Cytology
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The document discusses the structure and occurrence of various cellular components and tissues that can be observed through microscopy. It describes mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, myofibrils, zymogen granules, melanin pigment, goblet cells, lipid, and various epithelial tissues like simple squamous, simple cuboidal, simple columnar, pseudostratified columnar, transitional, and stratified squamous epithelium. It also summarizes the structure and occurrence of different glandular tissues - mucous glands, serous glands, mixed glands, apocrine glands, and holocrine glands. The document is authored by Mostafa Safian and provides cytological information about cellular organelles, tissues, and glands
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Cytology
- 2. Mitochondria - iron haematoxlin -structure : black granules or filaments forming the basal striations in the striated duct -occurrence : in salivary glands- liver- kidney- muscle Mostafa Safian
- 4. Golgi apparatus - silver impregnation -structure : browen or black fibillar, round or oval structures -occurrence : in the apical cytoplasm of the epithelium lining the epididymis Mostafa Safian
- 5. Myofibrils - 1-Haematoxylin&Eosin 2-Silver impregnation -structure : -in skeletal muscle fiber: -in longitudinal section, the myofibrils form light and dark bands -in cross section, the myofibrils appear as fine red points in a polyhedral shaped muscle fiber -occurrence : skeletal muscle fiber Mostafa Safian
- 9. Proteins (zymogen granules) - -Haematoxylin&Eosin -structure : Acidophilic(red) substance filling the apical cytoplasm of the pancreatic acinar cells representing the zymogen granules -occurrence : In pancreatic acinar cells Mostafa Safian
- 10. Melanin pigment -structure : Melanin granules (black to brown) scatter in the iris or ciliary processes of the eye and in the basal layer of skin -occurrence : Ciliary process of eye or skin Mostafa Safian
- 12. Goblet cell (carbohydrate) - Periodic acid Schiff(PAS) -structure : goblet cell : exocrine unicellular gland consist of two parts expended portionapical-1 appear empty due to dissolved carbohydrates portiondistalslendernarrow-2 contain compressed nucleus -occurrence : Small intestine Mostafa Safian
- 17. Goblet cell (carbohydrate) 1-Eosin & hematoxylin 2-Stain:(PAS) Mostafa Safian
- 18. Lipid - 1-Hx & Eosin 2-Osmic acid or Suddan black -structure : 1- By Hx & Eosin the fat cells appear as clear empty space surrounded by thin film of red cytoplasm containing flat basophilic nucleus 2- By osmic acidor suddan black the flat cells appear as large sherical or round homogenous black spots -occurrence : Perineural fat Mostafa Safian
- 20. Lipid Stain: Sudan black Mostafa Safian
- 21. Lipid Stain: Sudan black Mostafa Safian
- 22. Lipid Stain: Sudan black Mostafa Safian
- 24. Simple squamous epithelium -structure : Appear as single layer of flat cells . their cytoplasm contains flat nucleus located in the wide central part -occurrence : Parietal layer of bowman's capsule Mostafa Safian
- 28. Simple cuboidal -structure : Single layer of cubic shaped cells (height and width nearly equal). the cells appear as squares, each cell contains round central nucleus -occurrence : Thyroid follicle Mostafa Safian
- 31. Simple columnar epithelium -structure : single layer of epithelial cells. the cells appear tall and narrow (their height is greater than their width) their nuclei are oval and located in the basal half of the cell -occurrence : In large intestine and stomach Mostafa Safian
- 32. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium -structure : it's so, called because the nuclei are seen at different levels but all the cells rest on the basement membrane and not all the cells reach to the surface consist of : 1-tall cell, with proximally located nucleus 2-short cell, with distally located nucleus -occurrence : Epididymis Mostafa Safian
- 37. transitional epithelium -structure : :basal cell layer-1 one layer of cuboidal cells :layermiddle-2 several layer of polyhedral cells toward the base and bear shaped with their bases toward the surface :superfescial layer-3 cuboidalcells with convex surface (umbrella -dome shaped cells) with (1-2) nuclei -occurrence : Urinary bladder, ureter, urethra Mostafa Safian
- 42. stratified squamous epithelium -structure : :basal layer-1 one layer of columnar or cuboidal :middle layer-2 several layers of irregular polyhedral cells with rounded nuclei :superfescial layer-3 squamous -occurrence : A-cornified: skin B- non-cornified: oesophagus Mostafa Safian cornified-non
- 43. stratified squamous epithelium cornified Mostafa Safian cornified-non
- 44. stratified squamous epithelium cornified Mostafa Safian cornified-non
- 45. stratified squamous epithelium cornified Mostafa Safian cornified-non
- 46. stratified squamous epithelium cornified Mostafa Safian cornified-non
- 49. Mucous gland -occurrence : palatine salivary glands oesophageal glands of dogs Mostafa Safian
- 51. Serous gland -occurrence : pancreas, parotid salivary glands Mostafa Safian
- 52. Mixed gland -occurrence : mandibular salivary glands Mostafa Safian
- 53. Apocrine gland -occurrence : Mammary gland Mostafa Safian
- 59. Holocrine gland -occurrence : sabaceous gland Mostafa Safian
- 64.