This document discusses key terminology used in data communication. It defines channel, baud, bandwidth, data transfer rate, and transmission media. A channel refers to the physical medium over which data is exchanged, such as cables. Baud measures the information capacity of a channel in state changes per second. Bandwidth refers to a channel's data carrying capacity and is measured in bits per second. Digital bandwidth is measured in bps or Hz, while analog is measured in Hz. Data transfer rate indicates the amount of data transferred per second in units of bps or Bps. Transmission media include wired options like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber as well as wireless options like infrared and radio waves.

1. DATA COMMUNICATION
TERMINOLOGY
NEERAJ PANDEY
CSE 4TH YEAR

2. CONTENT
 CHANNEL
 BAUD
 BANDWIDTH
 DATA TRANSFER RATE
 TRANSMISSION MEDIA

3. CHANNEL
 Physical medium like cables over which information is exchanged
 A medium that is used to carry information or data from one point to
another.

4. BAUD
 The unit of measurement for the information carrying capacity of
communication channel.
 One baud is one electronic state change per second.
 Since a single state change can involve more than a single bit of data, the
bps unit of measurement has replaced it as a better expression of data
transmission speed.

5. BANDWIDTH
 Data carrying capacity of a channel or medium
 Data transfer rates that can be supported by a network
 It is measured in bits per second (bps).

6. BANDWIDTH In Digital and Analog Systems
 For Digital devices, the bandwidth is usually expressed in bits per
second(bps) or bytes per second.
 For Analog devices, the bandwidth is expressed in cycles per second i.e.,
Hertz (Hz).
1 Hz = one cycle per second
1 kilohertz = 103 Hz
1 megahertz = 106 Hz

7. BANDWIDTH In Digital and Analog Systems
Value Full Short Represents
A kilohertz kHz
a thousand cycles
per second
A megahertz MHz a thousand kHz
A gigahertz GHz a thousand MHz
A terahertz THz a thousand GHz

8. DATA TRANSFER RATE
 The amount of data transferred per second
 Data rate is measured in units of either bps, Bps

9. TRANSMISSION MEDIA
TRANSMISSION MEDIA
WIRED/GUIDED WIRELESS/UNGUIDED
Twisted Cable Coaxial Cable Optical Fibre Infrared Radio Wave

10. Twisted Pair Cable
 A type of cable made by putting two separate insulated wires together in a
twisted pattern and running them parallel to each other

11. Coaxial Cable
 Copper cables with better shielding than twisted pair cables, so that
transmitted signals may travel longer distances at higher speeds
 Stiff copper wire as core
 Insulating material surrounding the core
 Closely woven braided mesh of
conducting material surrounding
the insulator
 Protective plastic sheath encasing the wire

12. Optical Fibre
 A long distance network telecommunications cable made from strands of glass fiber
that uses pulses of light to transfer data.
 Core made of high quality silica glass or plastic
 Cladding made of high quality silica glass or
plastic, with a lower refractive index than
the core
 Protective outer covering called buffer

13. Infrared
 Low frequency infrared waves are used for very short distance
communication
 Infrared signals can propagate within a room but cannot penetrate walls.

14. Radio Wave
 Transmission of data using radio frequencies
 Radio stations transmit radio waves using transmitters, which are received
by the receiver installed in our devices

15. THANK YOU
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