Data Collection.pptx
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Data is collected from various sources by organizations to help them make better decisions. It consists of facts, figures, objects, symbols and events. Data collection involves gathering information from relevant sources to answer research questions, test hypotheses and evaluate outcomes. Without data, organizations would struggle to make appropriate decisions.
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This document discusses data collection and analysis. It defines data collection as gathering information in a systematic way to answer research questions. The main sources of data collection are identified as surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, and documents. Both primary and secondary data collection methods are outlined. For primary data, specific techniques like interviews, focus groups, questionnaires are explained. Secondary data sources include existing information from reports, records, and publications. The document also discusses qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods like thematic analysis, content analysis, and common statistical tests used in hypothesis testing and interpreting relationships like z-tests, t-tests, chi-square, ANOVA, correlation, and regression.
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This document discusses data collection and analysis. It defines data collection as gathering information in a systematic way to answer research questions. The main sources of data collection are identified as surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, and documents. Both primary and secondary data collection methods are outlined. For primary data, specific techniques like interviews, focus groups, questionnaires are explained. Secondary data sources include existing information from reports, records, and publications. The document also discusses qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods like thematic analysis, content analysis, and common statistical tests used in hypothesis testing and interpreting relationships like z-tests, t-tests, chi-square, ANOVA, correlation, and regression.
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Data Collection & Data Analysis:
Objectives:
Discuss the term data collection and various ways of data collection, including training of data collectors
Discuss the types of data and various methods of data collection.
Run the statistical software for quantitative, qualitative and outcome research.
Know the salient features of data entry and analysis soft wares, i.e SPSS and NVIVO
Apply appropriate statistical test.
Data Collection:
“The process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer queries, stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.”
Data Collection Sources:
Primary
Secondary
Interviews:
The researcher asks questions of a large sampling of people, either by direct interviews or means of mass communication such as by phone or mail. This method is by far the most common means of data gathering.
Projective Data Gathering:
Projective data gathering is an indirect interview, used when potential respondents know why they're being asked questions and hesitate to answer.
For instance, someone may be reluctant to answer questions about their phone service if a cell phone carrier representative poses the questions. With projective data gathering, the interviewees get an incomplete question, and they must fill in the rest, using their opinions, feelings, and attitudes.
Delphi Technique:
The Oracle at Delphi, according to Greek mythology, was the high priestess of Apollo’s temple, who gave advice, prophecies, and counsel. In the realm of data collection, researchers use the Delphi technique by gathering information from a panel of experts. Each expert answers questions in their field of specialty, and the replies are consolidated into a single opinion.
Focus Groups:
Focus groups, like interviews, are a commonly used technique. The group consists of anywhere from a half-dozen to a dozen people, led by a moderator, brought together to discuss the issue.
Questionnaires:
Questionnaires are a simple, straightforward data collection method. Respondents get a series of questions, either open or close-ended, related to the matter at hand.
Secondary Data Collection.
Unlike primary data collection, there are no specific collection methods. Instead, since the information has already been collected, the researcher consults various data sources, such as:
Financial Statements
Sales Reports
Retailer/Distributor/Deal Feedback
Customer Personal Information (e.g., name, address, age, contact info)
Business Journals
Government Records (e.g., census, tax records, Social Security info)
Trade/Business Magazines
The internet.
Qualitative data analysis:
Qualitative data is analyzed via two approaches:
Thematic Analysis (Braun & Clarke 2006)
Content Analysis (Creswell 2013)
Data Collection
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This document discusses basic concepts of information and information systems. It defines information as meaningfully interpreted data that provides useful messages. An information system gathers and disseminates data to users. A management information system specifically processes organizational data to provide useful information to management for decision making. The document also distinguishes between data, which are unprocessed facts, and information, which is interpreted, organized data that has meaning and value. Finally, it discusses common techniques for collecting data like surveys, secondary sources, tests, and interviews.
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1. primary data and secondary data along with there methods of data collection.
2. importance of statistics in research work
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Data Collection, Analysis & Interpretation.pdf
This document discusses data collection and analysis. It defines data collection as gathering information in a systematic way to answer research questions. The main sources of data collection are identified as surveys, interviews, focus groups, observations, and documents. Both primary and secondary data collection methods are outlined. For primary data, specific techniques like interviews, focus groups, questionnaires are explained. Secondary data sources include existing information from reports, records, and publications. The document also discusses qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods like thematic analysis, content analysis, and common statistical tests used in hypothesis testing and interpreting relationships like z-tests, t-tests, chi-square, ANOVA, correlation, and regression.
Unit 10. Data Collection & Analysis.pptx
Data Collection & Data Analysis:
Objectives:
Discuss the term data collection and various ways of data collection, including training of data collectors
Discuss the types of data and various methods of data collection.
Run the statistical software for quantitative, qualitative and outcome research.
Know the salient features of data entry and analysis soft wares, i.e SPSS and NVIVO
Apply appropriate statistical test.
Data Collection:
“The process of gathering and measuring information on variables of interest, in an established systematic fashion that enables one to answer queries, stated research questions, test hypotheses, and evaluate outcomes.”
Data Collection Sources:
Primary
Secondary
Interviews:
The researcher asks questions of a large sampling of people, either by direct interviews or means of mass communication such as by phone or mail. This method is by far the most common means of data gathering.
Projective Data Gathering:
Projective data gathering is an indirect interview, used when potential respondents know why they're being asked questions and hesitate to answer.
For instance, someone may be reluctant to answer questions about their phone service if a cell phone carrier representative poses the questions. With projective data gathering, the interviewees get an incomplete question, and they must fill in the rest, using their opinions, feelings, and attitudes.
Delphi Technique:
The Oracle at Delphi, according to Greek mythology, was the high priestess of Apollo’s temple, who gave advice, prophecies, and counsel. In the realm of data collection, researchers use the Delphi technique by gathering information from a panel of experts. Each expert answers questions in their field of specialty, and the replies are consolidated into a single opinion.
Focus Groups:
Focus groups, like interviews, are a commonly used technique. The group consists of anywhere from a half-dozen to a dozen people, led by a moderator, brought together to discuss the issue.
Questionnaires:
Questionnaires are a simple, straightforward data collection method. Respondents get a series of questions, either open or close-ended, related to the matter at hand.
Secondary Data Collection.
Unlike primary data collection, there are no specific collection methods. Instead, since the information has already been collected, the researcher consults various data sources, such as:
Financial Statements
Sales Reports
Retailer/Distributor/Deal Feedback
Customer Personal Information (e.g., name, address, age, contact info)
Business Journals
Government Records (e.g., census, tax records, Social Security info)
Trade/Business Magazines
The internet.
Qualitative data analysis:
Qualitative data is analyzed via two approaches:
Thematic Analysis (Braun & Clarke 2006)
Content Analysis (Creswell 2013)
Data Collection
This document discusses the importance of data collection in the classroom for assessment, accountability, collaboration, problem solving, and providing feedback. It defines what constitutes data and explains that data collection has two components: information gathering and decision making. Several models for data-based decision making are presented for academic and behavioral issues. The document provides tips on how to properly collect objective, measurable baseline data and tips for managing the data collected. It demonstrates how to graph data using different chart types and how to use data to make intervention and instructional decisions.
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This document discusses various methods for collecting data, including definitions, types, categories, and sources of data. It describes primary and secondary data and how each are collected. Common data collection methods like questionnaires, interviews, observation, and document analysis are explained along with their advantages and disadvantages. The key points are that there are various ways to collect both quantitative and qualitative data, and the optimal method depends on factors like the research question and available resources. Primary sources involve collecting original data while secondary sources use previously collected data.
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The document defines research and describes various methods for collecting primary data. It discusses:
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2) Primary data collection methods include quantitative methods like surveys, observations, and experiments as well as qualitative methods like focus groups, in-depth interviews, and projective techniques.
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BIO 10 Can Eating Insects Save the WorldDue Monday, Dec 10, .docx
BIO 10
Can Eating Insects Save the World?
Due: Monday, Dec 10, 2018, 11:59pm
(10 points)
Instructions:
· Watch the documentary (59 min): https://youtu.be/Acxbx-DUkL4
· Answer the 6 questions below. Copy and paste the entire section, including questions onto Canvas for submission.
Short answer questions:
Keep your answers to a few sentences each. #4 can be a little longer.
1) List and discuss the health benefits of eating insects.
2) List and discuss the benefit(s) to the environment.
3) List and discuss the impact(s) on the planet and the human population.
4) Can you think of some disadvantages of eating insects? Do a bit of research to verify your claim either way. Briefly present your evidence in support of your answer.
5) Are spiders insects? Explain.
Running head: THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION
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1
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION
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The Difference between Data and Information
Jassim Alajmi
Dr. Qudrat
The Difference between Data and Information
Introduction
Most of the individuals have the belief that the term information and data are interchangeable and have the same meaning. Nevertheless, there exists a unique difference between the two terms. Data can refer to any character, word, text, or number and if it is not placed into context, doesn't mean anything or means very little to humans. Information may be in its context a data which is formatted in such a way allowing it to be used by people in certain vital situations. Understanding the differences between data and information is essential because it helps to eradicate the apparent confusion brought about by the application of the two terms in organizations and other relevant professions.
Data
Data refers to the grouping of details and facts such as figures, texts, symbols, observations, or merely descriptions of certain things, entities or events collected with the aim of creating inferences. It represents the raw facts which require processing to obtain the information which needed for action to be taken upon a given situation (Silverman, 2018). It is mostly known to entail such things as characters and statements, as well as numbers before undergoing refining by the individual involved in its extraction who in this case is known as the researcher.
The word data is derived from the Latin word called datum which means something given. Data is therefore offered and provided by individuals involved in the survey process. Its concept is thus linked to the scientific research which included a collection of data and analysis before interpreting it to come up with the exact information regarding a given situation (Silverman, 2018). It is often gathered by several organizations, institutions, government departments as well as non-governmental agencies and bodies for various distinct reasons. Data exists in two major forms namely primary and secondary data.
Primary data is that data which is gathered by researchers from .
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2. Creating a sampling frame from the target population.
3. Choosing a sampling method, either probability or non-probability.
4. Determining an appropriate sample size based on factors like population size, desired accuracy, and research budget.
5. Developing a sampling plan to guide sample selection and fieldwork procedures.
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- Descriptive research gathers quantifiable information through closed-ended questions to statistically measure characteristics about a group. While it provides defined insights, used properly it can help organizations better understand audiences.
- Historical research examines past events and combinations of events to provide an account of what has occurred previously. It aims to communicate an understanding, rather than just collect facts.
- Exploratory research is conducted when a problem is not yet clearly defined. It helps determine the best design, methods, and subjects for further research by exploring an issue without a predetermined outcome.
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The document defines research as a systematic process of investigation to establish new facts or verify existing knowledge through careful data collection and analysis. Business research specifically aims to provide information to guide managerial decisions by systematically acquiring, analyzing, and disseminating relevant data. The role of business research has increased in importance due to factors like global competition, advances in technology, and the need for data-driven decision making in complex business environments.
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data collection
This document discusses various methods for collecting data, including definitions, types, categories, and sources of data. It describes primary and secondary data and how each are collected. Common data collection methods like questionnaires, interviews, observation, and document analysis are explained along with their advantages and disadvantages. The key points are that there are various ways to collect both quantitative and qualitative data, and the optimal method depends on factors like the research question and available resources. Primary sources involve collecting original data while secondary sources use previously collected data.
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Research
The document defines research and describes various methods for collecting primary data. It discusses:
1) Research is defined as creating new knowledge through new and creative use of existing information. It includes synthesis and analysis of previous research.
2) Primary data collection methods include quantitative methods like surveys, observations, and experiments as well as qualitative methods like focus groups, in-depth interviews, and projective techniques.
3) Both primary and secondary sources are used to gather data, with primary data collected directly for the research and secondary data having been previously collected.
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BIO 10 Can Eating Insects Save the WorldDue Monday, Dec 10, .docx
BIO 10
Can Eating Insects Save the World?
Due: Monday, Dec 10, 2018, 11:59pm
(10 points)
Instructions:
· Watch the documentary (59 min): https://youtu.be/Acxbx-DUkL4
· Answer the 6 questions below. Copy and paste the entire section, including questions onto Canvas for submission.
Short answer questions:
Keep your answers to a few sentences each. #4 can be a little longer.
1) List and discuss the health benefits of eating insects.
2) List and discuss the benefit(s) to the environment.
3) List and discuss the impact(s) on the planet and the human population.
4) Can you think of some disadvantages of eating insects? Do a bit of research to verify your claim either way. Briefly present your evidence in support of your answer.
5) Are spiders insects? Explain.
Running head: THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION
Alajmi
1
THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DATA AND INFORMATION
Alajmi
2
The Difference between Data and Information
Jassim Alajmi
Dr. Qudrat
The Difference between Data and Information
Introduction
Most of the individuals have the belief that the term information and data are interchangeable and have the same meaning. Nevertheless, there exists a unique difference between the two terms. Data can refer to any character, word, text, or number and if it is not placed into context, doesn't mean anything or means very little to humans. Information may be in its context a data which is formatted in such a way allowing it to be used by people in certain vital situations. Understanding the differences between data and information is essential because it helps to eradicate the apparent confusion brought about by the application of the two terms in organizations and other relevant professions.
Data
Data refers to the grouping of details and facts such as figures, texts, symbols, observations, or merely descriptions of certain things, entities or events collected with the aim of creating inferences. It represents the raw facts which require processing to obtain the information which needed for action to be taken upon a given situation (Silverman, 2018). It is mostly known to entail such things as characters and statements, as well as numbers before undergoing refining by the individual involved in its extraction who in this case is known as the researcher.
The word data is derived from the Latin word called datum which means something given. Data is therefore offered and provided by individuals involved in the survey process. Its concept is thus linked to the scientific research which included a collection of data and analysis before interpreting it to come up with the exact information regarding a given situation (Silverman, 2018). It is often gathered by several organizations, institutions, government departments as well as non-governmental agencies and bodies for various distinct reasons. Data exists in two major forms namely primary and secondary data.
Primary data is that data which is gathered by researchers from .
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The document discusses various statistical analysis techniques for making sense of numerical data, including descriptive statistics like measures of central tendency and dispersion to describe basic features of data, and inferential statistics to make predictions about a larger population based on a sample. Common inferential techniques covered are correlation, regression analysis, analysis of variance, and hypothesis testing to compare data against assumptions. The goal of these statistical methods is to derive meaningful insights from research data.
Sampling.pptx
This document discusses various sampling techniques used in research. It defines key terms like population, sample, and sampling frame. It describes probability sampling methods like simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling. It also covers non-probability sampling techniques such as convenience sampling, voluntary response sampling, purposive sampling, snowball sampling, and quota sampling. The document provides details on calculating sample size and discusses Cochran's sample size formula.
Sampling merits & Demerits.pptx
This document discusses the key steps in developing a sampling methodology:
1. Defining the target population and sampling units.
2. Creating a sampling frame from the target population.
3. Choosing a sampling method, either probability or non-probability.
4. Determining an appropriate sample size based on factors like population size, desired accuracy, and research budget.
5. Developing a sampling plan to guide sample selection and fieldwork procedures.
6. Finally, selecting the actual sample elements from the sampling frame using the chosen method.
Questionnaire Vs schedule.docx
The document compares two methods of data collection: questionnaires and schedules. Questionnaires involve respondents answering self-administered written questions, while schedules involve in-person interviews where enumerators record respondents' answers. Some key differences are that questionnaires generally have lower costs, larger coverage, and less potential for bias than schedules, but schedules have higher response rates and allow clarifying questions. The appropriate method depends on factors like respondents' literacy levels and accessibility.
Pretesting.pptx
The Nakamura Lacquer Company received two offers to sell their lacquerware in the American market: the first from National China Company offering annual purchases of 400,000 sets over three years at a 5% markup but requiring giving up the Chrysanthemum trademark and exclusivity; the second from SSW offering to invest $1.5 million in promotion over two years for exclusive representation and sales of the Chrysanthemum brand in the growing American market for five years. Mr. Nakamura must decide which if any of these offers to accept to expand into the American market.
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This document discusses the key steps in developing a sampling methodology:
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6. Finally, selecting the actual sample from the sampling frame according to the chosen method.
Pretesting.pptx
The Nakamura Lacquer Company received two offers to sell their lacquerware in the American market: the first from National China Company offering annual purchases of 400,000 sets over three years at a 5% markup but requiring giving up the Chrysanthemum trademark and selling exclusively to them in the US; the second from Sammelback, Sammelback and Whittacker offering $1.5 million in promotion funding over two years to introduce the Chrysanthemum brand exclusively through them in the US for five years at standard commission rates and requiring using profits to pay back the funding. Mr. Nakamura must decide which if any of these offers to
Questionnaire Vs schedule.docx
The document compares two methods of data collection: questionnaires and schedules. Questionnaires involve respondents answering self-administered written questions, while schedules involve in-person interviews where enumerators record respondents' answers. Some key differences are that questionnaires generally have lower costs, larger coverage, and less potential for bias than schedules, but schedules have higher response rates and allow clarifying questions. The appropriate method depends on factors like respondents' literacy levels and accessibility.
Measurement & Scaling Techniques.pptx
Meaning of Measurement & Scaling, 4 types of Scaling techniques and differences inbetween the techniques
Data Collection.pptx
Data is collected from various sources by organizations to help them make better decisions. It consists of facts, figures, objects, symbols and events. Data collection involves gathering information from relevant sources to answer research questions, test hypotheses and evaluate outcomes. Without data, organizations would struggle to make appropriate decisions.
Measurement & Scaling Techniques.pptx
Meaning of Measurement & Scaling, 4 types of Scaling techniques and differences inbetween the techniques
Types of Research.pptx
This document discusses different types of research methodologies. It defines research and outlines the nature of research as systematic, following logical reasoning using both inductive and deductive methods. The document then describes the main types of research as: descriptive vs analytical, applied vs fundamental, qualitative vs quantitative, and conceptual vs empirical. Key differences between each type are provided through short explanations and examples.
Scope & Ex- post facto research.pptx
This document discusses the scope of research and ex-post facto research. It defines scope of research as referring to the subject matter to be analyzed, including the place, duration, specific aspects, and number of respondents. The broad areas of research in rural development are then categorized, such as village community, rural economy, land reform measures, self-help groups, and more. Ex-post facto research is then defined as a type of study that starts after the fact has occurred, where the independent variable has already affected the dependent variable in a retrospective manner.
1 Research Methodology.pptx
This document discusses the definition and purpose of research. It states that research is a systematic, careful study of a problem using objective analysis to discover new knowledge or solutions. The goals of research are to discover new facts, verify existing facts, analyze phenomena to understand causes and effects, develop new tools and theories, and find solutions to scientific and social issues. Research involves systematically studying a problem, forming a hypothesis, collecting and analyzing data, and drawing conclusions.
Case Study- Research Methodology.pptx
The document describes a case study where a corporate HR head betrays the trust of an employee seeking a job by informing the police about the employee's criminal past after gaining his confidence. This leads other employees to lose faith in the HR head as his actions amount to a breach of trust. The document asks how the VP of the company should resolve this situation arising from the HR head's behavior.
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- 1. Data Collection Dr. D. Heena Cowsar Assistant Professor of Commerce Bon Secours College for Women, Thanjavur heena.raffi@gmail.com
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