Can flexibility be built into cropping systems for adapting to climate uncertainty? - Darshan Sharma

•Download as PPT, PDF•

0 likes•638 views

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

This project aims to demonstrate ways for wheat cropping systems in Western Australia to adapt to climate uncertainty through increased flexibility. Potential strategies discussed include: 1) Growing varieties with desirable stability/plasticity of yield components under varying conditions. 2) Strategically structuring plant populations using varietal mixtures to maximize buffering against stress. 3) Controlling populations by killing part of the crop later in the season if weather forecasts indicate dry and warm conditions to reduce yield loss.

Technology News & Politics

Can flexibility be built into cropping systems for adapting to climate uncertainty? (practical, on ground, farming systems) Presenter: Darshan Sharma Centre for Cropping Systems Northam, WA This project DAW00202 'Demonstrating adaptation to climate change in the wheatbelt of Western Australia through innovative on-farm and virtual farm approaches' is funded by the Department of Agriculture and Food, Western Australia , the Grains Research and Development Corporation and the Australian Government's Climate Change Research Program . WA DAFWA Team: Caroline Peek, Glen Riethmuller, David Bowran, Doug Abrecht, Geraldine Pasqual, Meredith Fairbanks, David Gray,

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Background Challenge How to adapt farming system to ± ? We agree Climate is changing/changed In most of the Southwest of WA Temperature: ⁭ ± Rainfall : ↓ ± Source: IOCI

Hypothesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1. Plasticity/Stability ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Spike size change : Grain weight change e.g. Eagle Rock is more stable for Grain weight while Carnamah is more plastic for Grain weight

2. Population structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

for example- Population structure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3. Population control High plant density may reduce grain yield in rapidly warming and drying conditions.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

We think, Shandying herbicide tolerant and intolerant varieties- a possible option to create an EXTRA decision point that MAY be used LATER in the season Photograph by: Harmohinder Dhammu Tolerant + Intolerant + Spray = Half the population

Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object]

Rotational grazing involves subdividing pastures into paddocks and rotating livestock between them to allow forage recovery. Animals graze one paddock for a period then move to the next in a set sequence. Zero grazing keeps animals indoors and brings cut forage to them, requiring manual or mechanical harvesting. Continuous grazing allows animals to freely graze a single pasture for long periods, such as a whole year.

INTERCROPPING PROJECT WORK

Raghav Raman

This document is a project report submitted by Raghav Raman for their Entrepreneurship Development course. It discusses intercropping (growing multiple crops in proximity) and proposes establishing a sole proprietorship farm business called Double R Farm. The business would practice intercropping and sustainable agriculture. Intercropping improves resource utilization and reduces risks from pests and diseases. It also enhances soil fertility by including nitrogen-fixing crops. The report analyzes the feasibility and provides details about the business organization, mission, policies supporting agriculture startups, financial plan, and marketing strategy.

Intercropping Principles and Production Practices

ElisaMendelsohn

Intercropping offers farmers the opportunity to engage nature's principle of diversity on their farms. The document discusses intercropping principles and concepts, including pursuing diversity through practices like enterprise diversification, crop rotation, and farmscaping. It also covers intercrop productivity and management considerations like spatial arrangements, planting rates, and maturity dates. Examples of different intercrop systems are provided, along with discussions of escalating diversity and stability as well as disease control benefits of intercropping.

Fertilizer management in multiple cropping

Patuakhali Science And Technology University

This document discusses multiple cropping systems and fertilizer management. It begins by defining multiple cropping as growing two or more crops on the same field in one year. It then discusses different types of multiple cropping patterns such as intercropping, sequential cropping, and ratoon cropping. The objectives are to understand different multiple cropping systems and fertilizer management practices. Examples of crop yields and sequences are provided. Fertilizer recommendations are based on soil tests to determine adequate levels of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that influence crop growth.

Cropping system interactions

Thims957

0208 Implications of the System of Rice Intensification for Sustainable Agric...

SRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University

The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an alternative methodology for growing rice. SRI uses younger seedlings, wider spacing between plants, and reduced flooding of fields. It results in larger root systems and increased tillering. Studies have found SRI can double average yields to 8 tons/hectare while reducing water use by 50%, costs of production, and need for agrochemicals. SRI appears counterintuitive but reflects farmers' experiences of increased output from fewer external inputs under improved growing conditions.

Cramer ESA 2013

gsabrinus

This document discusses plant-animal interactions, specifically seed predation by two species of Peromyscus mice (P. maniculatus and P. leucopus) on sugar maple and red maple seeds. Through feeding preference experiments, P. maniculatus consistently preferred and consumed more red maple seeds, while P. leucopus preferences were inconsistent between years. These results indicate the two Peromyscus species differ in their foraging strategies and should not be considered ecologically equivalent, which has implications for understanding their role in seed predation and forest composition.

Ideotype and cropping system of rajul and arti ppt

Govardhan Lodha

This study examined the morphological responses of finger millet (FM) plants to low nitrogen stress. FM plants were grown in a semi-hydroponic system with either no added nitrogen (-N treatment) or normal nitrogen levels (+N treatment). Surprisingly, plants in the -N treatment still grew to maturity, though they had decreased shoot, root, and seed head biomass compared to the +N plants. The -N plants also had fewer tillers and crown roots, and shorter total root length. However, there were no consistent changes in root hair traits between treatments. The results suggest FM has remarkable ability to grow without added nitrogen and indicate mechanisms for further study to understand this trait.

Quail Habitat Basics

Claude Jenkins

This document discusses the habitat requirements of quail, including nesting habitat, brood rearing habitat, loafing and escape cover, roosting habitat, and feeding areas. Nesting habitat contains dense, upright native grasses with bare ground underneath for movement and food access. Brood rearing habitat is characterized by annual forbs and weeds with insects and bare ground. Loafing and escape cover provides dense, shrubby vegetation for protection from predators. Roosting habitat consists of open, herbaceous vegetation during mild weather and wooded areas during cold weather. Feeding areas require a diverse community of plants, insects, seeds and fruits with little ground debris.

Cropping Systems

Nataliya Apanovich

This document discusses several types of cropping systems: - Polyculture involves growing two or more crops together in the same area at the same time. - Conservation agriculture involves no-till farming where crops are grown in the residue of previously harvested crops. - Vetiver is a plant used for contour hedgerows, erosion control, and more due to its ability to stabilize slopes. - Riparian buffers protect water quality and can include productive perennial crops along waterways. - Swidden agriculture, also called shifting cultivation, involves clearing patches of forest and growing crops for 1-3 years before allowing the land to revert back to forest for 5-20 years.

Cropping system interaction

Hari Hariharasudhan

The document discusses different types of interactions that can occur between crops grown in close proximity in cropping systems: 1. Competitive interactions occur when one crop uses limiting resources like water, nutrients, or light at the expense of the other crop. 2. Complementary interactions occur when one crop helps supply resources to the other crop, such as nitrogen fixation by legumes. 3. Allelopathic interactions can occur when one crop releases chemical toxins that inhibit the growth of the other crop. Successful intercropping requires minimizing competitive interactions and maximizing complementary effects between crop species.

Science

mjayanth

There are two main types of cropping patterns: mixed cropping and intercropping. Mixed cropping involves growing multiple crops simultaneously on the same land, which improves soil fertility and increases crop yields as the crops support each other. Intercropping specifically refers to growing two or more crops in close proximity, selecting crops that make use of different soil resources to maximize land productivity without competing with each other. Careful planning is required to avoid competition over space, nutrients, water, or sunlight. Examples show how intercropping can provide structural support between crops or utilize different crop heights.

Using applied research to optimize profitable use of inputs: A Malawi case st...

africa-rising

Principles of Sustainable Weed Management for Croplands

ElisaMendelsohn

This document discusses principles of sustainable weed management for croplands. It argues that conventional tillage and monoculture crop production create conditions that favor weed growth by interrupting ecological succession. A proactive approach seeks to understand the root causes of weeds rather than reactively trying to control them. The publication presents alternatives to conventional systems, such as allelopathy, intercropping, crop rotations, and weed-free cropping designs, to better align agriculture with natural ecological principles and prevent weed problems.

Cropping Pattern

Amal Jood

Pastures: Sustainable Management

ElisaMendelsohn

This document discusses sustainable pasture management. It covers grazing systems, pasture fertility, weed control, and maintenance. Well-managed grazing leads to improved soil fertility and health as livestock harvest excess forage. This closes nutrient cycles and supports a diverse plant community. The key is to see oneself as a grass farmer and use livestock to market the harvested forage over as much of the year as possible. Planning and goal setting are important to integrate crop and livestock enterprises sustainably.

Multilayer Cropping : Ideal approach for better yield and increasing farm income

AntaraPramanik

In India mostly farmers (about 85%)comes under small and marginal farmers. In near future, availability of land for cultivation will be reduce with increasing population and rapid urbanization, degradation of land due to soil erosion and soil salinity. As per estimate, in India more than 95% holding will be under the category of small and marginal holders by 2050 (Agrawal R.L., 1995) . For solution of this problem, multi storied cropping system will be a potential and efficient option to provide food, nutritional and income security to the growing population of India (Awasthi O.P. et.al., 2008) . This has possible because of the diverse agro climatic condition, enormous biodiversity, wide variation in soil fertility, large cultivable land area in the geographical boundary of India. Multi-layer Cropping is a system of growing crops together of different heights at the same time on the same piece of land. It is also referred as multi-storied cropping or multi-tier cropping. Multilayer Cropping is based on the principle of high-density planting and making the ultimate and efficient use of manure, water, land, labour and vertical space. This system of cropping also works on the principles of minimization of production cost and inputs use, development of organic and sustainable farming system in order to mitigate the use of chemicals and ensuring the food and nutritional security to each household. Multilayer system of cropping is sustainable method of cropping that is cost effective and requires less labour . Therefore, people should be made aware of this type of farming system. We know that many farmers in different countries are unwillingly killing themselves because they work hard in their land but they don’t get good production. Farmers who are willing to do work are deprived of different resources like irrigation and good area of agricultural land. In this scenario, they can be motivated to do multi-layer system of cropping which can ultimately solves all these problem. This system of cropping can helps to uplift the economic condition of farmer. The Multilayer Cropping System is indeed a boon to small & marginal farmers.

Cropping systems in vegetables

Waikhom Jupiter Singh, Annamalai University

Banana and turmeric Intercropping

Mohit Dhukia

1. Intercropping banana and turmeric can help increase farmers' incomes by providing additional yield and income compared to sole cropping. Net income from intercropping banana and turmeric is Rs. 540825 compared to Rs. 216757 from sole cropping. 2. Intercropping utilizes land, labor, and capital resources more efficiently and improves soil fertility by maintaining nutrient uptake from different soil layers. Turmeric also benefits banana by controlling soil pests and diseases through its root exudates. 3. While intercropping has advantages like higher yields, it also has limitations such as more difficult management, harvesting, and requiring skilled labor. Overall, intercropping banana and turmeric provides higher

Principles of Analog Forestry

belipola

DocScanner 28-Mar-2022 9-27 pm.pdf

gowtham102

Multiple cropping is growing two or more crops in the same piece of land during a single growing season. There are three main types: sequential cropping, intercropping, and multistoried cropping. Sequential cropping involves growing crops in sequence on the field after one is harvested. Intercropping grows crops simultaneously, with competition during growth. Multistoried cropping plants different heights of crops together. Benefits include reduced risk, maximized production, and maintained soil fertility through nitrogen fixation. Potential disadvantages are pests shifting between year-long crops and difficulty weeding many different crops.

Agro physiological characteristics of qpm genotypes as influenced by irrigati...

Alexander Decker

This study evaluated the agrophysiological characteristics of three Quality Protein Maize (QPM) genotypes (TZE-W Pop x 1368, EV DT-W 99 STR, and DMR-ESRW) under different irrigation schedules (40, 60, and 80 centibars) and plant populations (33,333, 44,444, 55,555, and 66,666 plants/ha) in a semi-arid region of Nigeria over three growing seasons. The results showed that genotype EV-DT W99 STR had significantly higher relative growth rate, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, and total dry matter compared to the other genotypes. Increasing plant population significantly decreased leaf area index and net assimilation rate

Intercropping system in BT cotton

Ankush Singh

This document discusses intercropping systems in Bt cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). It defines intercropping as cultivating two or more crops simultaneously in the same field. The objectives of intercropping include higher productivity, stability of production, and insurance against crop failure. Research has found that intercropping Bt cotton with fodder maize resulted in the highest seed cotton equivalent yield. Applying recommended doses of nitrogen to intercrops also increased intercrop yields. Intercropping was concluded to increase soil fertility, nutrient uptake, and income per unit area compared to sole cropping.

Rotational Grazing

ElisaMendelsohn

Rotational grazing is a grazing management strategy that involves periodically moving livestock to fresh paddocks to allow pastures time to regrow before being grazed again. This grazing method requires skillful monitoring and decision making as well as tools like electric fencing and water systems. When implemented well with adequate rest periods, rotational grazing can reduce feed costs and improve animal health while increasing the pounds of animal production per acre compared to continuous grazing systems.

Sorghum and cowpea intercropping

Mohit Dhukia

This document discusses the benefits of intercropping sorghum and cowpea. It begins by defining intercropping as growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same land with a row pattern to increase cropping intensity. The principles of intercropping are described, such as choosing crops with complementary growth habits. An economic analysis shows that intercropping sorghum and cowpea resulted in higher income (Rs. 82,160) compared to sole cropping of sorghum (Rs. 36,585). The conclusion is that intercropping can boost farmer incomes.

Climate change, price volatility, and food security: Perspective from Southea...

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

The document discusses challenges to food security in Southeast Asia due to climate change, rising fuel prices, and global food supply volatility. It outlines Indonesia's national food security policy goals of achieving self-sufficiency in key crops, promoting food diversification, developing agricultural exports, and improving farmer welfare. The policy focuses on strategies like revitalizing agricultural lands, seeds, infrastructure, and developing technologies to help farmers adapt to climate change impacts and ensure stable domestic food supply.

The Road from Kyoto to Copenhagen: How Can We Ensure Sustainable Growth?

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

The document discusses sustainable agricultural development in Brazil, focusing on opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through practices like restoring degraded lands, expanding integrated crop-livestock systems, biological nitrogen fixation, no-till planting, and intensifying pastoral systems. It outlines Brazil's targets for adopting these practices on millions of hectares and estimates the resulting reductions in carbon emissions. It also describes research at Embrapa on developing sustainable technologies and systems to support adaptation, food security, and low-carbon agriculture in Brazil.

Elektrisch laden the Good, the Bad & the Ugly op Ahtlon mobilitycongres

Vincent Everts

1. The document discusses electric vehicle mobility and trends in electric vehicles such as increasing numbers of charging stations and new models of electric cars. 2. Issues discussed include challenges with battery technology and costs, and the future of oil. 3. New electric vehicles are announced from automakers like BMW, Renault, Mitsubishi and Volkswagen showing increasing investment in electric vehicles.

What's hot

0212 Opportunities for Rice Research and Production Deriving from the System ...

SRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University

Vijay Bhosekar_ Research Article_ Frontiers in Plant Science

vijay bhosekar

Quail Habitat Basics

Claude Jenkins

Cropping Systems

Nataliya Apanovich

Cropping system interaction

Hari Hariharasudhan

Science

mjayanth

Using applied research to optimize profitable use of inputs: A Malawi case st...

africa-rising

Principles of Sustainable Weed Management for Croplands

ElisaMendelsohn

Cropping Pattern

Amal Jood

Pastures: Sustainable Management

ElisaMendelsohn

Multilayer Cropping : Ideal approach for better yield and increasing farm income

AntaraPramanik

Cropping systems in vegetables

Waikhom Jupiter Singh, Annamalai University

Banana and turmeric Intercropping

Mohit Dhukia

Principles of Analog Forestry

belipola

DocScanner 28-Mar-2022 9-27 pm.pdf

gowtham102

Agro physiological characteristics of qpm genotypes as influenced by irrigati...

Alexander Decker

Intercropping system in BT cotton

Ankush Singh

Rotational Grazing

ElisaMendelsohn

Sorghum and cowpea intercropping

Mohit Dhukia

What's hot (19)

0212 Opportunities for Rice Research and Production Deriving from the System ...

Vijay Bhosekar_ Research Article_ Frontiers in Plant Science

Quail Habitat Basics

Cropping Systems

Cropping system interaction

Science

Using applied research to optimize profitable use of inputs: A Malawi case st...

Principles of Sustainable Weed Management for Croplands

Cropping Pattern

Pastures: Sustainable Management

Multilayer Cropping : Ideal approach for better yield and increasing farm income

Cropping systems in vegetables

Banana and turmeric Intercropping

Principles of Analog Forestry

DocScanner 28-Mar-2022 9-27 pm.pdf

Agro physiological characteristics of qpm genotypes as influenced by irrigati...

Intercropping system in BT cotton

Rotational Grazing

Sorghum and cowpea intercropping

Viewers also liked

Climate change, price volatility, and food security: Perspective from Southea...

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

The Road from Kyoto to Copenhagen: How Can We Ensure Sustainable Growth?

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

Elektrisch laden the Good, the Bad & the Ugly op Ahtlon mobilitycongres

Vincent Everts

Role of Emerging Countries in Global Food Security

International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)

This document discusses the important role that emerging countries play in global food security. It argues that emerging countries, through their strong economic growth, dominant role in food production and trade, and increasing foreign investment and aid, should be more strongly integrated into the global food security agenda. It proposes five ways to do so: 1) improve food security within emerging countries, 2) promote mutually beneficial trade, 3) increase pro-poor foreign investment, 4) improve coordination between donors, and 5) support mutual learning of development experiences.

Organic Systems, Environment and Climate Change

Carbon Coalition

JRV adapting cropping systems variability APEC Piura Sept 2016

Decision and Policy Analysis Program

Impact of carbon sequestration on soil and crop productivity

Pravash Chandra Moharana

This document discusses the impact of carbon sequestration on soil and crop productivity. It provides background on global carbon emissions and pools. Soil acts as both a source and sink of atmospheric carbon through processes like photosynthesis, respiration, and decomposition. Improving soil organic carbon through practices like conservation tillage, cover crops, nutrient management, and agroforestry can increase crop yields by improving soil quality properties. Maintaining or increasing soil organic carbon levels through appropriate land management practices helps mitigate climate change while enhancing soil health and agricultural productivity.

Carbon Sequestration and Land Degradation

PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan

This document discusses carbon sequestration in soils through various agricultural management practices. It outlines concepts of carbon sequestration and greenhouse gases. It then discusses specific practices like conservation tillage, cover cropping, animal manure application, improved grassland management, and agroforestry that can sequester carbon in soils at rates of 0.1 to 1+ Mg C/ha/yr. The document emphasizes that a diversity of practices which increase carbon inputs and minimize losses can help mitigate rising greenhouse gases and restore degraded lands.

Viewers also liked (8)

Climate change, price volatility, and food security: Perspective from Southea...

The Road from Kyoto to Copenhagen: How Can We Ensure Sustainable Growth?

Elektrisch laden the Good, the Bad & the Ugly op Ahtlon mobilitycongres

Role of Emerging Countries in Global Food Security

Organic Systems, Environment and Climate Change

JRV adapting cropping systems variability APEC Piura Sept 2016

Impact of carbon sequestration on soil and crop productivity

Carbon Sequestration and Land Degradation

Similar to Can flexibility be built into cropping systems for adapting to climate uncertainty? - Darshan Sharma

HIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPING METHODS FOR ECONOMIC TRAITS and DESIGNER PLANT TY...

Komal Kute

A growing world population is expected to cause a "perfect storm" of food, feed, and biofuel. Under the climate change scenario, it is a challenge for agricultural scientists to ensure food and nutritional security for an ever-increasing population with limited and rapidly depleting resources. However, researchers are now observing that conventional breeding methods will not be sufficient to meet projected future demands for foods. To overcome these constraints, plant breeding has evolved over the past two decades towards a much closer integration of high-throughput phenotyping (HTP) tools and technologies. The "phenotyping revolution" targets extremely precise and accurate measurements of very specific traits in large populations in the field. Sorghum breeding is not new to this advancement, which obviously implies significant shifts in the breeding programs. First, it indicates breeders integrate trait assessment with traditional yield and agronomic evaluation, emphasising that breeding programmes are opened up to new or other disciplines. It additionally requires that these new or other disciplines think about and conceptualise their own actions and orientations from the perspective of how they may fit into a breeding methodology. In this instance, the four primary sorghum breeding domains—staying green and transpiration limitation under high vapour pressure deficit (VPD); nodal root angle and depth; grain mineral content (Fe, Zn); and grain and stover quality traits—are tightly correlated with HTP. These ongoing initiatives focus on value of the particular trait and why it is considered by breeders; how it is measured with HTP approaches (method, throughput, cost, simplicity) and finally, how these traits are currently being embedded in the breeding program. Through various research, it became evident there are several other avenues of technology that, although not yet routinely implemented, could bring about a major benefit to the breeding programme’s endeavour to increase the rate of genetic gains. Here, we discuss the use of drone imaging for yield trial quality control and pinpoint plot heterogeneity, the integration of quality analysis into the assessment of agronomic traits in the field, and the use of X-ray spectroscopy to assess grain or crop architecture traits.

Plant genetic resources and climate change

Decision and Policy Analysis Program

Climate Change

MANOJ C A

The document discusses several topics related to climate change and plant breeding: 1. It outlines natural and human causes of climate change such as changes in the sun's energy output and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. 2. It describes how plants may respond to climate change through extinction, range shifts, habitat fragmentation, genetic differentiation, migration, and phenotypic plasticity. 3. It discusses strategies for improving crop resilience through crop diversification, ideotype breeding, and mutation breeding. Crop diversification involves mixing varieties to reduce pest and disease impacts. Ideotype breeding develops optimized crop models. Mutation breeding enhances genetic variability.

Ecological Farming: Agriculture Drought-Resistant Agriculture

Retiz16x

Human-induced climate change is resulting in less and more erratic rainfall, especially in food insecure regions. Adaptation strategies are needed to help farmers cope with drought and increased weather variability. Ecological farming approaches that build soil health and biodiversity can increase the resilience and stability of agriculture under a changing climate. Practices like cover crops, intercropping, and adding organic matter help soils hold more moisture while reducing erosion. This helps ensure more reliable yields during drought. Continued breeding of drought-tolerant varieties is also important, though genetic engineering is not well-suited due to the complexity of drought tolerance.

0206 Potential Contributions of the System of Rice Intensification to Balanci...

SRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University

- The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is an alternative methodology for growing rice that can significantly increase yields using fewer external inputs. It involves transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing, maintaining moist soil conditions, and mechanical weeding. - SRI has led to increased yields of 8-16 tons/hectare in various countries, compared to average worldwide yields of 3.8 tons/hectare, through profuse tillering, greater root growth, larger panicles, and less water requirement. Additional benefits include lower costs, higher profits, and less need for fertilizers and agrochemicals. - While counterintuitive, SRI principles take advantage of plant biology and dynamics

SRI An Opportunity for Improving Food Security in Latin America

SRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University

The document discusses the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an agricultural method developed in Madagascar that can potentially double rice yields while reducing water usage, costs, and environmental impacts. SRI involves transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing, keeping soil well-aerated through alternate wetting and drying, and weeding frequently using a rotating hoe. Preliminary results from several countries show higher yields with SRI compared to conventional methods, though more evaluation is still needed. The document argues SRI merits further investigation as it could boost food security and productivity.

0210 A Review of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

SRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University

This document provides an overview of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), which is a methodology for growing rice that can produce higher yields with fewer inputs. SRI involves transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing, maintaining moist soil rather than continuous flooding, and incorporating other practices. Key findings from SRI include larger and more extensive root systems, increased numbers of tillers per plant, and higher yields compared to conventional rice growing. While promising, SRI is still being studied scientifically to better understand the mechanisms producing its effects. The document discusses several potential explanations for SRI's results and calls for further research collaboration.

Yield and Environmental Stresses

Abhilash Singh Chauhan

This document discusses various types of environmental stresses that can affect plant growth including drought, high or low temperatures, excessive soil salinity, and inadequate minerals in the soil. It describes different mechanisms by which plants can adapt to or tolerate drought conditions, such as escaping drought by having a short lifecycle, avoiding stress through stomatal regulation and increased photosynthetic efficiency, and tolerating stress through enhanced water conservation and storage abilities. The document focuses on defining and classifying different types of drought, as well as adaptation strategies employed by crops to survive in drought environments.

Climate Smart Rice (CSR): Boosting the food security in the changing climate

IARI, NEW DELHI

Climate change will influence crop distribution and production and increase risks associated with agriculture. Crop productivity has already experienced detrimental impacts, underlining the necessity of taking adaptive measures. Although, in few regions (mainly in temperate latitudes) may experience improved conditions for production. Globally, climate change is expected to reduce cereal production by 1% to 7% by 2060. Both the changing climate and growing population has been increasing the pressure on our food resources. The sustainability of feedable resources is looking difficult in present changing scenario of climate. Almost, more than half of the world’s population, near about 4 billion people eating rice as their staple food (Mohanty, 2014). But on another hand, the changing climate is making it tenacious for rice growing communities to maintain the productivity. So that, there is an urgent need to make a climate suitable genotypes to resist changing climate. Presently, new stress tolerant rice cultivars can help make farmers more resilient against the calamitous effects of climate. Dr. Matthew Morell (Australian scientist), who heads the International Rice Research Institute, Philippines described the climate change ready rice as “the engine of food security” during the delivering the Millennium Lecture at the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation in Chennai, India. Dr. M. S. Swaminathan named rice crop as “the crop of the future” due to its versatility (Environment New Service, 2017).

Agroecological approaches to breeding

FAO

This document summarizes a presentation on agroecological approaches to breeding crops. It discusses breeding crops for mixtures and polycultures, including selecting varieties that complement each other in architecture, growth patterns, and resource use. Examples are provided of intercropping systems like maize-peanut and pigeon pea-groundnut mixtures that allow the crops to access different soil resources. The importance of understanding competition in monocultures and mutual benefits in mixtures is emphasized for successful selection.

Climate Smart Agriculture

Private Agriculture College at Tamil Nadu

Agriculture has been and continues to be the most important sector in Indian economy. Climate change is one of the most important environmental issues facing the world today. The impact of climate change is a reality and it cuts across all climates sensitive sectors including the Agriculture sector. In this situation this seminar focuses on the climate smart agriculture. CSA brings together practices, policies and institutions that are not necessarily new but are used in the context of climatic changes which is prime requirement in arena of climate change. Farmers possessed low level of knowledge regarding climate change, and they adopted traditional methods to mitigate the impact of climate change. Small land holdings, poor extension services and non availability of stress tolerant verities were the major problems faced by the farmers in adoption to climate change. Extension functionaries were having medium level awareness about impact of climate change on agriculture. They used electronic media, training and conferences and seminars as major sources of information for climate change. They need training on climate smart agriculture aspects. Based on the above facts this presentation focuses on analyzing the opportunities and challenges of climate smart agriculture.

Pastures: Sustainable Management

Gardening

- Well-managed grazing systems can improve soil health, biodiversity, and farm sustainability by maintaining permanent pastures, interrupting weed and pest cycles through crop rotations, and improving soil structure and organic matter content. They also allow ruminants to convert forages inedible to humans into meat, milk and fiber. - Key aspects of sustainable pasture management include choosing appropriate grazing systems, monitoring pasture health and fertility, and adjusting plant and livestock choices over time based on goals and conditions. Frequent movement of livestock and dividing fields into paddocks can improve forage quality and utilization compared to continuous grazing.

0203 The System of Rice Intensification An Opportunity for Improving Food Sec...

SRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University

The document summarizes the System of Rice Intensification (SRI), an agricultural method developed in Madagascar that can double rice yields while reducing water usage, costs, and environmental impacts. SRI involves transplanting young seedlings with wide spacing, keeping soil well-aerated through alternate wetting and drying, and frequent weeding. Trials in multiple countries show SRI can increase yields from 2-4 tons/hectare to 5-10 tons/hectare or more through synergistic effects on root and tiller growth. The document discusses scientific explanations for SRI's performance and responses to objections about its adoption and labor requirements.

Genetically Modified Crop ( DROUGHT RESISTANCE CROP )

Dr. Veena Kumari

This document discusses genetically modified drought resistant crops. It begins by defining genetically modified crops as plants modified using genetic engineering to introduce new traits. It then discusses developing drought tolerant crops through conventional breeding and genetic engineering techniques. Conventional breeding is a slow process limited by available genes, while genetic engineering allows introducing genes controlling drought tolerance. The document provides examples of drought tolerance mechanisms in plants and genes introduced through genetic engineering to improve drought resistance in transgenic crops.

Agricultural Adaptation to a Changing Climate

University of Florida

A keynote symposium talk to Grow Canada, December 7, 2016. The topic was the effects of climate change and how ag producers and agricultural researchers are studying opportunities to adapt to warmer temperatures. The session focuses on communications strategies that emphasize adaptation over the contentious issues of cause or mitigation. The hope it to continue productive agricultural production without becoming mired in policy discussion, and the science of adaptation will inform discussion in climate change cause and mitigation.

Strengthening Smallholder Farmers’ Resilience to Climate Change:Beyond Clim...

African Regional Strategic Analysis and Knowledge Support System (ReSAKSS)

1) Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) aims to increase agricultural productivity and incomes while adapting to and mitigating climate change impacts. However, CSA implementation has focused more on mitigation through carbon sequestration, which is more suitable for large-scale farms in wealthy countries. 2) Many recommended CSA practices are not widely adopted, even in developed countries like the US. Industrial agriculture contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions and soil degradation through monocultures and overuse of chemical inputs. 3) Agroecology is a more effective framework than CSA for smallholder farmers in Africa, as it rebuilds soil fertility and resilience through diversified practices like intercropping and composting,

0209 Working for Freedom from Hunger in Harmony with Nature

SRI-Rice, Dept. of Global Development, CALS, Cornell University

Animal Imapct and Non-Selective Grazing for Soil and Veld Improvement

NelCoetzee

This document discusses strategies for improving soil and vegetation through non-selective grazing and animal impact. It advocates for ultra-high stocking densities to maximize the benefits of dung, urine, trampling and saliva on soil and plant health. Through careful management of stocking rates, recovery times and timing of grazing, farmers can double or quadruple their stocking capacity while improving the landscape. Adopting indigenous breeds and grazing management can help counteract the poorer body condition that may result from non-selective grazing, through calving on green grass, rumen supplements, early weaning and maintaining good body condition in cattle.

cropping systems and farming systems,Ppt lodha intro

Govardhan Lodha

Agroecology – a knowledge system for synergy?

FAO

Similar to Can flexibility be built into cropping systems for adapting to climate uncertainty? - Darshan Sharma (20)

HIGH-THROUGHPUT PHENOTYPING METHODS FOR ECONOMIC TRAITS and DESIGNER PLANT TY...

Plant genetic resources and climate change

Climate Change

Ecological Farming: Agriculture Drought-Resistant Agriculture

0206 Potential Contributions of the System of Rice Intensification to Balanci...

SRI An Opportunity for Improving Food Security in Latin America

0210 A Review of the System of Rice Intensification (SRI)

Yield and Environmental Stresses

Climate Smart Rice (CSR): Boosting the food security in the changing climate

Agroecological approaches to breeding

Climate Smart Agriculture

Pastures: Sustainable Management

0203 The System of Rice Intensification An Opportunity for Improving Food Sec...

Genetically Modified Crop ( DROUGHT RESISTANCE CROP )

Agricultural Adaptation to a Changing Climate

Strengthening Smallholder Farmers’ Resilience to Climate Change:Beyond Clim...

0209 Working for Freedom from Hunger in Harmony with Nature

Animal Imapct and Non-Selective Grazing for Soil and Veld Improvement

cropping systems and farming systems,Ppt lodha intro

Agroecology – a knowledge system for synergy?

More from Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

Can we reduce nitrous oxide emissions from crops? - Sally Officer

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

1) Nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils are a major source of emissions in Australia, with fertilizer application being a key driver. 2) A study measured nitrous oxide emissions from wheat crops with different nitrogen sources and found significantly higher emissions when urea fertilizer was used compared to no fertilizer or a legume rotation. 3) Legume rotations supplied sufficient nitrogen for wheat growth in low rainfall years and generated less nitrous oxide emissions than urea fertilizer, though establishing legumes can be challenging in drier conditions.

Is it commercially viable to use dicyandiamide on a dairy farm in south-weste...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

The document summarizes research into the commercial viability of using dicyandiamide (DCD) on dairy farms in southwestern Victoria to reduce nitrous oxide emissions and increase pasture growth. Based on the results, using DCD is not currently economically feasible as the potential benefits of reduced emissions and increased dry matter production are not large enough to offset the costs of DCD application. For DCD use to be viable would require showing larger increases in pasture growth, higher fertilizer prices, lower DCD prices, or an emissions trading scheme with higher carbon prices. Further research is still needed.

How will the impact of elevated carbon dioxide on grain production vary with ...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

The document summarizes a study examining how elevated carbon dioxide levels will impact grain production across different soil types. The study exposed wheat and field pea crops grown in three different Australian soil types to ambient and elevated (550 ppm) carbon dioxide levels. In the first year, there was no effect of elevated carbon dioxide on dry matter, nitrogen uptake, or grain yield. Soil type had a large impact on these variables. In the second year, elevated carbon dioxide and soil type interacted to impact plant growth and nitrogen uptake in field peas. The study also found elevated carbon dioxide and soil phosphorus levels interacted to influence root growth, nutrient uptake and distribution in pulses. The results indicate the effect of elevated carbon dioxide on nutrient

A field study on the impact of the nitrification inhibitor DMPP on nitrous ox...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

The study evaluated the impact of the nitrification inhibitor DMPP on nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from a pasture in southwestern Victoria treated with urea fertilizer. When applied with urea, DMPP delayed the formation of nitrates, reduced cumulative net N2O emissions by 73% over 6 months, and increased dry matter production by 6% compared to urea alone. DMPP particularly reduced N2O emissions during periods of high rainfall and temperature by inhibiting the nitrification process. The results demonstrate that DMPP can significantly decrease N2O emissions from fertilized pastures while maintaining crop growth.

Securing pulses under changed climates - Rebecca Ford

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

This document discusses the threats posed by fungal pathogens to global food security under a changing climate. It provides examples of how past epidemics like the Irish Potato Famine were exacerbated by wet and cool conditions. Current threats like wheat stem rust could cause major crop losses. Pulses like chickpeas grown in Australia are susceptible to diseases that are being influenced by more frequent extreme rainfall events linked to climate change. Effective management may require anticipating how farming practices need to adapt.

Nutrient supply, below ground processes and elevated CO2 change the nutrition...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

1. White clover biomass and cyanide levels tended to increase, suggesting resources were diverted from protein production to cyanide defense. 2. The effect of elevated CO2 depended on nutrient availability - only with phosphorus addition did cyanide levels rise relative to protein. 3. Microbial symbionts like mycorrhizal fungi and nitrogen-fixing rhizobia that aid nutrient acquisition may also be impacted by elevated CO2, further influencing plant nutrition.

Impact of climate change on wheat phenology in the NSW wheat belt - De Li Liu

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

The document models the impacts of climate change on wheat flowering times in the NSW wheat belt of Australia. It finds that under climate change, spring wheat flowering times will be shortened, especially with earlier sowing dates. Winter wheat flowering times will be shortened in cooler eastern regions and lengthened in warmer western regions. Heat stress risks for spring wheat increase with late sowing dates after 2070, though grain filling stress may decrease due to earlier flowering. For winter wheat, heat stress risks during flowering and grain filling increase in some northwestern regions after 2030. The document recommends adapting sowing dates, changing varieties, and breeding slower developing spring varieties.

Will climate change negate better farm management for improving water quality...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

1) The study uses a farming systems model to compare the effects of improved agricultural management practices and predicted climate change on sugarcane yields and nitrogen loads in the Mackay-Whitsunday region. 2) Adopting best management practices (Class A) is found to significantly reduce nitrogen loads compared to conventional practices (Class D), with an effect much greater than any predicted climate change scenario. 3) While climate change may impact yields, moving to the best practices provides water quality improvements regardless of climate scenario due to large nitrogen load reductions.

Managing crop production uncertainties and climate variability through a map-...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

Managing crop production uncertainties and climate variability though a map-based system. The document discusses how Bungulla Farming, which operates 7,200 hectares of cropping land in Australia, uses a map-based system to manage risks and increase productivity in the face of increasing input costs, volatile grain prices, and climate change impacts like decreasing rainfall. Key data layers like soil nutrients, climate records, water availability, and machinery operations are integrated into interactive farm maps to help make strategic decisions at critical points and increase nitrogen use efficiency and targeted weed control.

Managing future agricultural production in a variable and changing climate - ...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

This document summarizes a project that aims to help Australian farmers manage future agricultural production in a changing climate. The project brings together experts and farmers to discuss potential climate impacts and adaptation options. Farmers provide local knowledge of cropping systems while experts use crop modeling and simulations to evaluate adaptation strategies. The research shows that combining local expertise with modeling is needed to develop effective regional adaptations, as climate change impacts and solutions will vary locally. Adapting to significant climate change remains a challenge across Australia.

An integrated assessment of land use change in the Border Rivers-Gwydir catch...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

This document summarizes research on the potential for land use change in the Border Rivers-Gwydir Catchment region of Australia to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions through carbon sequestration. The research analyzed the carbon sequestration potential and costs of converting land to different uses like forests and environmental plantings. It found that mixed-species environmental plantings and Pinus radiata plantations have the highest carbon sequestration potential. However, targeting only regions with the highest sequestration may not be the lowest-cost strategy. The results are sensitive to the discount rate used in the analysis.

Agricultural adaptation during times of change - Thilak Mallawaarachchi

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

This document discusses agricultural adaptation to climate change. It notes that adaptation involves finding ways to deal with issues like less water and higher temperatures. Crop adaptation is the basis of agriculture and involves the relationship between environmental factors and plant growth. Climate risks go beyond individual farms and are linked through markets. Increasing uncertainty due to climate change affects available options and outcomes. The document examines factors like declining terms of trade and total factor productivity in Australian agriculture over time. It discusses challenges like path dependence and separating climate change from natural variability when making adaptation decisions.

Future Farm Industries Cooperative Research Centre: profitable perennials - B...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

1. The Future Farm Industries Cooperative Research Centre aims to develop profitable perennial pastures and farming systems to change the nature of farming, create new industries, and improve natural resource management in southern Australia. 2. The CRC conducts research and development with partners to increase productivity, develop new regional industries using woody crops, and reduce environmental degradation through perennials. It estimates monetary benefits of $808 million by 2021 and $2.51 billion by 2030 from adopting perennial systems. 3. An analysis of adopting new perennial pastures in Western Victoria found they can improve farm profitability through increased carrying capacity and returns on investment, but results depend on climate variability and supplementary feeding costs.

Yield Prophet and precision agriculture - a suitable tool for risk management...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

The document discusses how yield prophet and precision agriculture tools can help farmers in the North Agricultural Region of Western Australia better manage risk and increase productivity by accounting for significant seasonal production volatility and soil variability within fields. It provides examples of how yield prophet has accurately predicted yields when soils are well characterized and highlights the need for experienced operators and thorough soil testing to set up accurate soil zones and variable rate crop management.

Practical management of climate variability in a changing climate - Peter McI...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

This document summarizes research on using seasonal climate forecasts to inform nitrogen application strategies for wheat farming in order to maximize profits while minimizing risk. Simulations show that a forecast-informed conservative nitrogen management strategy can increase farm profits from $235K to $402K compared to no forecast. A moderately skillful forecast was found to pay for itself within 7 years with a 80% chance of paying off within 3 years. Adopting mixed farming practices and incorporating seasonal forecasts provides additional financial benefits for dealing with climate variability.

An historical analysis of the changes in pasture production and growing seaso...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

This document summarizes research analyzing changes in pasture production and growing seasons in three dairy regions of Southeast Australia over several decades. Biophysical models were used to simulate pasture growth rates based on definitions of growing season length and wet or dry conditions. The models accurately represented measured pasture growth rates. Historical analyses of the three regions from 1960 to 2008 found changes in the start and end dates of the growing seasons over time.

Attitudes to climate change in southern NSW - Jan Edwards

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

- The document discusses a climate change adaptation project in Southern NSW that engaged local farmers through case studies and surveys to understand their attitudes towards and preparation for climate change. - Preliminary survey results found that farmers were uncertain about the impacts of climate change but many agreed that droughts would increase and temperatures would rise. - While many farmers intended to stay committed to farming, they were open to adapting their practices like using more drought-tolerant crops or increasing water conservation.

Resilience surfaces for pasture production under climate change scenarios - B...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

The document discusses the projected impacts of climate change on pasture production in southern Australia. It summarizes climate projections showing increased temperatures and decreased rainfall by 2030, 2050, and 2070. It then describes how a modeling approach was used to explore the effects of these climate changes on annual pasture growth. The modeling indicated higher winter production but shorter springs under warmer and drier conditions. Finally, it recommends a focus on heat-tolerant and water-efficient species as adaptations to support resilient pasture systems into the future.

Grains best management practice for managing climate threats and opportunitie...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

Will managing for climate variability also manage for climate change? - Andre...

Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries

This document summarizes a study examining how different adaptation policies for a sheep grazing system in southern Australia may perform under climate change. The study uses models to simulate the system under historical weather from 1970-2009 and projected future climates from 2010-2099. It finds that climate change impacts will not be masked by natural variability and that adaptation policies like incremental changes or those based on long-term forecasts may outperform traditional or step-change approaches. Inter-decadal variability is also an important source of uncertainty. The best policy depends on the specific climate scenario, and future work could blend incremental and forecast approaches while considering ensembles of climate projections.

More from Climate Change Research Strategy for Primary Industries (20)