The document discusses network media and data transmissions. It describes different types of transmission media including guided/wired media like twisted pair cable, coaxial cable, and optical fiber cable. It also discusses unguided/wireless media like radio waves, microwaves, and infrared waves. It provides details on the components of data transmission including source, transmitter, transmission system, receiver, and destination. It also explains network interface cards and how they allow devices to communicate on a network.

1. NETWORK MEDIA AND
DATA TRANSMISSIONS
PRESENTED BY:
CLAISSE NERIEL L. MARTINEZ

2. DATA TRANSMISSION
• Data transmission (also data communication or digital communications) is
the transfer of data (a digital bitstream or a digitized analog signal) over a point-
to-point or point-to-multipoint communication channel. The data are represented
as an electromagnetic signal, such as an electrical voltage, radiowave, microwave,
or infrared signal.

3. TRANSMISSION MEDIUM AND PHYSICAL LAYER

4. SIMPLIFIED COMMUNICATIONS
MODEL - DIAGRAM
• Source – generates data to be
transmitted.
• Transmitter – Converts data into
transmittable signals.
• Transmission System – Carries data.
• Receiver – Converts received signals
into data.
• Destination – Takes incoming data.

6. TRANSMISSION
MEDIA
• In data communication
terminology, a transmission
medium is a physical path
between the transmitter
and the receiver, it is the
channel through which
data is sent from one place
to another.

7. GUIDED/ WIRED MEDIA
• It is also referred to as Wired or Bounded transmission media.
Signals being transmitted are directed and confined in a narrow
pathway by using physical links.
Features:
• High Speed
• Secure
• Used for comparatively shorter distances

8. TYPES OF GUIDED/ WIRED MEDIA
• Twisted Pair Cable
It consists of 2 separately insulated conductor wires
wound about each other. Generally, several such
pairs are bundled together in a protective sheath.
They are the most widely used Transmission Media.
Twisted Pair is of two types:
• Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP):
This type of cable has the ability to block
interference and does not depend on a physical shield
for this purpose. It is used for telephonic applications.
• Shielded Twisted Pair (STP):
This type of cable consists of a special jacket to
block external interference. It is used in fast-data-rate
Ethernet and in voice and data channels of telephone
lines.

9. TWISTED-PAIR CABLE

10. CATEGORIES OF
UNSHIELDED
TWISTED-PAIR
CABLES

11. UTP CONNECTORS

12. Name NIC1 Color
T X + (B I_ D A +) 1 W h ite /O ra n g e
T X - (B I_ D A -) 2 O ra n g e
R X + (B I_ D B +) 3 W h ite /G re e n
- (B I_ D C +) 4 B lu e
- (B I_ D C -) 5 W h ite /B lu e
R X - (B I_ D B -) 6 G re e n
- (B I_ D D +) 7 W h ite /B ro w n
- (B I_ D D -) 8 B ro w n
Both sides of Cable
PC Hub or Switch
UTP PIN ASSIGNMENT (NORMAL UTP CABLE)

13. UTP PIN ASSIGNMENT (CROSS UTP CABLE)
Name NIC1 Color
T X + (B I_ D A +) 1 W h ite /O ra n ge
T X - (B I_ D A -) 2 O ra n ge
R X + (B I_ D B +) 3 W h ite /G re e n
- (B I_ D C +) 4 B lu e
- (B I_ D C -) 5 W h ite /B lu e
R X - (B I_ D B -) 6 G re e n
- (B I_ D D +) 7 W h ite /B ro w n
- (B I_ D D -) 8 B ro w n
One side of Cable
Name NIC2 Color
R X + (B I_ D B +) 3 W h ite /O ra n ge
R X - (B I_ D B -) 6 O ra n ge
T X + (B I_ D A +) 1 W h ite /G re e n
- (B I_ D D +) 7 B lu e
- (B I_ D D -) 8 W h ite /B lu e
T X - (B I_ D A -) 2 G re e n
- (B I_ D C +) 4 W h ite /B ro w n
- (B I_ D C -) 5 B ro w n
The other side of Cable
PC PC

14. • Coaxial Cable
It has an outer plastic covering containing 2
parallel conductors each having a separate
insulated protection cover. Coaxial cable
transmits information in two modes:
Baseband mode(dedicated cable bandwidth)
and Broadband mode(cable bandwidth is
split into separate ranges). Cable TVs and
analog television networks widely use
cables.

15. COAXIAL CABLE

16. Table 7.2 Categories of coaxial cables
Category Impedance Use
RG-59 75 W Cable TV
RG-58 50 W Thin Ethernet
RG-11 50 W Thick Ethernet
Radio Government (RG) rating

17. • Optical Fiber Cable
It uses the concept of reflection of light
through a core made up of glass or
plastic. The core is surrounded by a less
dense glass or plastic covering called the
cladding. It is used for transmission of
large volumes of data.

18. Figure 7.11 Optical fiber

19. Figure 7.12 Propagation modes

20. Figure 7.13 Modes

21. Table 7.3 Fiber types
Type Core Cladding Mode
50/125 50 125 Multimode, graded-index
62.5/125 62.5 125 Multimode, graded-index
100/125 100 125 Multimode, graded-index
7/125 7 125 Single-mode

22. UNGUIDED/WIRELESS MEDIA
• It is also referred to as Wireless or Unbounded transmission media. No physical
medium is required for the transmission of electromagnetic signals.
Features:
• Signal is broadcasted through air
• Less Secure
• Used for larger distances

23. Figure 7.18 Propagation methods

24. Table 7.4 Bands

25. TYPES OF GUIDED/
WIRED MEDIA
• Radiowaves –
These are easy to generate and can penetrate through
buildings. The sending and receiving antennas need not be
aligned. Frequency Range:3KHz – 1GHz. AM and FM radios and
cordless phones use Radiowaves for transmission.
Further Categorized as (i) Terrestrial and (ii) Satellite.
• Terrestrial Radio - Any radio signal that travels along the
land, is broadcast from a land based station and is
received by land based receivers is called as terrestrial
radio.
• Satellite Radio - A satellite radio is simply the terrestrial
radio signal bounced off an artificial satellite. These are
used by broadcast companies to cover wider ranges than
is possible using the terrestrial antenna.

26. • Microwaves –
It is a line of sight transmission i.e. the sending and receiving antennas need to be
properly aligned with each other. The distance covered by the signal is directly
proportional to the height of the antenna. Frequency Range:1GHz – 300GHz. These
are majorly used for mobile phone communication and television distribution.
• Infrared –
This uses infrared waves to transmit and receive data. Infrared waves are used for
short distance communication. They cannot penetrate through obstacles. This
prevents interference between systems. Frequency Range: 300GHz – 400THz. It is
in TV remotes, wireless mouse, keyboard, printer, etc.

27. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

28. NETWORK
INTERFACE
CARD (NIC)
• A Network Interface Card is the internal hardware
installed in computers and other devices that
allows them to communicate on a network.
• A Network Interface Card acts as a liaison for the
machine to both send and receive data on the
LAN.
• Network Interface Card are typically available in
10/ 100 / 1000 Mbit/s varieties. This means they
can support a notional maximum transfer rate of
10, 100 or 1000 Megabits per second.

29. NETWORK
INTERFACE
CARD (NIC)
• The Network Interface Card functions like an I/O
device: it is built for a specific network technology.
• To accommodate the mismatch in speed, since
most computer networks transfer data across a
medium at a fixed rate, each computer attached
to a network contain network interface card.
• Every device or a network card has a unique 48-bt
serial number called MAC (Media Access Control)
Address, which used to direct traffic between the
computers and stored in ROM (Read-Only
Memory) carried on the card. (e.g: A1B2C3D4E5F6)

30. HOW NETWORK
INTERFACE
CARD WORKS?

31. TYPES OF NETWORK INTERFACE

32. Reference:
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_transmission
• https://slideplayer.com/slide/7906227/
• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-transmission-media/
• https://www.quora.com/What-is-terrestrial-radio
• https://www.slideshare.net/sourabh4u07/network-interface-card