55,000 km2
Nossob River
Catchment
47,000 km2
5. 5
Geomorphology
#Y
#Y#Y
#Y#Y#Y
#Y#Y#Y
#Y
#Y#Y#Y
#Y#Y
#Y#Y#Y
#Y
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
J-1
J-2
J-3
J-4
J-5
J-6
J-7
J-8
J-9
Gobabis
Rehoboth
Kalkrand
W indhoek
Mariental
Leonardville
Tses
Koes
Mentz
Gochas
Schlip
Tsumis
Dobbin
Gibeon
Aranos
Am inius
Genesis
Corridor
Komnarib
Duineveld Hoachanas
Stampriet
Mata-Mata
Uhlenhorst
W andervogel
Klein Vaalgras26° 26°
25° 25°
24° 24°
23° 23°
17°
17°
18°
18°
19°
19°
20°
20°
Auob River
Olifants River
Nossob River
Elevation
750 - 900m
900 - 950m
950 - 1000m
1000 - 1050m
1050 - 1100m
1100 - 1150m
1150 - 1200m
1200 - 1300m
1300 - 1400m
1400 - 1600m
1600 - 1800m
1800 - 2000m
2000 - 2500m
River 3
River 2
River 1
#Y JICA BH
Road
Main Road
% Town
%[ Main Town
Study Area
Aminius
N
EW
S
0 20 40 60 80 Kilometers
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dd
dd
dd
d
dd
d
d d
d
d d
d
d
dd
ddd
d
d
dd
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dd d
d
d
dddd
ddd
ddd
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
dd
d d
d
d
d
dd
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%U
%[
%[
%[
%[
J-1
J-2
J-3
J-4
J-5
J-6
J-7
J-8
J-9
Go ba bis
R eh obo th
Ka lkran d
W indh oe k
Marien tal
Leo nard ville
Tses
Koes
Dobbin
Mentz
Gochas
Gibeon
Aranos
Aminius
Genes is
Corridor
Kom narib
Duinev eld
Hoachanas
Stam priet
Mata-Mata
Uhlenhorst
W anderv ogel
Klein Vaalgras
N
EW
S
Low H il (Bed roc k)
Moderate H ill (Bed rock )
High H ill (Bed roc k)
Moderate H ill (Sand dune)
Low H ill (Sand dune )
High H ill (Sand dune)
d Vegetation
Vegetation
Study Area
Road
Main R oad
River
Main R iver
Cliffs
Drainage
Major Pans
Pans
#0 JIC A Borehole
Directions of w inds
%U Town
%[ Major T ow n
Aminuis
0 40 80 (Km)
26° 26°
25° 25°
24° 24°
23° 23°
18°
18°
19°
19°
20°
20°
Topography Elevation
8. 8
Geological Cross Section
700
800
900
1000
1100
1200
1300
1400
(m ASL)
NW SE
50 100 150 200 250 3000 (Km)
K Kalahari Beds
B Kalkland Basalt
Do Karoo Dolerite
R Rietmond Member
A Auob Member
M Mukorob Member
N Nossob Member
P.E. Pre-Ecca Group
Geological Cross Section-6
2641823769
396
514
105658
6646
J-9(Swart Modder)
J-5(Martzivilla)
110
1288
392
528
GR-1
555
ACP-29
ACP-30
2931
12756
JO5-N(7995)Goachas
452
DWA-2
J-8(Tweeriver)
32272
328
1310
N
N
P.E.
P.E.
N
P.E.
Do
P.E.
B
B
M
M
M
A
A
A
A
A
R
R
R
R
R
R
K
K
K
K
Hoachanas
Stampriet
Gochas
Auob R.
Tweeriver
Auob R.
Section-3 Section-4
Section-2Section-1
Geological Cross Section of Stampriet Basin
9. 9
Water Quality (TDS)
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
J-1
J-2
J-3
J-4
J-5
J-6
J-7
J-8
J-9
Gobabis
Rehoboth
Kalkrand
Windhoek
Mariental
Leonardville
Tses
Koes
Dobbin
Mentz
Gochas
Schlip
Tsumis
Gibeon
Aranos
Aminius
Genesis
Corridor
Komnarib
Duineveld
Hoachanas
Stampriet
Mata-Mata
Uhlenhorst
Wandervogel
Klein Vaalgras
TDS of Kalahari
300 - 500
500 - 1000
1000 - 2000
2000 - 3000
3000 - 5000
5000 - 10000
10000 - 20000
20000 - 30000
30000 - 40000
Road
Main Road
% Town
%[ Main Town
#0 JICA Test Well
Study Area
N
EW
S
0 20 40 (Km)
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
J-1
J-2
J-3
J-4
J-5
J-6
J-7
J-8
J-9
Gobabis
Rehoboth
Kalkrand
Windhoek
Mariental
Leonardville
Tses
Koes
Dobbin
Mentz
Gochas
Schlip
Tsumis
Gibeon
Aranos
Aminius
Genesis
Corridor
Komnarib
Duineveld
Hoachanas
Stampriet
Mata-Mata
Uhlenhorst
Wandervogel
Klein Vaalgras
TDS of Auob
300 - 500
500 - 1000
1000 - 2000
2000 - 3000
3000 - 5000
5000 - 10000
10000 - 20000
20000 - 30000
30000 - 40000
Road
Main Road
% Town
%[ Main Town
#0 JICA Test Well
Study Area
N
EW
S
0 20 40 (Km)
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
%[
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
#0
J-1
J-2
J-3
J-4
J-5
J-6
J-7
J-8
J-9
Gobabis
Rehoboth
Kalkrand
Windhoek
Mariental
Leonardville
Tses
Koes
Dobbin
Mentz
Gochas
Schlip
Tsumis
Gibeon
Aranos
Aminius
Genesis
Corridor
Komnarib
Duineveld
Hoachanas
Stampriet
Mata-Mata
Uhlenhorst
Wandervogel
Klein Vaalgras
TDS of Nossob
300 - 500
500 - 1000
1000 - 2000
2000 - 3000
3000 - 5000
5000 - 10000
10000 - 20000
20000 - 30000
30000 - 40000
Road
Main Road
% Town
%[ Main Town
#0 JICA Test Well
Study Area
N
EW
S
0 20 40 (Km)
Kalahari Aquifer Auob Aquifer Nossob Aquifer
10. Acknowledgements
Data from the following investigations were used
for this presentation:
PCI JICA study of the Stampriet Artesian Basin
Transboundary Stampriet Artesian Aquifer by Prof
Jurgen Kichner