The document outlines a week-long introductory computer course, including theory and practical sessions on system familiarization, software classification, and DOS commands. It then provides definitions and overviews of computers, including their primary functions of storing, processing, and transferring data. The document discusses the five generations of computers and types of computers like supercomputers, mainframes, and microcomputers. It also covers the parts of a computer like the motherboard, memory, processor, hard drive, and input/output devices.

1. WEEK 1
DAY 1 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
(THEORY SESSION)
DAY 2 - SYSTEM FAMILIARIZATION
(THEORY SESSION)
DAY 3 - SOFTWARE CLASSIFCATION
(THEORY SESSION)
DAY 4 - DOS COMMANDS (INTERNAL & EXTERNAL)
(DEMO SESSION)
DAY 5 - DOS COMMANDS (INTERNAL & EXTERNAL)
(PRACTICAL SESSION)

2. INTRODUCTION
TO
COMPUTER

3. Personal Computers (PC)
Overview
 Personal Computers are electronic devices. The user
inputs the data for calculation and the computer gives
the output.
 The primary jobs that a computer can perform are
storing data, processing data and moving and
communicating the different data patterns.
WHAT IS COMPUTER?
Computer is an Digital Electronic Device. The user inputs
the data for calculation and the computer gives the output.
The primary jobs that a computer can perform are storing
data, processing data and moving and communicating the
different data patterns.

4. GENERATION OF COMPUTER
FIRST GENERATION - 1940-1956:
 It used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for
memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.
 It using a great deal of electricity, generated a lot of heat,
which was often the cause of malfunctions.
 Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and
output was displayed on printouts.
 The UNIVAC and ENIAC computers are examples of first-
generation computing devices.

5. SECOND GENERATION - 1956-1963:
 Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered in
the second generation of computers.
 The transistor was far superior to the vacuum tube, allowing
computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more
energy-efficient and more reliable than their first-
generation predecessors.
 The memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to
magnetic core technology.
 High-level programming languages were also being
developed at this time, such as early versions of COBOL
and FORTRAN.

6. THIRD GENERATION - 1964-1971:
 The development of the integrated circuit was the
hallmark of the third generation of computers.
Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon
chips, called semiconductors, which drastically
increased the speed and efficiency of computers.
 Instead of punched cards and printouts, users
interacted with third generation computers through
keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an
operating system
 The Computers were smaller and cheaper than their
predecessors.

7. FOURTH GENERATION - 1971-PRESENT:
 The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of
computers, as thousands of integrated circuits were
built onto a single silicon chip.
 In 1981 IBM introduced its first computer for the home
user, and in 1984 Apple introduced the Macintosh.
Microprocessors also moved out of the realm of
desktop computers.
 Fourth generation computers also saw the
development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld
devices.

8. FIFTH GENERATION - PRESENT AND BEYOND
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
 Fifth generation computing devices, based on
artificial intelligence, are still in development, though
there are some applications..
 The use of parallel processing and superconductors
is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality.
 Quantum computation and molecular and
nanotechnology will radically change the face of
computers in years to come.
 The goal of fifth-generation computing is to develop
devices that respond to natural language input and
are capable of learning and self-organization.

9. TYPES OF COMPUTER
 SUPER COMPUTER – Using in Military and Science, Highest
end of the computer Range. PARAM
is the India’s Super Computer.
 MINI COMPUTER – Better Performance, Larger in Size,
Cost more than Micros, It can be used
as Server in LAN’s)
 MAINFRAME COMPUTER – Better Performance than MINI’s,
Larger in Size, Cost more than
Micros, It can be used as Server
in WAN’s.
 MICRO COMPUTER – Lowest end of Computer Range ,
Used in Teaching and entertainment
 DESKTOP
 LAPTOP
 PALM TOP
 NOTE BOOK SIZE

10. DESKTOP
i) These are commonly used computer where the input,
processor and the output are three different units. These
are kept on the desk and works on the A.C. powers.
These also called the personnel computer (PC)
PALM TOP
ii) These are very small computer where input, processor
and output are joined together. This can also work by
battery.
NOTE BOOK
iii) These are even smaller computer , folder like note book.
In one side we cab see the output or monitor and in the
other side the processor and keyboard together. This is
also can operate by battery.
LAP TOP
iv) Portable computer where the input, processor and output
is very compact and can be kept inside a briefcase. These
are low power requiring computer by battery.

11. Primary functions of a PC
 Storing the data:
 short term storage - is the system memory that holds
the data that you or the system working with right now.
 Long term storage - is provided by the hard disk drive,
like floppy, drives and other devices
 Processing the data
 The key part of the computer that processes information
is the processor.
 The computer translates data from one form to another.
 Movement and communication of the data
 The computer reads the information, moves it into
memory and displays it on the screen or stores it in a file.
 This movement is called input/output or I/O
 The computer uses networking components, to
communicate with other machines.

12.  Computing
 Computers use a form of digital information called binary
information
 The values of binary system are only zero (0) and one (1)
 The hardware processes the commands it receives from
the software, and performs tasks or calculations.
How the computer works?
 The system software tells the CPU to start up certain programs
 The first process is called booting up
 The next step happens when you choose a program you want to
use.
 Click on the printer icon, if you decide to print the page.

13. PARTS OF COMPUTER

14.  Motherboard hold the computer hardware subcomponents
 Memory is used to provide temporary storage of
information
 Microprocessor is used to provide the processing of data
function
 Video card is an interface between the computer monitor
and the motherboard
 Sound card is an interface between the computer
speakers and the motherboard
 Hard disk is used to provide permanent storage of data
PARTS OF COMPUTER

15.  CD ROM drive or DVD drive is used to provide permanent
storage of data .
 Floppy Drive is a low capacity storage device
 Monitor is an output device that displays the data /
information
 System Case that houses several internal operating
mechanisms
 Keypad: is an input device similar to a kind of a typewriter
 Mouse helps to activate certain things on the monitor

16.  Case is the outside component which provides
protection for the parts inside.